THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


Presented  By 
PRESTON  DAVIE 

C97I.92 

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00032761075 

FOR  USE  ONLY  IN 
THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  COLLECTION 


4 


Form  No.  A-368,  Rev.  8/95 


CITIZENS  NATIONAL  BANK,  RALEIGH,  N.  C. 

See  Next  Two  Pages. 


HISTORICAL 
RALEIGH 

FROM    ITS     FOUNDATION     IN    1792 


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SCENE  IN  COLONIAL  TIMES. 

1902 


K.^^i^*' 


EDWARDS  &   BROUGHTON 


Printers    and    Binders 
«f      ^      RALEIGH      ^       ^ 


Citizens  IRational  iffianht 

RALEIGH.  N.  C. 

Capital,  .  .  .  $100,000.00 

Surplus,  .  .  .  50,000.00 

Profits,  .  .  .  25,000.00 

Deposits,  .  .  .  700,000.00 


c  c* «  no  Ttitcrcst  Paid  on  Deposits  <&  «  «: 


DIRECTORS  t 

A.  B.  ANDREWS,  R.  H.  LEWIS, 

R.  H.  BATTLE,  IVAN  M.  PROCTER, 

A.  B.  HAWKINS,  WM.  J.  ANDREWS, 

JOS.  G.  BROWN,  JOHN  C.  DREWRY. 


OFFICERS  : 


JOS.  G.  BROWN,  President. 

A.  B.  ANDREWS,  Vice-President. 

H.  E.  LITCHFORD,  Cashier. 


Every  legitimate  business  enterprise  encouraged,  and  every 
facilit}'  extended  its  patrons,  consistent  with  safe  and 
conservative  Banking. 

Safety  Deposit  Boxes,  for  Storage  of  valuable  papers, 
silver,  etc.,  for  rent  on  reasonable  terms. 


Citizens  National  Bank, 

RALEIGH,  N.  C. 

Capital,         .  .  .         1 1 00,000.00 


Surplus, 
Profits. 
Deposits 
Total  Assets 


100,000,00  (t 

30,000.00  § 

1,050,000,00  # 


Depository  of  the  United   States,   of  the   State 
North  Carolina  and  of  the  City  of  Raleigh. 


of 


i  The  Above  Are  The  Figures  For  W05. 
%  The  figures  on  opposite  page  are  for  W02 


I  This  growth  ludicates  the  measure  of  public  confidence 
I        reposed  in  this  institution,  and  we  acknowledge 
I  our  gratitude  for  their  favor  and  loyalty, 

t  We  are  now  in  better  position  than  ever  to  ac- 
I  commodate  our  friends,  and  we  will  be  glad  to  ex- 
i  tend  to  others  our  ample  facilities, 

I  We  Invite  Small  Accounts  as  well  as  Large  ones. 

i  JOSEPH  G.  BROWN,  President. 

1  HENRY  E.   LITCHFORD,  Cashier. 


r'ii[iyni"'iipn'in[]||iii"u|||[|lllili||pilHH||||l|lliii|f[|pilin 

Raleiflb's  Only 

Deparfmetit  Slore 


Trustworthy  goods  only,  at  uniformly  right  prices. 
All  articles  guaranteed  as  represented.  ::  ::  ::  :: 
One  price  to  all  and  that  the  lowest.  ::  ::  ::  ::  :: 
Money  refunded  to  all  dissatisfied  buyers.  ::  ::  :: 
Courteous  treatment  to  all.  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  :: 
Experienced  salespeople  in  every  department.  :: 
Buying  in  large  quantities  and  direct,  saves  for  you 
the  middleman's  profit.  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  :: 
Reducing  prices  without  reducing  qualities.  ::  :: 
Modern  Store  Service  and  Equipment.      ::    ::    ::    :: 


rnipimg 


Vou'll  Find  tbc  Store  as 
6ood  as  Hdvertisedccc 


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EDGAR  E.  ELLINGTOX,  Mgr. 
WALTER  J.  WYATT. 

WYATT   &    ELLINGTON 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 

ROUGH   AND   DRESSED 

I    UMBER 

Flooring,  Ceiling,  Wcatherboarding,  etc.,  Sash,  Doors,   Blinds,  Windoic 

and  Door  Frames,  Mouldings,  Mantels,  Turned  Worh,  and 

All  Kinds  of  Building  Material. 

SHINGLES  AND  LATHS.  WRITE  FOR  QUOTATIONS. 

OFFICE  AND  SHOP: 

120  South  West  Street,       ^       ^       ^      Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 

Interstate  Phone  332. 


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^^  H.J.  BROWN  COFFIN  HOUSE  [ 

ESTABLISHED  i        »       3       3 

JOHN   W.  BROWN, 


Nos.  207, 209.  211  RAIFir^H    N    T     ^ 

•iOtTTH  SALISBURY  STREET.  l\/\l^E,lVjn,  l>l .    V^.     W 


SOUTH  SALISBURY  STREET 


Undertaking,  embracing  Embalming  and  services  at  burials,  con- 
ducted in  the  most  improved  manner,  by  skilled  and  attentive  opera- 
tors. Particular  attention  given  the  embalming  of  bodies  for  trans- 
portation. 

Coffins,  Caskets  and  Burial  Cases 

of  every  grade  constantly  in  s^tock;  also  Robes  for  male  and  female,     ^ 
Burial  Shoes,  etc.  ^ 

Prompt  attention  to  all  calls,  day  or  night,  either  in  the  city  or    L 
county.  Bell  Phonk  336,  Raletgh  a^tp  Interstate  142.    W 

^i.iH|flli.!fl'iM!l!:ffiii.iffn^''i!!!yiii'inif|i:ii;lfni'il|fli'iM|fll"'il      fpiiiL^nirpH^Mi^i  ^ 


% 


Historical  Raleigh 


FROM  ITS  FOUNDATION  IN  1792 


DESCRIPTIVE,  BIOGRAPHICAL, 
EDUCATIONAL,  INDUS- 
._^^    TRIAL,  RELIGIOUS 


REMINISCENCES  REVIEWED  AND  CAREFULLY  COMPILED 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress  in  the  Year  190*2,  by  M.  N.  Amis, 
in  the  otRce  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


By 
m:osks    :n^  .    aimis 

of  the  Raleigh  Bar, 

Author  of  Amis's  N.  C.  Criminal  Code  and  Digest. 

1902 


REPORT  OF  CONDITION 

OF 

Zbz  Commercial  and  ifarmerd  Banbt 

OF    RALEIGH,    N.    C. 

At  Qosc  of  Business  April  30,  t902. 


RESOURCES: 

Loans  and   Discounts 9398,599.46 

Overdrafts 3,627.23 

North  Carolina  4  per  cent  Bonds 30,000.00 

Banking  House  and  Fixtures 18,702.48 

Other  Real    Estate 13,958.31 

Cash  Due  from  Banks 90,084.02 

Cash  Items  and  Cheeks 3,816.93 

Cash  on  hand 43,128.63 

$601,917.06 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock  paid  in 8100,000.00 

Surplus  Fund 25,000.00 

Net  Profits 25,202.33 

DEPOSITS: 

Individual  Deposits $431,940.44 

Bank  Deposits 18,751.46 

Cashiers'  Checks 1,022.53       S451,714.73 

S601. 917.06 

J.  J.  THOMAS.  President.  B.  S.  .lERMAN,  Cashier. 

A.  A.  THOMPSON,  Vice-President.     H.  \V.  JACKSON,  A.ss I.  Cashier. 


DIRECTORS. 


J.  J.  THOMAS,  President. 

ALF.  A.  THOMPSON,  of  Johnson  &  Thompson,  Cotton  Exporters. 

CAREY  J.  HUNTER,  Supt.  Union  Central  Life  Insurance  Co. 

R.  B.  RANEY,  General  Agent  Penn  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co. 

THOS.H.BRIGGS,  of  Thos.  H.  Rriggs  &  Sons,  Hardware. 

JOSHUA  B.  HILL. of  J.  R.  Ferrall  &  Co.,  Grocers. 

J  AS.  E.  SHEPHERD,  of  Shepherd  and  Shepherd,  Attorneys  at  Law. 

HENRY  A.  LONDON,  Attorney  at  Law.  Pittsboro,  N,  C. 

JNO.  W.SCOTT.  Capitalist,  Sanford.  N.  C. 

GEO.  W.  WATTS,  Director  American  Tobacco  Co.,  Durham,  N.  C. 

B.  N.  DUKE,  President  Fidelitv  Bank,  Durham,  N.  C. 

ASHLEY  HORNE,  President  Clayton  Banking  Co.,  Clayton,  N.C. 

FRED.  PHILIPS,  Capitalist,  Tarboro,  N.  C. 

D.Y.COOPER,  Capitalist,  Henderson,  N.  C. 

ASHBY  L.  BAKER,  President  Virginia  Cotton  Mills. 


Safe  Deposit  Boxes  for  Rent.  No  Interest  Paid  on  Deposits. 


CONTENTS. 

The  arrangement  of  the  subject-matter  of  this  work  precludes  a  table  of  con- 
tents by  chapters.  The  following  method,  therefore,  will  prove,  it  is  boped,  as 
iidvantlgeous  in  enabling  the  reader  to  find  any  desired  subject  as  if  this  de- 
parture from  established  custom  had  not  been  adopted. 

This  table  of  contents  has  no  reference  to  matters,  things  or  conditions  em- 
bniced  in  the  chapter,  "  A  Glance  at  Raleigh  of  To-Day,"  this  being  but  sup- 
plementary, in  its  character,  to  "  Historical  Raleigh." 

PAGE. 

Formation  of  Wake  County  -.. 1^ 

Blooaisbury— tlie  home  of  Col.  Joel  Lane - -  -  -  !•"> 

Brief  sketch  of  Col.  Joel  Lane  and  his  descendants 19 

Sittings  of  the  General  Assembly  before  the  Revolution 25 

Location  and  founding  of  a  permanent  capital -  -  27 

Plan  of  the  city - - '^^ 

First  sale  of  city  lots - 47 

The  first  Statehouse 49 

Sale  of  lots  in  1819 - '"^l 

Erection  of  the  Governor's  "  Palace"' 53 

Burning  of  the  Statehouse - - ^^ 

Erection  of  a  new  capitol .  - ^^ 

First  city  government  and  its  commissioners 63 

Mayors - ^^ 

Early  inhabitants ...67,68,  70,  71,  72,  73,  74,  75,  91,  93 

Inhabitants  and  business  men  of  later  times 61,  66,  75-77, 

85-89,  95-97,  107,  109,  112,  115-117,  119,  120,  125-129,  131-133, 

137-141,  173-177 - 195 

Older  living  inhabitants 77-81 

Newspapers  in  Raleigh's  early  history 67,  68,  109,  110,  111,  127 

Later  newspapers - lOL  127,  180 

Fires  and  fire-engines  of  old  times -  -  -  - 81 

Street-cars -  - - ^^ 

Religious — churches  and  ministers - 84 

Early  hotels,  or  taverns 90 

President  Andrew  Johnson -- 92 

Educational— schools  and  teachers 93 

Physicians  of  old  times 1^2,  133 

Lawyers   ^^ 

Masonry  and  Odd  Fellowship 1^1 


(>  CONTENTS. 

PAGK. 

General  La  Fayette's  visit  to  Raleigh 104 

The  Nat.  Turner  Insurrection 108 

Early  railroads  and  their  employees 113 

Removal  of  the  old  market 117 

Old-time  common  or  *'  free  schools  " 121 

Henry  Clay's  visit  to  Raleigh 123 

A  new  impetus — organization  and  erection  of  new  State  institu- 
tions   129 

Inhabitants  of  later  times 131,  133,  137 

Physicians  of  old  times 132,  133 

Military  companies 134 

Visit  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas 142 

Business  men  of  the  old  and  the  present  time 143,  145 

Historical  Scraps 165 

The  Dawn  of  a  Momentous  Era — the  Civil  War 16t^ 

The  Stars  and  Bars  unfurled 170 

Preparations  for  the  conflict - 172 

Raleigh  boys  who  enlisted  in  the  strife 173 

Events  at  home  during  the  war 177 

Sacking  of  newspaper  offices  by  soldiers  and  citizens 180 

Surrender  of  Raleigh  to  the  Federal  forces 183 

Return  of  the  Confederate  veterans 193 

Municipal  affairs  ensuing  the  war 195 

A  notable  event 197 

Raleigh's  Centennial  Celebration 199 

"  A  Glance  at  Raleigh  of  To-Day" 201 

Olivia  Raney  Library 221 

Raleigh  tobacco  market 223 

Cotton  and  Grocers'  Exchange 228 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE. 

Residence  of  Col.  Joel  Lane 17 

Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood 75 

Birthplace  of  President  Andrew  Johnson 87 

W.  C.  Upchurch - - 99 

Dr.  W.  H.  McKee - Ill 

RUFUS  H.  HORTON -  .  - -  - -  -  -    124 

J.  RuFFiN  Williams - 135 

E.  B.  Thomas - -  -  148 

Dr.  Chas.  E  Johnson -. --  161 

J.  C.  S.  Lumsden - - 175 

N.  B.  Broughton 188 

A.  M.  Powell - -302 

Chas.  F.  Lumsden - 214 

Horace  B.  Greason - 219 

Malcus  W.  Page - - 223 

Joseph  J.  Bernard 226 

Herbert  E.  Norris -  -  -  230 


INTRODUCTORY. 

In  its  general  and  popular  acceptation,  the  term  history  is  con- 
fined to  records  of  events  of  a  political  character,  and  is  seldom 
used  in  referring  to  any  condition  of  things  less  broad  than  the 
State  or  nation.  Hence,  matters  of  interest  so  narrow  as  to  be 
confined  to  a  town  or  city  are  usually  regarded  as  unworthy  of 
preservation  in  literary  form.  This  view  is  an  erroneous  one, 
for,  apart  from  the  general  value  of  a  knowledge  of  men  and 
things  passed  and  gone,  by  comparing  the  humble  beginnings  in- 
cident to  every  community  with  present  conditions — whether 
these  beginnings  refer  to  events  or  to  things — a  laudable  sense  of 
pride  becoming  to  every  citizen  is  felt,  and  inspiration  for  future 
excellence  encouraged. 

Except  in  rare  instances,  it  has  not  been  within  the  scope  of  the 
book  to  make  mention  of  the  names  of  any  inhabitants  who  have 
not  been  in  close  touch  with  our  people,  however  distinguished  in 
State  or  nation,  and  though  "native  and  to  the  manner  born,"  the 
design  of  the  author  being  to  acquaint  the  reader  with  the  life  of 
the  people  of  Raleigh  in  the  olden  time,  rather  than  to  undertake 
the  narration  of  such  events  as  ordinarily  claim  the  attention  of 
the  historian. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  book,  the  author's  desire  has  oeen  to 

make  it  not  only  interesting  as  a  record  of  the  early  days  of  the 

;§^    capital,  and  of  its  people,  but  that  it  should  serve  also  as  a  reposi- 

Q    tory  of  present  conditions  as  well  as  of  past  events,  and  thus 

MOSES  N.  AMIS. 


^    prove  valuable  in  future  time 


Raleigh,  X.  C,  Aug.  11,  1902. 


10  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


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Popular  Prices  Reliable  Goods 


Dealers  in 


jnPen's  anb  Bo^s  Clothing 

Shoes,  Trunks,  Hats  and 
Furnishing  GoodsS*5*5*5* 

Cafl  anHe'e  Us''*''  10  E.  MARTIN   STREET 

I  JAMES  I.  JOHNSOM, 

Opp.  Postoffice.  ^  RALEIGH.  N.  C. 

KEEPS  A  FIRST-CLASS 

PHARMACY 


IN    EVERY    RESPECT  « 

SFTcciAL   j^tte:s^tio:s'    to    zviail   oriDirins.  ^ 

^LSO  W 

% 

^    THE     WONDERFUL    HEADACHE    AND    NEURALGIA     CURE.    ^ 
^  25  and  50c.  a  bottle.  § 


FORMATION  Of  WAKE  COUNTY. 

"As  he  is  a  bad  man  who  is  ashamed  of  an  honest  parentage  be- 
cause it  was  poor  and  humble,  so  he  is  no  better  who  is  ashamed  of 
his  country  because  its  history  records  few  or  none  of  the  bloody 
triumphs  of  ambition,  but  tells  the  simple  story  of  a  people's  unob- 
trusive progress  in  civilization  and  homely  comfort.  ' 

—Dr.  Francis  L.  Hawks,  North  Carolina's  famous  historian. 

The  county  of  Wake,  in  which  the  capital  of  North 
Carolina  is  situate,  was  formed  in  1771,  from  portions 
of  Cumberland,  Orange  and  Johnston— chiefly  from 
the  latter.  The  act  of  the  Colonial  Assembly  author- 
izing the  establishment  of  the  new  county  was  ratified 
in  1770,  but  was  not  to  take  effect,  however,  until 
March  12,  1771.  The  first  term  of  court  began  June 
4th  of  that  year. 

The  first "^ sheriff  was  Michael  Rogers,  grandfather 
of  the  late  Mrs.  Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood.  The  first  sheriff 
after  the  organization  of  the  city  of  Raleigh  (1792) 
was  Richard  Banks. 

^^\CT  FOR  THE  ERECTION  OF  WAKE  COUNTY  AND  ST.  MAR- 
GARET'S PARISH. 

^'Whereas,  the  large  extent  of  said  counties  of  John- 
ston, Cumberland  and  Orange  renders  it  grievous  and 
burthensome  to  many  of  the  inhabitants  thereof  to 
attend  the  courts,  general  musters,  and  other  public 
meetings  therein : 

"Be  it  enacted  by  the  Governor,  Council  and  Assem- 
bly, and  by  the  authority  of  the  same,  that  from  and 
after  the  twelfth  day  of  March  next  after  the  passing 
of  this  act,  the  said  counties  of  Johnston,  Cumberland 
and  Orange  be  divided  by  the  following  lines,  that  is  to 
say,  beginning  at  Edgecombe  line  on  Mocosin  Swamp, 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


W.  e.  THOMAS 

prescription 
BruGoist 


445  Halifax  Street,  RALEIGH,  .'ii.  C, 


A  FULL  AND  COMPLETE  LINE 
OF 

jfresb  jDrugs  and  Coilet  :^rticles 

CARRIED 
IN  STOCK  AT  ALL  TIMES. 


Prescription  Departmetit 

IS  THE  OBJECT  OF  OUR  SPECIAL  CAPE. 


DAY    OR    NIGHT. 


t^e^t^Mail   Orders   Receive   Prompt  Attention..^.^.^ 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  13 

a  mile  above  James  Lea's  Plantation,  running  a  di- 
rect line  to  Xeuse  River,  at  the  upper  end  of  John 
Beddingtiekrs  Plantation ;  then  to  David  Mimm's  mill 
and  Tanner's  old  mill,  then  the  same  course  continued 
to  the  ridge  which  divides  Cumberland  and  Johnston 
counties;  then  a  straight  line  to  Orange  line,  at  the 
lower  end  of  Richard  Hill's  plantation,  on  Buckhorn; 
then  the  same  course  continued  five  miles ;  then  to  the 
corner  of  Johnston  County  on  Granville  line;  then 
with  the  same  line  and  Bute  line  to  Edgecombe  line, 
and  along  Edgecombe  line  to  the  beginning ;  be  thence- 
forth erected  into  a  distinct  county  and  parish  by  the 
name  of  Wake  County  and  St.  Margaret's  Parish." 

This  act  was  ratified  January  26,  1771,  by  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  which  sat  that  year  in  New  Bern. 

A  copy  of  the  charter  of  the  county  may  be  found 
recorded  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Superior 
Court.  It  is  signed  by  Wm.  Tryon,  the  Colonial  Gov- 
ernor, and  executed  at  Xew  Bern  the  22d  dav  of  Ma^, 
1771. 

The  following  is  a  literal  copy  of  the  order  directing 
its  registration : 

Wake  Sepr  Inferior  Term,  1771. 
Wake  County — 

Present  His  Majesty's  Justices.  'Twas  then  Or- 
dered, that  the  within  Charter  of  Wake  Countv  be 

«- 

Recorded,  which  was  done  accordingly  this  twelfth 
Dav  of  Sepr.,  1771,  in  Book  A  and  pa^es  4,  5  and  6. 
Test:         JXO.  RICE    C.  I.  C. 

The  county  was  named  for  Royal  Governor  Tryon's 
wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Wake,  though  some  au- 
thorities claim  it  was  so  designated  in  honor  of  Esther 
Wake,  a  sister  of  Ladv  Trvon. 


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HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  15 

The  county  seat  of  Wake  was  originally  Blooms- 
bury.  This  name  was  adopted  evidently  because  such 
was  the  title  of  the  homestead  of  Col.  Joel  Lane,  who 
was  the  owner  of  vast  estates  in  this  vicinity.  Blooms- 
bury  was  situated  at  what  is  at  present  the  western 
terminus  of  Hargett  street,  on  Boylan  Avenue,  and 
embraced  the  lands  now  owned  by  the  Boylan  and 
Snow  families.  Wheji  the  county  was  organized,  and 
Bloomsbury  became  the  county  seat,  a  court-house  was 
accordingly  erected.  This  was  a  log  building,  which 
stood  on  the  hillside  in  front  of  Col.  Lane's  residence. 
Subsequently,  and  until  1792,  the  county  seat  was 
known  as  Wake  Court  House. 

The  residence  of  Joel  Lane  is  still  standing  on  Boy- 
lan avenue,  near  West  Hargett  street,  facing  east.  It 
has  been  the  property  of  the  Boylan  family  since  it 
was  purchased  by  Wm.  Boylan,  nearly  a  century  ago. 
Except  the  double-slanting  roof  and  dormer  windows, 
there  is  now  nothing  in  its  exterior  to  indicate  its  co- 
lonial origin,  for  the  building  has  had  many  material 
repairs,  especially  on  the  interior.  The  fireplaces, 
originally,  were  evidently  extremely  large,  as  may 
be  judged  from  the  base  of  the  chimneys,  one  of  which 
is  built  at  the  end  and  on  the  outside  of  the  house, 
and  suggests  that  the  pieces  or  "sticks"  of  wood  used 
for  fuel  were  at  least  five  feet  in  length.  One  of  the 
mantels  is  colonial  in  style,  being  five  or  six  feet  above 
the  hearth,  while  the  locks  on  the  doors  are  of  antique 
pattern  and  of  great  strength.  At  this  season  (mid- 
summer) the  building  and  its  environments — situated 
as  they  are  in  the  background  of  a  beautiful  lawn, 
arched  above  with  the  thick  foliage  of  towering  oaks, 
with  here  and  there  a  magnolia,  roses  and  other  shrub- 
bery— present  a  most  picturesque  scene. 

In  an  open  field,  about  thirty-five  feet  south  of  Mor- 
gan street  and  near  Boylan  avenue  on  the  east,  under 


16 


HISTOKICAL  RALEIGH. 


I 


RALEIGH,  N.  C. 


HARDWARE 


Lime 

Cement 

Plaster 


Sash 


Doors 


Blinds 


Guns 


Loaded  Shells 


Gypsine,  }ap-a-Lac  Lava  Floor  Paint 

Stains         Enamels 
R  C.  Paint  White  Lead  Oils 


Best  GoodssiLotDest  Pricess^Square  Dealing 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


18 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


»i»:»i$=$»:^i»i$:^»$»:^:^:^:$:»i^j$i$i^i»i»j$»:»»:^-$i»;»»i» 


%. 


I  JOHN   S.   PESCUD, 

I  ©ruggiet  ant) 

I  Ipbarmaciet, 

I  NO.  12  W.  HARGETT  STREET. 

I    [yfRYTHING  FRESH  IN  MIGINE  AND  OF  MEM  QOIILITL 

T  We    have   rubbed    and    pounded,    mixed    and 

$  poured,   many   thousand  times  for  the  people 

9  hereabout.     We  have  customers  with  whom  we 

^  became  acquainted  35  years  ago.     Who  sells 

you  your  medicine  ?       ::      ::      ::      ::     ::     ::     :: 

J.  S.  PESCUD. 


W,  H.  HUGHES, 

DEALER  IN 

Chw^y  Crockery, 
Glassware 

Lampst    Table    Cutlery.    Silver- 

Plated  Ware,  Refrigeratorst 

Tea  Trays,  Oil 

Stoves,    Ice- 
cream     Freezers, 
Water  Filters,  and  a  Gen- 
eral Line  of  House  Furnishings. 


Jioeoi  (or  Odorless  Reifioeroi 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  19 

what  was  once  a  stalwart  mulberry  tree,  but  now  de- 
cayed aud  tottering  with  time,  and  without  a  stone  or 
slab  to  mark  the  spot,  is  the  last  resting  place  of  Joel 
Lane. 

This  place,  in  the  early  part  of  the  century,  was 
owned  by  Peter  Browne,  one  of  the  first  lawyers  to  set- 
tle in  Kaleigh.  Subsequently,  in  1818,  it  was  sold  by 
him  to  Wm.  Boylan.  At  present  it  is  occupied  by  Mr. 
R.  L.  Potts  and  his  cultured  and  interesting  family. 

As  many  descendants  of  Col.  Joel  Lane  are  still  liv- 
ing among  us,  a  brief  sketch  of  the  Lane  family  may 
prove  not  uninteresting : 

There  were  five  of  the  Lane  brothers — Joel,  Joseph, 
Jesse,  James  and  Barnabas.  The  three  first  men- 
tioned settled  in  the  vicinity  of  Raleigh  in  1741.  Col. 
Joel  Lane's  first  wife  was  Martha  Hinton,  his  second 
Mary  Hinton,  daughters  of  Col.  John  Hinton,  of  Wake. 
Joseph  Lane  married  Ferebee  Hunter.  He  died  in 
1798.  The  maiden  name  of  the  wife  of  James  Lane 
was  Lydia  Speight.  Jesse  Lane  had  a  son,  John,  who 
married  Betsy  Street,  of  Buncombe,  and  these  two 
were  the  father  and  mother  of  General  Joseph  Lane,  of 
Oregon,  who  was  the  candidate  for  Vice-President  in 
1860,  on  the  ticket  with  Breckenridge.  Jesse  Lane 
married  Winifred  Aycock,  and  these  were  grandpa- 
rents of  ex-Governor  Swain. 

Joel  Lane  had  six  sons  and  an  equal  number  of 
daughters.  The  sons  were:  Henry,  James,  William, 
John,  Thomas  and  Joel;  the  daughters  were,  Nancy, 
Martha,  Elizabeth,  Mary,  Dorothy  and  Grizzelle.  The 
eldest  son,  Henry,  was  the  grandfather  of  the  late 
Henry  Mordecai,  and  second  cousin  to  General  Joseph 
Lane.  This  relationship  between  the  latter  and  Mr. 
Mordecai  occasioned,  in  1860,  when  the  Vice-Presiden- 
tial candidate  came  to  Raleigh,  the  most  distinguished 
social  gathering  which  had  ever  been  observed  here. 


20 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


"npiiiii!fiiiihyi^ii!fiiiiiiipiiiiiiffpiii!iif!iini.;i^iiiuiiT^;M!.p 

'Bhe 

IRaUidb  /marble  IKIlorbsj 


COOPER    BROS.,  Proprietors. 


WE  have  work  erected 
in  nearly  every  County 
in  North  Carolina,  as 
well  as  in  adjoining 
States. 

EVERY  job  is  an  adver- 
tisement of  our  work. 

WE  wnll  not  send  out  an 
inferior  piece  of  stone 
or  w^ork  if  we  know  it. 

W^E  furnish  only  the 
best  grade  of  work- 
manship and  material. 

SOME  of  the  best 
MONUMENTS 

in    the    State    were 
erected  hy  us. 

Free  on  application — 

Booklet  "Testimonials," 

Booklet  ' '  Some  Work 
Erected  by  Us  " 

Catalogue. 


COOPER      BROS.,    NORTH  CAROLINA 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  21 

This  was  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  Mordecai,  on  the 
northern  limits  of  the  city,  to  which  were  invited 
every  one  of  consequence  hereabouts  and  all  the  kins- 
people  of  the  Lanes  and  Mordecais  far  and  near.  It 
is  said  to  have  been  the  most  brilliant  and  elaborate 
affair  ever  known  in  the  history  of  the  capital. 
Among  others  present,  and  who  were  descendants  of 
Joel  Lane,  were  members  of  the  following  families: 
Devereuxs,  McCuUers  (John  Joseph  Lane  McCullers, 
father  of  Mr.  Chas.  E.  and  Dr.  Joseph  McCullers),  the 
late  Col.  L.  D.  Stephenson,  Matthew  Stephenson,  Aus- 
tin Jones,  and  a  great  many  others  whose  names  are 
not  now  recalled. 

The  living  descendants,  now  in  this  vicinity,  of 
Henry  Lane,  are  Mrs.  Margaret  L.  Little  and  five  sons ; 
Miss  Martha  Mordecai,  Mrs.  Mary  W.  Turk  and  two 
children ;  Mrs.  Ellen  Mordecai,  her  son  S.  F.  Mordecai 
and  his  eight  children;  Mrs.  Margaret  Devereux  and 
daughters — Mrs.  J.  J.  Mackay  and  five  children,  Mrs. 
J.  W.  Hinsdale  and  five  children,  and  Misses  Annie 
and  Laura  Devereux. 

Capt.  J.  J.  Thomas,  Dr.  D.  E.  Everett,  Joseph  G. 
and  Jno.  W.  Brown  are  also  descendants  of  Col.  Lane. 
The  late  W.  H.  Holleman  was  Col.  Lane's  great- 
grandson.  Mrs.  Margaret  E.  Rowland,  of  Middle 
Creek  Township,  and  mother  of  J.  T.  and  Rev.  Chas. 
H.  Rowland,  is  also  lineally  descended  from  Col.  Lane, 
whose  son  James  was  Mrs.  Rowland's  great-grandfa- 
ther. 

Mrs.  Lydia  Brown,  mother  of  Messrs.  Jno.  W.  and 
Joseph  G.  Brown,  was  a  granddaughter  of  James 
Lane. 

Mrs.  Phil.  Thiem,  her  sons  and  daughters — one  of 
the  latter  being  Mrs.  Walter  Woollcott;  Mrs.  John 
Bedford;  Miss  Janie  Brown;  Mrs.  Richard  Young, 
her  sons  and  daughter;  the  children  of  the  late  Nat. 


22  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

BOBBITT-WYNNE  DRUG  CO,, 


(incorporated 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 

DRUGGISTS  AND  PHARMACISTS. 


Dealers  in 

All  kinds  of  Dru§:s,  Chemicals,  Perfumery, 
Toilet  Articles,  Sundries  and  Seeds. 


<S)ur  preecription  department  ie  CompIete< 


We  are  Lieutenants  to  your  Physician. 
We  obey  his  Orders  Implicitly. 


Remember  this  is  the  only  drug  Store  THAT  NEVER 
CLOSES.  You  can  find  us  wide  open  night  and  day,  and 
that  necessarily  makes  us  carry  everything  fit  to  smoke. 


ALL  PHONES  109. 

Comer    Fayetteville    and  South   Market    Streets. 

RALEIGH,  N.  C. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  23 

L.  Brown,  and  Mrs.  W.  M.  Brown,  her  sons  and 
daughters — are  also  descendants  (through  their 
mother  and  grandmother,  the  late  Mrs.  Lvdia  Brown), 
of  James  Lane. 

Other  descendants  of  the  historic  Lanes  are  Messrs. 
Thomas  J.  Stephenson  and  his  brothers,  David,  James 
M.,  Lonnie  D.,  Jr.,  Nathaniel  R.,  Ralph  Lane,  and  sis- 
ters, Sallie  E.  and  Julia  V.  Stephenson — sons  and 
daughters  of  the  late  Col.  L.  D.  Stephenson — all  of 
Middle  Creek  Township,  this  county. 

Mr.  Chas.  E.  McCullers,  of  Raleigh,  has  in  his  pos- 
session a  powder-horn  and  mahogany  walking-cane, 
with  the  name  of  ^'Joseph  Lane"  carved  on  each,  the 
lettering  being  still  quite  distinct. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  some  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Wake  as  far  back  as  the  Revolution,  and 
as  these  names  are  borne  by  many  families  still  living 
here,  the  latter  are  doubtless  the  descendants  of  these 
original  residents:  Aycock,  Bunch,  Atkins,  Blake, 
Seagraves,  Yates,  Yarborough,  Barbee,  Barker,  Bel- 
vin,  Chavis,  Whitehead,  Whitley,  Woodard,  Utley, 
Terrell,  Dunn,  Earp,  Ferrall,  High,  Hinton,  Savage, 
Ta^'lor,  Strickland,  Hood,  Joyner,  Lane,  Martin,  Pool, 
Rigsby,  Speight,  Rand,  Tate,  Tucker,  Walton,  Bryan, 
Ashley,  Powell,  Phillips,  Peebles,  Bledsoe,  Banks,  Col- 
lins, Pope,  PuUen,  Mooneyham,  Holleman,  Horton, 
Hutchings,  Heartsfield,  Hayes,  Cole,  Chappell, 
Cooper,  Ellis,  Dodd,  Edwards,  Goodwin,  and  of 
course  a  great  many  others. 

"No  other  community  in  the  United  States,''  said 
Capt.  S.  A.  Ashe,  in  his  Memorial  Address,  on  the 
10th  of  May  last,  "is  so  completely  and  thoroughly 
the  development  of  local  influences  as  are  the  people 
of  North  Carolina.  Since  the  Revolution  we  have 
had  no  considerable  accessions  of  population  from 
abroad.     Our  people  to-day  are  descendants  of  the 


24  *  HISTOUICAL  RALEIGH. 


DOBBIN  &  FERRALL. 

AT  TUCKER'S  STORE 

123  and  125  Favcttei)iHe  street 

Dry  Goods  of  all  Kinds 
and  Kindred  Wans. 

Raleigh's   Representative   Dry    Goods   Store. 

We  al\va3'S  have  in  stock  what  \-ou  want  and 
what  you  can  not  find  elsewhere,  and  we 
always  sell  better  ^oods  at  lower  prices  than 
any  other  store.  Since  we  started  in  business 
ours  has  been  the  leading  Dr\'  Goods  House 
of  Raleigh,  but  not  content  with  merely  a  local 
trade,  we  began,  years  ago,  a  polic}-  of  ex- 
pansion that  should  place  us  side  by  side  with 
the  greatest  department  stores  in  the  country. 
Our  growth,  though  ver}-  rapid,  has  been 
along  conservative  lines,  and  our  store  is  now 
not  only  the  recognized  trade  center  of  all  the 
territory-  adjacent  to  Raleigh,  but  likewise  of 
all  North  Carolina.  Our  success  is  founded 
upon  the  principle  of  straigh forward  dealing 
and  exact  truthfulness  in  stating  the  merits 
of  the  goods  offered,  and  alwa3-s  selling  the 
best  goods  at  the  lowest  prices.      ::      ::      ::     :: 

DOBBIN  &  FERRALL. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


25 


men  and  women  who  came  here  when  our  woods  were 
unbroken  forests,  who  first  cleared  these  fields,  estab- 
lished their  homes  in  the  wilderness  and  subdued 
these  native  wilds  to  the  use  of  man.  Their  past  then 
is  our  past.  As  we  constitute  North  Carolina  to-daj, 
our  forbears  constituted  it  in  their  time  and  genera- 
tion; and  we  are  but  the  natural  growth  developed 
under  the  influences  that  surrounded  them.'' 


SITTINGS  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

Without  attempting  to  give  the  reader  any  account 
of  the  sittings  of  the  General  Assembly— whether 
Royal  or  Proprietary — in  ante-revolutionary  times, 
his*^  attention  is  directed  to  the  sessions  of  this  body 
during  the  Revolution.  These  were  affected  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  by  the  exigencies  of  war.  Those  in 
1777  and  the  first  session  of  1778,  as  well  as  the  first 
of  1780,  were  held  in  New  Bern.  The  second  session 
of  1778,  the  second  of  1780,  and  these  of  1782  and  1783 
were  at  Hillsboro.  The  third  session  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assemblv  of  1778,  which  met  in  January,  1779, 
was  at  Halifax,  as  was  likewise  the  second  session  of 
1779.  The  first  of  1779  was  at  Smithfield.  The  first 
of  1781  was  in  Wake  County,  at  the  Lane  homestead. 
One  was  appointed  for  Salem,  but  a  quorum  did  not 
attend. 

After  the  Declaration  of  Peace,  the  sessions  of  1784 
were,  the  first  at  Hillsboro,  and  the  second  at  New 
Bern,  as  was  also  that  of  1785.  That  of  1787  was  at 
Tarboro.  Those  of  1786, 1788, 1789, 1790  and  the  first 
session  of  1793  were  at  Fayetteville.  Those  of  1791, 
1792,  and  the  second  session  of  1793,  held  in  June, 
1794,  were  in  New  Bern. 


26 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


i$^i^i$!»^i$^:»i^i^^:»'»:»:»:^:»:$i$i$»i^i$»i^i^i»i»i$i»»»»i»i»i»» 


I  ME  I 


Booksellers  and 
Stationers   ^   ^ 

RALEIGH  aj^jSlN.  C. 

earnest  ana  Oldest  Book  and  Stationery 
Store  in  tbe  State  ^^^  Tounded  in  1867 


/^UR  personal  attention 
^^  given  all  orders  for  anj^ 
and  ever3^thing  in  our 
line  of  business.  Our 
policj^  of  promptness,  ac- 
curacy' and  reasonable 
prices  have  won  us  custom- 
ers in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  Your 
orders  are  solicited,    ::    :: 


I    flUFRED   WIUIilAIVIS   &   GOMPflNV 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  27 

LOCATION  OF  A  PERMANENT  CAPITAL. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1787,  sitting  at  Tarboro, 
in  providing  for  calling  a  convention  to  consider  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  re- 
commended the  people  of  the  State  to  "fix  on  the  place 
for  the  unalterable  seat  of  government." 

The  Convention,  which  met  at  Hillsboro  in  1788, 
resolved  that  ''this  Convention  will  not  fix  the  seat  of 
government  at  one  particular  point,  but  that  it  shall 
be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  Assembly  to  ascertain 
the  exact  spot,  provided  always,  that  it  shall  be  within 
ten  miles  of  the  plantation  whereon  Isaac  Hunter  now 
resides,  in  the  county  of  Wake." 

In  1791  an  act  was  passed  by  the  General  Assembly 
to  carry  the  ordinance  of  1788  into  effect.  It  was 
provided  that  nine  commissioners  be  appointed  to  lay 
off  and  locate  the  city  within  ten  miles  of  the  planta- 
tion of  Isaac  Hunter^  in  the  county  of  Wake,  and  five 
persons  ''to  cause  to  be  built  and  erected  a  Statehouse 
sufficiently  large  to  accommodate  with  convenience 
both  Houses  of  the  General  Assembly,  at  an  expense 
not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  pounds." 

This  historic  tract  of  Isaac  Hunter  lies  about 
three  and  a  half  miles  north  of  our  city,  on  what  was 
once  the  great  road  from  the  North  to  the  South  by 
way  of  Petersburg,  Warrenton,  Louisburg,  Wake 
Court  House  to  Fayetteville,  Charleston  and  other 
points. 

This  act  provided  for  one  commissioner  from  each 
of  the  eight  Judicial  Districts,  and  a  ninth  from  the 
State-at-large.  The  following  were  elected :  For  the 
Morgan  District,  Joseph  McDowell,  the  elder ;  Salis- 
bury District,  James  Martin;  Hillsboro  District, 
Thomas  Person;  Halifax  District,  Thomas  Blount; 
Edenton  District,  William  Johnston  Daw^son;  New 


28 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


Cbe  People's  Popular,  Pushing, 
Progressive 


♦♦ 


Photographer 


♦  ♦ 


**not  bow  ebeap,  but  bow 
eooa  and  Up=to=Date/'  « «( 


Remember 


It  Pays  to  Get  tbe  Best 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  29 

Bern  District,  Frederick  Hargett;  Fayetteville  Dis- 
trict, Henry  William  Harrington;  Wilmington  Dis- 
trict, James  Blood  worth;  State-at-large,  Willie 
Jones. 

Willie  Jones,  of  Halifax,  was  the  leader  of  the  anti- 
Federalists,  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  at 
New  Bern  in  1774,  and  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Safety  in  1776.  He  refused  to  accept  a  seat  in  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1787  at  Philadelphia, 
and  led  the  party  in  the  State  Convention  of  1788  op- 
posed to  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution. 
He  eventually  removed  to  Wake  County,  and  bought 
the  plantation  now  owned  in  part  by  the  St.  Augus- 
tine Normal  School.  It  was  on  this  place  he  was 
buried,  but  there  is  now  no  stone  to  mark  the  spot. 

Frederick  Hargett  was  for  many  years  Senator 
from  Jones. 

James  Martin  was  a  colonel  of  militia  in  the  Revo- 
lution, and  participated  in  winning  the  victory  of 
Moore's  Creek  Bridge  and  Guilford  Court  House.  The 
deed  from  Joel  Lane  for  the  land  purchased  for  the 
capital  was  to  James  Martin  in  trust  for  the  State. 

Thomas  Blount,  of  Edgecombe,  had  been  a  Revolu- 
tionary officer.  He  was  the  same  year  elected  to  the 
National  House  of  Representatives,  and  afterwards 
represented  Edgecombe  in  the  State  Senate. 

Thomas  Person,  of  Granville,  was  a  general  of  mi- 
litia in  the  early  Revolution,  and  afterwards  repre- 
sented his  county  in  the  General  Assembly.  He  was 
a  benefactor  of  the  University,  and  in  his  honor  the 
county  of  Person  was  named. 

James  Bloodworth,  of  New  Hanover,  had  often  rep- 
resented his  county  in  the  General  Assembly.  He 
was  a  son  of  Timothy  Bloodworth,  a  gunmaker,  and 
was  afterwards  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  a 
delegate  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Confederate  Con- 


30  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


ZAGHARY  MANTEL  GO. 


SUCCESSORS  TO 


HEADQUARTERS  FOR 

Rardwood  I11atitel$t  Ciles  and  Grates 


If  you  are  in  need  of  anything  in  our  line,  we 
vshall  be  glad  to  figure  on  your  requirements. 


Just  think,  A  Nice  Cabinet  Mantel,  Plain   Oak, 
Polish    Finish,    for    $8.50,   with    Mirror    14x24. 


ZAGHARY  MANTEL  CO.. 

108  W.  MARTIN  ST.,  RALEIGH,  N.  C. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  31 

gress,  a  representative  in  the  Congress  of  the  Union, 
and  a  United  States  Senator. 

Col.  Joseph  McDowell,  the  elder,  of  Burke,  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  services  in  the  Revolution,  and  for 
being  a  leader  of  the  Anti-Federalist  party  in  the 
west,  opposing,  in  the  Conventions  of  1778  and  1789, 
the  proposed  immediate  and  unconditional  ratifica- 
tion of  the  Federal  Constitution. 

William  Johnston  Dawson,  of  Chowan,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress  and  a  man  of  great  influence  in  the 
Albemarle  country. 

Henry  William  Harrington,  of  Richmond,  was  an 
officer  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature  and  famed  as  a  planter  of 
immense  estates  and  baronial  style  of  living. 

The  following  were  chosen  as  the  Building  Commit- 
tee Richard  Benehan,  of  Orange;  John  Macon,  of 
Warren ;  Robert  Goodloe,  of  Franklin ;  Nathan  Bryan, 
of  Jones,  and  Theophilus  Hunter,  of  Wake. 

Jas.  Iredell,  of  Chowan,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention,  introduced  the  ordinance  locating  the 
seat  of  government  in  the  county  of  Wake.  The  first 
to  suggest  "Raleigh''  as  the  appropriate  designation 
for  the  future  capital  was  Governor  Alexander 
Martin. 

Jas.  Iredell  afterwards  had  the  distinction  of  being 
honored  with  a  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  and  is  to  be  distinguished  from  Jas. 
Iredell,  his  son,  who  was  Governor  in  1827,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  at  an  advanced  age,  a  resident  of 
Raleigh. 

The  location  of  the  county  seat  was  entrusted  to 
seven  commissioners,  also  appointed  by  the  General 
Assembly,  viz :  Joel  Lane,  Theophilus  Hunter,  Hardy 
Sanders,  Joseph  Lane,  John  Hinton,  Thomas  Hines 
and  Thomas  Crawford.     The  commissioners  for  build- 


32 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


Suits  $25  to  $75 

Trousers   $8   to   $15 


High  Class  Tailoring 

Fayetteville  Street 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  33 

ing  the  court-house  and  jail  were  Joel  Lane,  James 
Martin  and  Theophilus  Hunter. 

As  the  first  court-house  in  Raleigh  was  not  erected 
till  about  1800  (and  that  on  Fayetteville  street,  where 
the  present  temple  of  justice  stands),  the  building  at 
Bloomsbury,  or  Wake  Court  House,  erected  for  a 
court-house  in  1770,  continued,  it  seems,  to  be  used  as 
such  for  several  years  after  the  city  was  organized. 

The  new  court-house  was  on  the  Fayetteville  street 
site— rectangular,  of  wood,  of  the  shape  of  the  old- 
fashioned  country  meeting-house.  This  was  sold 
about  1835,  and  removed  bodily  to  the  southeast  cor- 
ner of  Wilmington  and  Davie  streets,  and  was  for  a 
long  time  a  family  residence.  It  was  afterwards  con- 
ducted—first, as  a  boarding-house,  by  the  Misses  Pul- 
liam,  and  then  as  a  hotel  by  Geo.  T.  Cooke,  and 
known  as  Cooke's  Hotel.  The  structure  which  re- 
placed the  one  removed  was  of  brick,  and  erected  in 
1835.  This  was  remodeled  in  1882,  and  constitutes 
the  present  court-house. 

Eeverting  to  the  commissioners  and  to  their  duty  in 
planning  the  city,  in  addition  to  their  authority  to 
select  the  site  within  the  ten-mile  limit,  they  were 
directed  to  purchase  not  less  than  six  hundred  and 
forty  nor  more  than  one  thousand  acres,  and  to  lay 
off  a  town  of  not  less  than  four  hundred  acres.  The 
main  streets  were  required  to  be  ninety-nine  feet,  the 
remainder  sixty-six  feet  wide.  Twenty  acres  or  more 
were  to  be  allotted  for  public  squares. 

The  commissioners  were  to  be  allowed  twenty  shil- 
lings (or  two  dollars)  per  day  and  expenses. 

On  Tuesday,  the  20th  March,  1792,  there  assembled 
at  the  house  of  Isaac  Hunter  five  of  the  nine  commis- 
sioners, viz.,  Frederick  Hargett,  of  Jones;  William 
Johnson  Dawson,  of  Chowan;  Joseph  McDowell,  of 
Burke;  James  Martin,  of  Stokes;  Thomas  Blount,  of 


34  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

I  ROBERT  SIMPSON,  I 


4S 

% 


I 


CORNER  HILLSBORO  AKD  SALISBURY  STREETS, 

RALEIGH,     NORTH     CAROLINA 


A  COMPLETE  ASSORTMENT 
OF 


I 

^(\     Also  Wm.  Simpson's  Popular  Remedies— 


t 

St/ 


\l/ 
Sf> 


iSjl;  lperfmnes»  Collet  llrticles»  etc^  | 


w 
f 

4jt  Eczema  ®inttnint  u/ 

Catarrh  Cream  m/ 

'K  liver  Brills,  etc.  ^|^ 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  35 

Edgecombe.  They  did  not  organize,  but  adjourned  at 
once  to  the  house  of  Joel  Lane,  at  Wake  Court  House. 
On  the  next  day  they  began  their  work  by  viewing  the 
lands  which  had  been  offered  to  them  as  suitable  sites. 
On  the  22d  they  were  joined  by  Willie  Jones,  of 
Halifax. 

The  tracts  offered  to  the  commissioners,  and  which 
they  were  eight  days  riding  over,  not  stopping  for 
Sunday,  were  those  of  the  following-named  owners: 
Nathaniel  Jones,  Theophilus  Hunter,  Sr. ;  Theophilus 
Hunter,  Jr. ;  Joel  Lane,  Henry  Lane,  Isaac  Hunter, 
Thomas  Crawford,  Dempsey  Powell,  Ethelred  Rogers, 
Michael  Rogers,  Hardy  Dean,  John  Ezell,  John  Hin- 
ton,  Kimbrough  Hinton,  Lovett  Bryan,  and  William 
Jeffreys. 

On  the  27th  of  March,  the  commissioners  took  a  sec- 
ond view  of  the  lands  of  Joel  and  Henry  Lane. 

On  Thursday,  the  29th  of  March,  the  commissioners 
proceeded  to  organize  themselves  into  a  board,  choos- 
ing unanimously  as  chairman  Frederick  Hargett. 
They  then  proceeded  to  ballot  for  the  place  most 
proper  to  be  purchased.  Only  three  obtained  any 
vote.  John  Hinton's  tract  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Neuse,  near  Milburnie,  received  three  votes;  Joel 
Lane's  tract  at  Wake  Court  House  received  two  votes ; 
and  Nathaniel  Jones'  tract,  near  Cary,  received  one 
vote.  So  there  was  no  choice.  On  Friday,  March  30, 
a  second  ballot  was  taken,  with  the  result  that  Joel 
Lane's  tract  at  Wake  Court  House  received  five  votes 
and  the  Hinton  land  but  one  vote. 

The  quantity  purchased  was  the  maximum  allowed 
by  the  law,  one  thousand  acres.  The  price  was  thirty 
shillings,  or  |3,  for  the  "woodland  and  fresh  grounds,'^ 
and  twenty  shillings  per  acre  (|2)  for  the  old-field. 
One- fourth  of  the  tract,  after  being  cleared  and  culti- 
vated, was  abandoned  because  exhausted,  and  rated  at 


36  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

/IDecbanics  anb^Hiivestors  IHnion 

A  MORTGAGE  INVESTMENT  COMPANY 
CHARTERED  MAY,  1893    «««.««« 


Operated  and  Managed 
by 

JOHN  C.  DREWRY,  President.  J.  S.  WYNNE,  V.-President. 

B.  S.  JERMAN,  Treasurer.  GEORGE  ALLEN,  Secretary 

J.  N.  HOLDING,  Attorney. 

C.  G.  LATTA  and  W.  S.  PRIMROSE.  Directors 


The  object  of  the  Company  is  to  provide  a  plan  by  which  wage- 
earners  and  others  can  make  monthly  saving  deposits,  that  will  be 
available  at  any  time,  if  needed,  and  which,  at  certain  dates,  will  be 
returned  with  profits. 

The  second  object  is  to  furnish  the  money  by  which  families  caa 
be  aided  in  owning  homes,  on  the  monthly  payment  plan. 

This  Company  has  had  fine  success,  and  during  the  past  eight 
years,  it  has  aided  more  than  four  hundred  men  and  women  to  save 
and  invest  Seventy-five  Thousand  Dollars,  of  which  amount  about 
Twenty  Thousand  Dollars  has  been  advanced  to  the  Certificate  holders 
to  aid  them  in  times  of  financial  difi&culty. 

The  Company  has  aided  about  Two  Hundred  families  to  own  their 
homes,  giving  them  one  hundred  months  in  which  to  repay  the  loan. 

The  Company  issues  two  kinds  of  Certificates.  One  Certificate 
requires  the  monthly  payment,  or  deposit,  of  Eighty  Cents  for  each 
One  Hundred  Dollars  named  in  the  Certificate,  for  a  period  of  one 
hundred  months.  This  is  the  Wage-earners  Savings  Bank  Certificate. 
The  other  is  a  Full  Paid  Investment  Certificate  of  $ioo,  to  which  is 
attached  twenty  coupons,  payable  in  June  and  December.  This  Cer- 
tificate is  sold  for  $90  cash,  and  furnishes  a  six  per  cent  investment, 
free  of  tax,  which  is  paid  by  the  Company. 

All  Certificates  are  fully  secured  by  First  Mortgage  on  Residence 
Property,  and  form  one  of  the  safest  investments. 

GEORGE  ALLEN,  Secretary, 

22  PuUen  Building,  Rai^eigh,  N.  C. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH*.  37 

only  two-thirds  the  value  of  land  covered  by  the  origi- 
nal forest  growth.  The  price  of  the  whole  was 
£1,378,  or  |2,T56— £1  at  that  time  being  the  equivalent 
of  but  $2,  instead  of  |5,  as  now. 

The  -surveyor  employed  was  William  Christmas, 
State  Senator  from  Franklin  County,  who  agreed  to 
accept  in  full  compensation  for  his  services,  including 
six  copies  of  the  plan  of  the  city,  four  shillings,  or 
forty  cents  currency,  for  each  lot.  As  there  were  276- 
lots,  his  pay  amounted  to  |110.40. 


PLAN  OF  THE  CITY. 

The  work  of  the  survey  occupied  four  days.  The 
plan  was  adopted  on  the  4th  of  April,  1792,  the  com- 
missioners assigning  names  to  the  public  squares  and 
streets.  They  gave  the  name  Union  to  the  Capitol 
Square,  which  is  nearly  six  acres  in  extent.  Four 
other  squares,  of  four  acres  each,  they  called  in  honor 
of  the  first  three  Governors  of  our  State  under  the 
Constitution  of  1776,  and  of  the  Attorney-General, 
viz. :  Governor  Caswell,  Xash,  Burke,  and  Attorney- 
General  Moore.  Caswell  Square  is  the  site  of  the  In- 
stitution for  the  Blind;  Nash  is  opposite  the  Union 
Depot,  on  the  east;  Burke,  the  site  of  the  Governor's 
Mansion ;  Moore  is  in  the  southeastern  portion  of  the 
city,  and  bounded  by  Wilmington,  Martin,  Hargett 
and  Person  streets. 

In  naming  the  streets,  the  commissioners  first  hon- 
ored the  eii>'ht  judicial  districts  into  which  the  State 
was  divided,  viz. :  Those  of  Edenton,  New  Bern,  Wil- 
mington, Hillsboro,  Halifax,  Salisbury,  Fayette- 
ville  and  Morgan.  The  street  leading  from  the  centre 
of  Union  Square,  perpendicularly  thereto  toward  the 
north,  was  called  Halifax  street ;  that  to  the  east  New 


38  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH 

knMlliLli.HllllLlimlllllJh..illlllliiinllliLliiMillillinMllJilllnMiailJh,iMllil]lnMl^  lillUlMiillilliiiMllIll lllllllnMilillJl llllllmnlllLl llllilniilllt^ 


Up  =  to  =  Date  Undertakers 
and  embalmers  <^  <&  c  <h 

115  S.  WiLMiXGTo>'  Street, 
RALEIGH,    N.    O. 


iil||lliiiiiiifiiiiiii|]piiiiii|lj|[liiiiii(|piiiiiiil^i 


ifiiiiiiijpiii"iifiiiiiiiiirii'»iiifiiiiiiiifriiiiini 


mmmmmmmm-^^m^mmm^mmmm.^^mm-^mmmmm^m-^^^^mmm^^ . 


Tiowcrs 
and  Plants 


Cut  Flowers  of 

Rosest  Carnations  and 
other  choice  kinds  for 
all  occasions. 

Boquets  and  Floral  Designs 
at  short  notice. 

Palms,  Ferns  and  all  kinds 
of  pot  and  outdoor  bed- 
ding plants. 

Magnolias,    Evergreens  and    Shade   Trees.     Vegetable   Plants   in 
their  season. 

All  mail  or  telegraph  orders  promptly  attended  to. 

H.  STEINMETZ.  Florist  V  ^^hone  115 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  39 

Bern;  that  to  the  south  Fayetteville,  and  that  to  the 
west  Hillsboro.  These  are  99  feet,  all  the  others  are 
66  feet  wide,  their  width  being  prescribed  by  the  act 
of  1791. 

The  streets  running  east  and  west  along  the  north 
and  the  south  side  of  Union  Square,  were  called,  re- 
spectively, Edenton  and  Morgan.  Those  running 
north  and  south,  along  the  east  and  west  side,  were 
called,  respectively,  Wilmington  and  Salisbury. 

The  other  streets  ( with  the  exception  of  those  most 
remote  from  Union  Square,  which,  being  the  boundary 
streets,  were  called  North,  East,  South  and  West) 
were  named,  firstly,  after  the  nine  Commissioners  on 
Location.  This  left  four  streets.  In  naming  them, 
the  commissioners  concluded  to  compliment  the 
Speaker  of  the  Senate,  William  Lenoir;  the  Speaker 
of  the  House,  Stephen  Cabarrus ;  the  former  owner  of 
the  land,  Joel  Lane,  and  lastly.  General  William  Rich- 
ardson Davie. 

William  Lenoir  was  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 
He  was  in  the  Revolution,  and  further  distinguished 
as  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  State 
University.  An  eastern  town  and  western  county  are 
named  in  his  honor. 

Stephen  Cabarrus,  of  Chowan,  was  an  immigrant 
from  France,  and  for  several  years  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Commons.  He  was  a  man  much  beloved  by 
the  people  of  the  whole  State. 

Joel  Lane,  of  Wake,  had  represented  this  county  in 
the  Colonial  Assemblies,  the  State  Congress  and  the 
State  Senate. 

William  Richardson  Davie  was  a  gallant  cavalry 
officer  in  the  Revolution.  After  the  war  he  was  an 
eminent  lawyer,  and  renowned  as  an  advocate  of  edu- 
cation. As  a  delegate  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Con- 
stitutional Convention  of  1787  and  in  the  State  Con- 


40  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Carolina  Crust  Company 

gapital  stock  $100,000 
grnsts  ^  Zoans  ^  ffianhing  ^  Safe  deposits 

Transacts  a 

General  Banking  and  Savings 
Banking  Business.    ::    ::    :: 

Also  Acts  as  Financial  Agent  for  the  Floating  of 
Stocks  and  Bonds  of 

municipal    «    Railroad    ii    Kottoti  mills 

Hnd    Other    Corporations. 


Acts  as  Executor,  Administrator,  Guardian,  Trustee,  Assignee, 
Receiver,  Broker,  Agent. 

Interest  paid  on  Deposits  in  Savings  Department. 

"Home  Savings "  boxes,  strong  and  convenient,  furnished  with- 
out cost. 


Officers : 

W.  W  MILLS,  President. 

LEO  D.  HEARTT,  Vice  President  and  General  Manager. 
ROBERT  C.  STRONG,  Trust  Officer  and  General  Counsel. 
WILLIAM  HAYES,  Cashier. 


Directors  : 


JAMES  WEBB,  J.  D.  RIGGAN.  CHARLES  B.  HART 

ALEXANDER  WEBB,  JHLIUS  LEWIS,  LEO  D.  HEARTT, 

F.T.WARD,  W.W.MILLS,  ALLEN  J.  RUFFIN, 

W.  C.  PETTY,  P.  R.  ALBRIGHT.  ROBERT  C.  STRONG. 


OFFICES   IN 

Carolina  Crust  ffiuildin^  «  «  IRaktgb,  in«  C« 


IIIISTOUICAL  KALEIGH.  41 

ventions  of  17SS  and  1789  lie  was  an  advocate  of  the 
ratification  of  the  Federal  Constitution.  He  was  af- 
terwards Governor  of  the  State,  and,  on  the  prospect 
of  a  war  with  France,  was  appointed  by  President 
Adams  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  Army  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  selected  by  the  President  as  one  of 
the  three  special  envoys  to  France  who  succeeded  in 
averting-  the  war. 

Parallel  to  Edenton  and  Morgan  streets,  north  of 
the  capitol,  are  Jones  and  Lane ;  to  the  south,  Hargett, 
Martin,  Davie,  Cabarrus  and  Lenoir.  Parallel  to 
Wilmington  and  Salisbury  are,  to  the  east,  Blount, 
Person  and  BloodAvorth;  to  the  west,  McDowell,  Daw- 
son and  Harrington. 

The  commissioners  made  their  report  to  the  General 
Assembly  of  1792,  and  it  was  adopted.  It  was  en- 
acted that  ^^the  several  streets  represented  in  the  plan, 
and  the  public  square  whereon  the  Statehouse  is  to  be 
built,  shall  be  called  and  forever  known  by  the  names 
given  to  them  respectively  by  the  commissioners  afore- 
said." It  was  also  enacted  that  the  other  four  public 
squares  shall  be  called  and  known  by  the  names  of 
Caswell,  Moore,  Nash  and  Burke  squares,  but  the 
names  w^ere  not  made  irrepealable. 

The  following  is  the  original  plan :  Counting  the 
two  boundary  streets,  thero  are  from  north  to  south 
12  streets,  of  which  11  are  GG  feet  wide  and  one  99 
feet ;  from  east  to  west  there  are  11  streets,  of  which 
10  are  GG  feet  wide  and  one  99  feet.  From  north  to 
south  there  are  18  one-acre  lots ;  from  east  to  west  16 
one-acre  lots.  Including  the  boundary  streets,  the 
city  was  4,581  feet  from  north  to  south,  and  4,097  2-8 
from  east  to  west,  supposing  that  the  lots  are  208  2-:\ 
feet  square.  If  the  lots  are  210  feet  square,  as  they 
are  usually  estimated,  then  the  distance  is,  north  to 
south,  4,605  feet,  east  to  w^est  4,059. 


42 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


HICKS'  CAPUDINE 

CURES 

NEURALGIA,  LA  GRIPPE,  COLDS, 
SICK    HEADACHES,    ETCj^l^jSij^jSl^ 


Has  no  effect  on  the  heart  or  head,  and  does 
not  produce  a  habit.  Will  prevent  colds  if 
taken  immediateU' after  exposure.       ::      ::      :: 

SOLD  III  ALL  DRyG  SIES,  15. 25  fli  50  GfNIS  II BOIILE. 

AND  AT  FOUNTAINS. 


J    M.  BROUGHTON. 
T.  B.  MOSELEY. 


irick  houie  -  r^octern 


•iouse 

ow  lerh 
cW/0  douuble 

LOTS    TQK  rSAU'V 


ESTABLISHED    1888 


Real  Estate 

Ciif  Piooefiy  m  Forms 

Bought, 

Sold, 

Exchanged 

and  Rented 

to  ADVANTAGE. 

J.  M. 

BROUGHTON 

&>  CO., 
RALEIGH,    N.    C. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  43 

The  plan  was  not,  lioAvever,  a  perfect  rectangle.  Be- 
tween Lane  and  North  streets,  at  the  northeast  and 
northwest  corners,  were  left  out  three  lots  of  one  acre 
each,  and  between  Lenoir  and  South  streets,  at  the 
southeast  and  southwest  corners,  were  left  out  three 
lots  of  one  acre  each,  or  a  total  of  twelve  acres.  There 
were,  therefore,  only  ten  lots  fronting  on  North  and 
ten  fronting  on  South  street. 

All  the  public  squares  are  four  acres  each,  except 
Union,  which  is  about  six  acres.  All  the  private 
squares  are  four  acres  each,  except  those  along  Hills- 
boro  street  and  New  Bern  Avenue  on  both  sides,  those 
along  Halifax  and  Fayetteville  streets  on  both  sides, 
and  those  along  North,  East,  South  and  West  streets 
(within  the  original  corporate  limits),  which  are  not, 
mathematically  speaking,  squares,  but  rectangles  of 
two  acres  each.  The  acres  as  laid  out  by  surveyor 
Christmas  were  each  208  2-3  feet  square  (the  true 
acre),  but  the  conventional  acre  of  210  feet  square  has 
been  adopted  practically.  This  departure  and  the 
variation  of  the  compass  since  have  caused  consider- 
able confusion  in  the  boundaries  of  lots  and  streets. 

The  city,  as  thus  laid  off,  contained  400  acres,  ar- 
ranged in  five  squares  of  four  acres  each,  and  276  lots 
of  one  acre  each. 

Joel  Lane  deserved  the  honor  of  having  a  street 
named  after  him,  not  only  because  he  was  the  owner 
of  the  site,  but  because  of  his  military  services  as  colo- 
nel of  militia,  and  his  representing  the  county  of 
Wake  in  the  Colonial  Assemblies,  the  State  Con- 
gresses and  the  State  Senate,  and  whose  ancestors  had 
been  useful  citizens  in  the  Albemarle  country  and 
then  in  Halifax.  The  grandsons  of  his  brother  Jesse 
Lane  became  eminent  in  distant  States.  General  Jo- 
seph Lane  was  Federal  Senator  from  Oregon,  and  can- 
didate for  the  Vice-Presidency  on  the  Breckinridge 


44  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

k  &j&;&a>  :&:&;ata  aiA;aiA  A;aiSk2k  aidk«^A&  « 


I  John  C.  Dretpri),  f 


RALEIGH,  N.  C. 


I 


...State  Hpent... 

7T% 


$     The    Best,    Largest    and    Strongest    Life    and     % 
Fire  Insurance  Companies  Represented. 5^ 5=. 5*5*     * 


^^:$:$:jg:€«^:^:€:€€€$:€€€€€€€€€^€€€$:«€^:^$:€€€€€€€^ 


HISTOIUCAL  RALEIGH.  45 

ticket;  George  W.  Lane  was  District  Judge 
of  the  United  States  for  Alabama.  Joel  Lane's  de- 
scendants, through  his  son  Henry — two  of  whose 
daughters  married  the  eminent  lawyer,  Moses  Morde- 
cai— are  still  among  us.  One  of  these  is  Samuel  F. 
Mordecai,  Esq.,  of  the  Raleigh  Bar,  who  properly 
ranks  with  the  ablest  law^yers  in  the  State. 

The  plan  of  the  city  thus  laid  out  and  adopted  by 
the  General  Assembly  continued  unchanged  for  over 
sixty  years.  The  area  was  one  square  mile,  but  by  the 
acts  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1856-'57,  the  corpor- 
ate limits  were  extended  one-fourth  of  a  mile  each 
way.  Within  this  new  part  other  streets  have  been 
opened :  In  the  eastern  part  Swain  street,  after  Da- 
vid L.  Swain,  who  held  the  posts  of  legislator.  Solici- 
tor, Judge,  Governor,  and  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity; Linden  Avenue,  a  fancy  name;  Watson,  Hay- 
^\ood  and  Elm  streets;  Oakwood  Avenue.  West 
of  the  capitol,  Boylan  Avenue,  after  William  Boy- 
Ian;  Saunders  street,  after  Eomulus  M.  Saunders, 
long  a  public  servant  as  member  of  our  General  As- 
sembly and  of  Congress,  Judge,  and  Minister  to  Spain. 
Xorth  of  the  capitol  are  Peace  street,  after  William 
Peace,  a  leading  merchant  for  many  years,  and  after 
whom  Peace  Institute  is  named ;  Betts  street ;  Johnson 
street,  after  Albert  Johnson,  connected  with  the  Ra- 
leigh and  Gaston  Railroad  from  its  completion  to  a 
few  years  ago  as  superintendent  of  shops  and  superin- 
tendent of  the  road;  Polk  street,  after  Col.  William 
Polk;  and  Tucker  street.  South  of  the  capitol  are 
Smithfield  street,  after  the  town  of  Smithfield ;  Can- 
non street,  after  Robert  Cannon,  once  a  leading  citi- 
zen and  owner  of  the  land  through  which  it  runs;  Bat- 
tle street,  after  Hon.  Kemp  P.  Battle,  Professor  of 
History,  University  of  North  Carolina;  Manly  street, 
after  Charles  Manlv,  Governor,  and  for  many  years 


46 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


ii|illlill]niMlll[l:i.NlllllillirllliiLll'iMlllllllllll[lllj IlllllllirMljlljIlill 


JOLLY  &  WYNNE 
JEWELRY    CO. 

128  FAYETTEVILLE  STREET 

Jewelers  and  Opticians 


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s^^lKlu 

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H^^|u^:;;y^ 

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v> 

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1  Fine  iUatch  and  Jewelry  Repairina 


If  there  is  an3lhing  the  matter  with  your 
eyes  or  3-our  glasses,  let  us  make  them  right. 
No  charge 'for  examination.     :;     ::     ::     ::     :: 

Jolly  &  Wynne  Jemelry  Co. 


%iiiii(fii!'iiipiii"ilfi"iui||piiiin|]yiliiinlT;piiiiil|flliiiilf.i"ilfii''il||pii 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  47 

identified  with  the  University  as  its  Secretary  and 
Treasurer ;  Fowle  street,  after  our  distinguished  Gov- 
ernor, whose  sudden  death  was  such  a  shock  to  our 
State;  Blake  street,  after  the  late  John  C.  Blake; 
Pugh  street,  after  John  Pugh  Haywood ;  Worth,  Hun- 
ter, Jenkins,  Railroad,  McKee,  Canister  and  Grape 
streets. 

FIRST  SALE  OF  LOTS. 

The  same  commissioners  who  located  the  city  made 
the  first  sale  of  lots,  one  acre  each.  The  square  on 
which  Dr.  Hogg  lives,  bought  by  General  Davie, 
brought  |254 — the  two  lots  fronting  on  Wilmington 
street,  |60  each ;  the  two  others  on  Blount  street  |66 
and  |68  respectively.  The  lot  (No.  211)  on  which  the 
Supreme  Court  and  Agricultural  Buildings  are  situ- 
ate brought  |263.  At  this  sale.  Treasurer  John  Hay- 
wood— grandfather  of  Mr.  Ernest  Haywood — pur- 
chased the  site  on  which  the  latter  now  resides  (on 
New  Bern  Avenue),  and  in  1793  erected  thereon  the 
house  which  has  been  the  residence  of  the  Haywood 
family  to  this  day. 

Raleigh  is  situated  about  the  centre  of  the  State, 
and  is  in  latitude  35  degrees  47  minutes  north,  longi- 
tude 78  degrees  48  minutes  Avest,  a  little  to  the  north- 
east of  the  geographical  centre  of  the  State.  It  is  lo- 
cated in  a  gently-rolling  region  of  the  oldest  Lauren- 
tian  system.  Average  temperature:  Spring,  58.7; 
summer,  77.6 ;  autumn,  61.0 ;  winter,  43.2 — comparing 
favorably  with  Los  Angeles,  Mexico,  Naples  and 
Rome.  During  the  Civil  War  it  was  designated  by  a 
board  of  eminent  surgeons,  appointed  to  select  sites 
for  hospitals,  as  one  of  the  several  sites  in  the  State 
most  suitable  for  that  purpose,  because  of  its  remark- 
able salubrious  climate,  combining  as  far  as  possible 
all  influences  conducive  to  convalescence  of  invalids 


48  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


Iiotel  Dorsett 


FAYETTEVILLE 
STREET    «^     ^ 

RALEIGH,  NORTH   CAROLINA. 


"*%       CENTRALLY        ^ 

%»      LOCATED  ^  \^ 

$     N    E  W    L    Y  f. 

^    FURNISHED  fl^ 


-='^^^'"2^^^^ 


The  best  Two  Dollar  hotel  in  the  State. 
Best  table,  best  rooms,  best  service,  and 
the  most  courteous  consideration  for 
guests  and  visitors.      :  :      :  :      :  :      :  :      :  : 


W.  L.  DORSETT      S.     5.     ?.     5.     Proprietor. 
W.  W.  NEWMAN    ?.      5.     ?.     ?.     Manager. 


HLSTOKICAL  RALEIGH.  49 

and  health  of  attendants.  The  fine  old  trees  which 
were  spared  by  the  original  settlers,  but  rapidly  dis- 
appearing with  city  improvements,  gave  it  the  sobri- 
quet of  the  "City  of  Oaks.'' 

At  the  southeast  corner  of  the  Capitol  Square  it  will 
be  observed  there  are  three  large  stones  set  in  the 
earth,  being  about  four  feet  apart,  and  all  aparently 
three  feet  in  height.  Between  two  of  these  stones,  and 
nearly  level  therewith,  is  another  though  smaller 
stone,  into  which  is  cut  a  cross  mark,  representing  the 
points  of  the  compass.  The  question  is  frequently 
asked  concerning  the  significance  of  these  stones  and 
mark.  The  answer  is  found  in  the  above  reference  to 
the  longitude  and  latitude  of  the  city.  This  was  offi- 
cially determined  many  years  ago  under  direction  of 
the  United  States  Geodetic  Survey,  and  these  stones 
were  then  erected  to  mark  the  spot  from  which  the 
officials  took  their  reckoning. 

The  altitude  of  Raleigh  is  363  feet,  denoted  by  an  in- 
scription on  a  small  copper  plate,  set  in  the  corner- 
stone of  the  capitol,  on  the  north  side  of  the  building. 
This  was  authorized  by  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey,  which,  through  its  Engineer,  Mr.  W.  Carvel 
Hall,  obtained  permission  from  Governor  Carr,  in 
1796,  to  make  a  permanent  record  of  this  fact  in  the 
manner  above  mentioned. 


TME  FIRST  STATEHOUSE. 

The  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  1792  were  used  in  build- 
ing the  first  Statehouse.  The  more  ambitious  term 
"capitoP'  was  not  adopted  until  1832.  In  November, 
1791,  the  General  Assembly  met  in  it  for  the  first  time. 
Richard  Dobbs  Spaight  was  then  Governor.  He  was 
killed  in  a  duel  eight  years  thereafter  by  John  Stanly. 


50 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


BIT 


iiiiifiiii»iipiii"iyi"iil|pii''i'ilTPi''''if'i'"ifi''''''iTTP'''^^ 


ESTABLISHED  1875 


Walter  Woollcott 


RALEIGH 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


The  Oldest   Dry  Goods  House  in  Raleigh 


We  keep  full  stock  Dr}-  Goods,  Shoes 
and    Milliner3\       ::      ::      ::     ::      ::      :: 

Out-of-town  business  receives  prompt 
attention.    ::      ::      ::      ::      ::     ::      ::      :: 


Jl   jSl    Institutions  furnished  at  Low  Prices    jSl   ^ 

^in|ililli:in.l:!iiirijllllni,i!ili,MiilJl[i|iiiiililln,iilJl[lim^iljil]imHlllllii.ni^ rlHljii,iiiliil]|i,iiilJlLlNMMlilli  iillllll Ullj|iiiiililLlinillllljli.iililiLll..iill]lljli;.illllLlniii 


It  luill  gicc  us 


Jlli'JlJl'  Ii'R       pleasure    to 
— T— rL-rL_fi__n_     examine  your 

dravDings  and 
to   furnish 

terms.     ::    ::    :: 


-ehe 

J.T.Jones  Sheet  Metss.!  Works, 

RALEIGH,  N.   C. 

Slate.  Tin    and    Iron    Roofers 

and  Manufacturers  of 

OFoomeotai  coroices,  Skyiiis,  oofl  on  mt  oi  orooifleotai  m\  «eiQi  m 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  51 

The  old  Statehouse  was  smaller  than  the  present 
structure,  but  the  arrangement  of  the  interior  said  to 
be  about  the  same.  The  exterior  was  very  plain.  It 
was  built  of  brick,  made  at  the  State  brick-yards, 
which  were  situated  on  the  northwest  and  southwest 
corners  of  Harrington  and  Hargett  streets.  These 
sites  had  been  reserved  for  that  purpose  at  the  origi- 
nal sale  of  lots. 

It  was  intended  that  the  Statehouse  (as  it  was  then 
called  in  the  act  of  Assembly — a  name  taken  from  the 
United  States  of  Holland)  should  front  toward  the 
east — "Orientalization"  at  that  time  being  all  the 
fashion.  It  was  therefore  built  so  as  to  look  down 
New  Bern  Avenue  in  one  direction,  and  Hillsboro 
street  towards  the  west.  This  was  continued  when 
the  present  stone  structure  replaced  the  old.  The 
same  supposed  necessity  to  front  towards  Jerusalem, 
says  Dr.  Kemp  Battle,  prompted  the  eminent  French 
engineer,  with  the  assent  of  Washington  and  other 
great  officers,  to  plan  the  city  of  Washington  with  the 
capitol  looking  eastward. 

As  there  was  no  other  public  hall  in  the  city,  it  is 
said  the  authorities  were  generous  in  opening  the 
passages  of  the  Statehouse  below  and  halls  above  for 
Fourth  of  July  dinners,  theatrical  performances, 
balls,  and  for  religious  services  of  all  denominations. 

In  1819,  five  commissioners  were  appointed  to  sell 
all  the  public  lands  remaining  unsold,  except  a  tract 
not  exceeding  twenty  acres,  to  be  reserved  for  the  rock 
quarry,  and  except  the  reservations  at  the  corners 
of  the  city.  The  "Mordecai  Grove,''  as  it  was  called 
for  many  years,  northeast  of  the  city  limits,  owing  to 
the  spirited  competition  between  Moses  Mordecai,  the 
successful  bidder,  and  Col.  William  Polk,  brought  the 
unheard  of  price  of  |100  per  acre.  The  lots  near  the 
city  on  the  east  and  southeast  averaged  about  f  50  per 


52  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


JoI\i\  I^.  bail 


Dealer  in 


No.  117  EAST  IVIARXIN  STREET. 


Cash    and    Installment    House. 


M.  BOWES  linnTII    OTHTr  A.  T.  KUESTER. 


MM  8111[ 

! 


Repairing  of  Gas  and  Oil  Motors 
Promptly  Attended  to.  5=.  5^  5*  ft.  ^. 

206  South  Salisbury  Street,  RALEIGH.  N.  C. 


Globe  Clothing  House 

CORNER  WILMINGTON  STREET  AND  EXCHANGE  PLACE 
OPPOSITE  MARKET  HOUSE. 

if ine  1fica(ly=ma(lc  Mzn%  youth's  and  Cbildren's  Clotbittfl. 

Sample  and  Union-made  Shoes 
a  Specialty.  it 

Hats,  Gent's  Furnishings,  etc.,  J,  j\/I.  KOHN, 

altcays  on  hand.  *       'proprietor. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  53 

acre.     The  proceeds  of  this  sale  were  directed  to  be 
used  iu  improving  the  Statehouse. 

The  improvements  were  designed  by  and  executed 
under  the  supervision  of  Capt.  William  Nichols  ( Avho 
had  been  recently  appointed  State  Architect),  and 
completed  early  in  the  summer  of  1822.  He  was  a 
skillful  and  experienced  artist,  and  made  the  public 
greatly  his  debtor  for  decided  impulse  given  to  archi- 
tectural improvements  throughout  the  State,  in  pri- 
vate as  well  as  in  public  edifices.  The  construction 
of  the  dome,  the  erection  of  the  east  and  west  porti- 
coes, the  additional  elevation  and  covering  of  stucco 
given  to  the  dingy  exterior  walls,  the  improvement  of 
the  interior,  and  especially  the  location  of  the  statue 
of  Washington,  fro^n  the  chisel  of  Canova,  di- 
rectly under  the  apc^x  of  the  dome,  converted  the 
renovated  capitol  into  a  sightly  and  most  attractive 
edifice.  There  were  l)ut  few  of  the  better  class  of 
travellers  who  did  not  pause  on  their  passage  through 
Raleigh  to  behold  and  admire  it. 


ERECTION  OF  TME  GOVERNOR'S  "PALACE." 

The  main  body  of  the  six  hundred  acres  of  land,  re- 
tained after  the  first  sale,  lay  to  the  east  of  Raleigh. 
I'here  were  fragments  lying  to  the  south,  west  and 
north  of  the  old  corporate  limits.  For  the  purpose  of 
providing  better  accommodations  for  the  Governor, 
who  had  occupied  a  plain  residence  of  wood  on  the  lot 
where  the  National  Bank  of  Raleigh  now  stands,  the 
General  Assembly  of  1813  ordered  the  sale  of  those 
portions  described  as  extending  from  Sugg's  branch 
on  the  southeast  of  the  city,  all  south  around  the  Pal- 
ace lot  and  west  to  the  extreme  northwest  of  the  city, 
comprising  about  one  hundred  and  eighty-four  acres. 


54  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

SUCCESSORS    TO 

JULIUS  LEWIS  HARDWARE  CO. 

RALEIGH,  N.  C. 

Distvibuting  Agent,       g^fgjjjjfp      ^^^    ^^    „|gy    gpj    „|j(j[)    p,||n|j 

BEST  ON    EARTH. 

All-Right  Cook  Stoves,  the  same  your  mother  used,  better  than  ever. 
Your  money  back  if  goods  not  exactly  as  represented. 

EVERYTHING  IN  HARDWARE. 


J.  B.  GREEN   &»  CO. 

(3rocene8, 

EAST  HARGETT  STREET,  RALEIGH,  N.  C. 

Agents 
SOVEREIGN  JAVA  AND  MOCHA  COFFEE. 

THREE  DRUGSTORES 

The  OLDEST  Drug  Store  in  Raleigh  is  KING'S, 

corner  of  Favetteville  and  Hargett  Streets. 
The  NEWEST  D'rug  Store  in  Raleigh  is  KING'S, 

near  A.  and  M.  College. 
The  BIGGEST  Drug  Store  in  Raleigh  is  KING'S, 

corner  Martin  and  Wilmington  Streets. 
Take  3'our  choice.     At  either  store  3^ou  get  prompt 

service,  reasonable  prices  and  "King  Quality.  " 

W.  H.  KING  DRUG  CO..  Raleigh,  N.  C 


IIISTOKICAL  KALEIGH.  55 

The  prices  paid  were  low,  for  the  reason  that  the  War 
of  1812  was  then  raging.  Eight  acres  at  the  foot  of 
Fayetteville  street  were  reserved  for  the  Governor's 
residence.  Other  reservations  were  the  Rex  Spring, 
near  the  Raleigh  and  Gaston  depot,  the  spring  near 
the  Governor's  Mansion,  and  that  near  the  Colored 
Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution. 

At  this  sale,  John  Rex,  the  philanthropist,  bought 
for  |481  fifteen  and  a  half  acres  of  land  in  the  south- 
west part  of  the  city,  afterwards  devised  by  him,  with 
other  property,  for  a  hospital  for  the  sick  and  afflicted 
poor  of  the  city. 

The  proceeds  of  sale  were  devoted  to  the  building, 
under  the  superintendence  of  one  Calder,  as  architect, 
of  the  Governor's  'Talace,"  at  the  foot  of  Fayetteville 
street,  which  was  afterwards,  in  1876,  sold  to  the  city 
of  Raleigh,  and  the  brick  composing  it  used  in  the 
construction  of  the  Centennial  Graded  School.  Al- 
though outwardly  plain  and  inwardly  uncomfortable, 
it  was  considered  grand  on  account  of  the  magnitude 
of  its  halls  and  chambers,  and  was,  therefore,  in  imita- 
tion of  Tryon's  residence,  in  New  Bern,  styled  "The 
Palace."  The  first  occupant  was  Governor  William 
Miller,  of  Warren. 

Until  1794  the  Chief  Executive  was  not  required  to 
reside  in  Raleigh,  but  in  that  year  the  General  Assem- 
bly required  Ashe  and  future  Governors  to  spend  at 
least  six  months  within  its  limits,  exclusive  of  the 
time  occupied  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  ordered 
that  they  should  advertise  the  period  of  their  sojourn 
in  all  the  gazettes  of  the  State.  Four  years  later,  in 
1798,  when  Davie  was  Governor  (doubtless  with  his 
approval,  as  he  had  purchased  eligible  Raleigh  lots), 
an  act  was  passed  requiring  the  Governor  to  make  the 
city  of  Raleigh  his  "place  of  common  residence." 
Whenever  he  should  leave  his  home  for  over  ten  days 


56  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

PATRONIZE 

Watson's  Photograph  Gallery 

Satisfactory   Results. 
Special  Efforts  to  Please  Every   Patron. 

W.  C.  McMACKIN.  V.  S., 

MEMBER  OF  THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  VETERINARY  AND  MEDICAL 
ASSOCIATION, 

RALEIGH,  N.  C 
OFHCE  AND  HOSPITAL,  UO  SOUTH  SALISBURY  STREET. 

TELEPHONE  214D. 


O.  G.  KING, 

Pharmacist 

CORNER  WILMINGTON   AND   HARGETT    STREETS, 


Only  the  Purest  Drugs  DATCTi^u      xt      r^ 

and  Chemicals  employed.  KALlilvirl,     IN.    \^, 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  57 

he  must  give  notice  by  advertisement  in  the  gazettes, 
and  his  private  secretary  was  required  to  keep  the 
Executive  office  open  during  his  absence. 


BURNING  OF  ThjE  STATEh|OUSE. 

On  the  morning  of  a  bright  summer  day,  the  21st  of 
June,  1831,  the  citizens  rising  from  their  breakfasts 
were  startled  with  the  cry  of  ^^Fire!''  Volumes  of 
smoke  were  seen  issuing  from  the  ventilators  under 
the  roof  of  the  capitol.  As  the  fire  descended  from  the 
roof,  where  it  had  been  kindled  by  the  carelessness  of 
a  workman,  there  was  ample  time  for  saving  most  of 
the  State  papers,  but  all  the  acts  of  Assembly  were 
destroyed.  In  the  excitement,  although  there  were 
numerous  willing  hands,  their  strength  could  not  be 
organized  for  removing  the  ponderous  Washington 
statue.  It  is  said  old  citizens  never  forgot  their  hor- 
ror as  they  gazed  on  the  beautiful  marble,  white  hot 
and  crumbling,  among  the  forked  tongues  of  flame, 
then  shattered  into  fragments  as  the  blazing  timbers 
fell.  Portions  of  the  statue,  including  the  body  and 
some  of  the  pedestal,  are  now  preserved  in  the  State 
Museum. 

This  statue  was  of  Carara  marble,  and  was  brought 
bv  water  to  Fayetteville,  and  thence  by  mule  power 
to  Kaleigh.  It  is  said  to  have  been  escorted  into  the 
city  in  grand  style  by  the  "Kaleigh  Blues,''  the  first 
military  company  organized  at  the  capital. 

The  magnificent  oil  painting  of  George  Washington 
which  now  hangs  on  the  eastern  wall  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  was  in  the  burning  building,  and  the 
only  valuable  that  was  rescued  from  the  flames. 
5 


58  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


EXCELLENT  TASTE 

SHOWN  IN  THE 
SELECTION  OF 


MEANS  AN  ATTRACTIVE  HOME. 

There  are  hundreds  of  such  homes  in  North 
Carolina  which  have  been  furnished  b}'  us. 
Such  taste  and  discrimination  does  not  neces- 
saril}-  mean  a  large  outla}-  of  mone}',  for  we 
have  Furniture  designed  after  the  time  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh  down  to  the  most  modern,  at 
moderate  as  well  as  at  high  prices. 

It's  the  knowing  Where  to  Buy  I 

If  \'ou  visit  our  store  You  Will  Know  ! 

Mail  Orders  prompth^  attended  to. 

IRoyall  ^  ffiorden  ipurniture  Co*, 

CjRNER  WILMINGTON  AND  HARGETT 
STREETS, 

RALEIGH,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  59 

The  handsome  bronze  statue  of  Washington,  which 
stands  at  the  south  front  of  the  eapitol,  was  erected 
in  1857.  Other  monuments  are  the  speaking  bronze 
statue  of  Zebulon  V.  Vance,  unveiled  August  22, 1900, 
the  cost  of  which  was  |7,000,  and  the  Confederate 
Monument,  erected  in  1895,  costing  $28,000. 

From  the  time  of  the  burning  of  the  old  till  the  erec- 
tion of  a  new  eapitol,  the  sessions  of  the  General  As- 
sembly were  usually  held  in  the  Governor's  "Palace.'' 


THE  NEW  CAPITOL. 

The  narrow  escape  from  losing  the  archives  of  the 
State,  experienced  in  the  burning  of  the  first  eapitol, 
determined  the  leaders  of  public  opinion  to  provide 
the  present  noble  fire-proof  structure  of  granite. 
There  was  formidable  opposition  to  a  liberal  appro- 
priation. A  convention  was  expected  to  be  called  in 
order  to  secure  changes  in  the  Constitution,  and  the 
effort  to  have  the  seat  of  government  at  another  point 
Avas  resumed.  Tradition  says  that  Haywood,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Cape  Fear  and  HaAv,  lacked  only  one 
vote  to  defeat  Raleigh.  The  record  does  not  support 
this,  as  the  bill  to  appropriate  |50.000  for  rebuilding 
on  the  old  site  passed  by  73  to  60  in  the  House  and  35 
to  28  in  the  Senate. 

In  considering  the  amount  it  should  appropriate  for 
rebuilding  the  eapitol,  the  General  Assembly  at  first 
thought  150,000  quite  sufficient,  and  that  was  the 
amount  appropriated.  The  commissioners  having 
charge  of  the  erection  of  the  building,  soon  discovered 
this  amount  would  barely  pay  for  the  completion  of 
the  foundation  alone.  They  accordingly  expended  the 
entire  sum,  although  apparently  there  was  no  warrant 
of  law  for  so  doing.     However,  the  act  granting  the 


60  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

B.   W. 
UPCHURCH'S 

MODERN  GASH  GROCERY 


THREE  STORES  IN  ONE  AND  THE 
MOST  ATTRACTIVE  IN  THE  CITY 


notbiwfl  but  the  Best  goods  fjatidlcd. 

We  invite  3'ou  to  call. 

Mail  Orders  promptl}'  filled. 

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No.  15  E.  Hargetx  Street, 

N.    C. 


HISTORICAL  KALEIGH.  61 

a])propriation  was  construed  in  favor  of  their  action, 
and  sufficient  additional  sums;  amounting  in  the  ag- 
gregate to  1530,684.15,  appropriated  to  complete  one 
of  the  most  imposing  edifices  of  the  kind  to  be  found 
anywhere,  at  that  time  at  least,  in  the  United  States. 

Two  architects  were  consulted — William  Nichols 
(who  repaired  the  old  building  in  1820)  and  Ithiel 
Town,  of  New  York.  The  latter  acted  for  a  short 
wliile  as  the  chief  director,  but  soon  his  services  were 
dispensed  with  and  the  work  was  left  to  W.  S.  Drum- 
mond.  Col.  Thomas  Bragg,  father  of  Governor  Bragg, 
and  David  Paton,  superintendents  of  different 
branches.  Paton  was  the  chief  draughtsman.  Of  the 
skilled  laborers  emploved  from  time  to  time  somp  ^p^- 
tled  in  Raleigh,  and  their  descendants  are  among  our 
best  citizens. 

William  Stronach,  father  of  Messrs.  A.  B.,  Frank, 
and  the  late  Geo.  T.  and  Wm.  C.  Stronach,  w^as  the 
contractor  for  the  foundation.  The  late  Patrick  Mc- 
Gowan,  at  that  time  working  at  his  trade  as  a  stone-' 
mason,  was  also  engaged  on  the  work.  Silas  Burns, 
A^'ho  for  many  years  was  the  proprietor  of  the  onlv 
foundry  here,  was  later  given  the  contract  for  con- 
structing the  iron  fence.  This  last  was  removed  in 
1898,  and  now  encloses  the  old  City  Cemetery. 

Mr.  Burns  was  the  father  of  Mrt^.  Juo.  W.  Cole,  now 
living  in  the  northern  suburbs  of  Kaleigh. 

The  new  building  was  completed  in  1840.  It  is  160 
feet  in  length  from  north  to  south,  by  140  feet  from 
east  to  west.  The  whole  height  is  97  1-2  feet  in  the 
centre.  The  apex  of  pediment  is  64  feet  in  height. 
The  stylobate  is  18  feet  in  height.  The  columns  of 
the  east  and  west  porticoes  are  5  feet  2  1-2  inches  in 
diameter.  An  entablature,  including  blocking  course, 
is  continued  around  the  building,  12  feet  high. 


62  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

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George  N.  Walters 


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No.  115  Fagetteoille  Street,  RALEIGH,  N.  C 

^iii"ii;f|^ii'i'i:]»|iiii':iiT^i»ni!]|;;iiii.yiniiTy'|i!iiii|yiiihM!yii.ii^ 

31  YEARS  IN  THE  SAME  BUSINESS 
«?  IN  THE  CITY  OF    RALEIGH  -*? 


I  EDWARDS  @  BROUGHTON  I 


Pn  titers 
Binders 
Blank  Book  manufacturers 


# 


From  the  beginuing  doing  first-class  work,  with  special 
attention    to    quick    delivery    and    entire    satisfaction. 

M^\ye  are  still  on  hand  to  serve  all  who 
may  want  any  kind  of  printing  or  binding 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  63 

The  columns  and  entablature  are  Grecian  Doric, 
and  copied  from  the  Temple  of  Minerva,  commonly 
called  the  Parthenon,  which  was  erected  in  Athens 
about  500  years  before  Christ.  An  octagon  tower  sur- 
rounds the  rotunda,  which  is  ornamented  with  Gre- 
cian cornice,  etc.,  and  its  dome  is  decorated  at  top 
with  a  similar  ornament  to  that  of  the  Choragic  Mon- 
ument of  Lysicrates,  commonly  called  the  Lanthorn  of 
Demosthenes. 

Governor  Swain,  who  was  then  Chief  Magistrate, 
laid  the  corner-stone  on  July  4,  1833. 

Note. — In  the  preparation  of  som;-  of  the  foresjoini^  articles  the 
author  has  availed  himself  of  the  several  very  able  and  interesting 
papers  heretofore  published  from  the  pen  of  don.  Kemp  P.  Battle, 
to  whom  he  desires,  in  this  manner,  to  return  thanks  for  the  per- 
mission granted. 


FIRST  CITY  GOVERNMENT. 

The  first  act  for  the  government  of  the  city  was 
passed  February  7,  1795.  The  act  did  not  vest  the 
control  of  the  city  with  its  citizens.  Seven  ap- 
pointees of  the  General  Assembly,  styled  Commission- 
ers (the  usual  name  for  public  agents  appointed  for 
special  purposes)  were  vested  with  the  government 
for  three  years.  When  their  term  was  about  to  ex- 
pire in  1797,  it  was  renewed.  In  1801,  there  was  a 
similar  renewal,  and  three  others  were  appointed  "as 
additional  and  permanent  Commissioners. '^  Only  in 
case  of  death,  refusal  or  resignation  could  the  citizens 
have  a  vote  to  fill  the  vacancy.  These  Commissioners 
were  vested  with  the  right  to  make  laws  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  city,  and  also  to  choose  an  Intendant 
of  Police,  charged  with  the  execution  of  the  laws,  and 
also  a  Treasurer,  out  of  their  number,  to  hold  office 
for  one  year,  and  a  Clerk  to  hold  during  good  behav- 


64 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


THAT    TRADE-MARK   ON    EVERY    BAG 
GUARANTEES  SATISFACTORY  RESULTS 

15  BRANDS 

For  all  Crops,  Soils  and  Conditions 


WRITE     us     OR     ASK     YOUR 
DEALER  FOR  TESTIMONIALS 


SOLD    EVERYWHERE 


8 


PHOSPHATE 

AND 
FERTILIZER 


RALEIGH,  >sr.  C. 


IIISTOKICAL  KALKKJII,  G5 

ior.  The  Intendant  held  his  office  indefinitely,  as  did 
the  Commissioners.  None  of  these  officers  were  re- 
quired to  be  residents  of  the  city,  and  some  of  them 
are  known  not  to  have  been  such.  Raleigh,  therefore, 
for  the  first  few  years  of  its  life  was  very  far  from  be- 
ing free.  No  evil,  hoAvever,  resulted  to  the  people 
from  this  long  withholding  of  their  freedom,  because 
the  Commissioners  were  men  of  wisdom  and  fairness. 
They  were  John  Haywood,  Dugald  McKeethan,  John 
Marshall,  John  Rogers,  John  Pain,  James  Mares  and 
John  Craven,  Avho  were  properly  the  first  City  Fa- 
thers. Those  added  in  1797  were  Joshua  Sugg,  Wil- 
liam Polk  and  Theophilus  Hunter.  John  Rogers  was 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  Wake,  and  was  a 
non-resident.  Joshua  Sugg,  William  Polk  and  The- 
ophilus Hunter,  though  OAvners  of  lots  in  the  corpor- 
ate limits,  did  not  reside  therein. 

John  Haywood,  who  was  elected  by  them  "Intend- 
ant of  Police,"  was  the  first  chief  executive  officer.  It 
Avas  not  until  1803,  elcA  en  years  after  the  sale  of  lots, 
that,  in  the  judgment  of  the  General  Assembly,  the 
city  AA^as  sufficiently  populous  to  supply  officers  whose 
homes  must  be  in  the  city  limits.  A  regular  charter 
was  granted.  The  Commissioners,  seven  in  number, 
as  well  as  the  Intendant  of  Police,  were  to  be  elected 
by  freemen  having  the  qualification  of  residence  and 
of  owning  land  within  the  city.  Free  negroes  were 
included  among  the  freemen. 

The  name  of  Mayor  was  not  adopted  until  1856. 
The  name  Commissioners  gave  way  to  the  word  Alder- 
men in  1875. 

The  Commissioners  claimed  the  right  to  force  the 
citizens  to  patrol  the  city  at  night,  distributing  them 
for  the  purpose  into  twenty  classes  of  six  each,  one 
of  the  number  being  captain.  When  the  public  mind 
was  disturbed   bv   frantic    terrors   of  insurrections 


66  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

among  the  slaves,  as  it  was  during  the  alleged  insur- 
rection headed  by  Frank  Sumner  in  1802,  and  the  Nat 
Turner  atrocities  of  1831,  there  was  no  difficulty  in 
procuring  efficient  action  by  this  unpaid  police.  But 
in  tranquil  times  the  penalty  of  one  dollar  fine  for 
non-attendance,  authorized  in  1814,  became  necessary. 
It  was  the  "fashion,  however,  to  avoid  the  penalty  by 
hiring  substitutes,  some  men  almost  making  a  living 
by  taking  the  places  of  sleep-loving  principals.  Slaves 
not  on  their  owners'  premises  vrere  required  to  have 
written  "passes,"  as  they  were  called,  after  a  designa- 
ted early  hour  of  the  night,  on  the  penalty  of  receiving 
a  whipping  for  the  lack  thereof,  and  also  of  being 
locked  up  if  their  behavior  led  to  suspicion  or  crime. 
The  adventures  of  the  night-watch  and  their  morning 
report  were  a  notable  part  of  the  gossip  of  the  com- 
munity. There  were  no  policemen  or  day  watchmen 
at  all,  one  man,  called  the  constable,  being  regarded 
sufficient  to  keep  order  during  the  day. 

The  city  comprised  but  three  wards  until  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  18T4-'75  divided  it  into  five.  This 
continued  until  1895,  when  it  was  changed  to  four. 

The  following  have  been  the  chief  officers  of  the 
city,  either  as  Intendants  of  Police,  or  Mayor,  as  the 
case  may  be :  John  Haywood,  Wm.  White,  Wm.  Hill, 
Dr.  Calvin  Jones,  John  Marshall.  Jno.  S.  Eobeteau, 
Sterling  Yancey,  Joseph  Gales,  Weston  R.  Gales, 
Wm.  0.  Carrington,  Thomas  Loring,  Wm.  Dallas 
Haywood,  Wm.  H.  Harrison,  C.  B.  Boot,  Wesley 
Whitaker,  Joseph  W.  Holden,  John  C.  Gorman,  Jo- 
seph H.  Separk,  Basil  C.  Manly,  W.  H.  Dpdd,  Alf.  A. 
Thompson,  Thos.  Badger,  W.  M.  Buss.  A.  M.  Powell 
is  the  present  incumbent. 

John  Haywood  (father  of  the  late  Dr.  E.  Burke 
Haywood)  was  the  only  Intendant  elected  by  the 
Commissioners.     The  first  Intendant  to  be  elected  by 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  67 

the  people  was  Wm.  White,  who  ^as  chosen  to  that 
office  in  1803.  He  was  born  in  1TG2,  died  m  1811. 
Wm.  Hill  was  the  next  incumbent,  and  was  born  m 
Surrv  County  in  1773 ;  he  died  in  1857. 


EARLY  irShABlTANTS. 

^ '  They  who  have  no  reverence  and  affection  for  t^^^  memory  of  their 
ancestors  can  make  no  just  claim  to  the  remembrance  of  posterity. 

Among  the  most  illustrious  men  of  Kaleigh's  early 

history  who  honored  it  with  their  residence,  and  gave 

to  the  city  and  State  the  benefit  of  their  wise  counsel, 

and  whose  descendants  are  living  among  us  now,  w^ere, 

Jas    F.   Taylor,   elected  Attorney-General   m   1825; 

Joseph  Gales,  founder  of  the  Raleigh  Register;  Wm. 

Bovlan,  editor   and  publisher  of  the  Minerva;  Moses 

MoVdecai,  a  distinguished  lawyer,  who  died  at  the 

early  age  of  twenty-nine  years;  John  H.  Bryan   who 

represented  this  district  in  Congress  m  1823;  R.  M. 

Saunders,  a  distinguished  lawyer  and  statesman,  who 

died  in  1866 ;  Wm.  H.  Haywood,  elected  United  States 

Senator  in  1842;  Geo.  E.  Badger,  Secretary  of  the 

Navv  in  1842;  Wm.  Hill,  Secretary  of  State;  Ma]. 

Chas.  L.  Hinton,  and  many  others  whose  names  are 

not  now  recalled.  .  ^  ,  .  ,      i, 

Joseph  Gales  became  an  inhabitant  of  Raleigh  when 
the  place  was  but  seven  years  old.  He  came  here  m 
1799  from  Sheffield,  England,  and  established  the 
Raleigh  Register,  which  was  continuously  published 
for  more  than  sixtv  vears.  After  the  death  of  Joseph 
Gales  the  paper  was  published  by  his  son  Weston  JR., 
and  later  by  a  grandson,  Seaton  Gales.  Joseph  Gales 
was  for  manv  vears  State  printer.  He  established 
the  first  paper-mill  in  this  section,  on  Rocky  Branch, 
thence  removed  to  Crabtree  Creek.     In  politics  he 


68  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

belonged  to  the  dominant  party,  the  Eepublican,  and 
when  that  was  disrupted  in  Jackson's  time  he  be- 
came a  Whig.  Joseph  Gales  had  the  distinction  of 
being  the  first  to  practice  stenography  in  the  United 
States,  and  was  the  first  official  stenographer  to  re- 
port the  proceedings  of  Congress.  He  died  in  1842, 
aged  eighty  years. 

The  name  of  no  man  is  more  honorably  connected 
with  Raleigh's  early  history  than  that  of  William 
Boylan,  who  came  here  the  same  year  as  did  Mr.  Gales. 
Mr.  Boylan  was  from  New  Jersey,  coming  to  North 
Carolina  in  1791,  when  he  located  at  Fayetteville, 
where,  with  his  uncle,  Abraham  Hodge,  he  published, 
in  1796,  the  Fayetteville  Minerva.  After  his  removal 
here  in  1799,  he  continued  the  publication  of  the  pa- 
per, which  advocated  Federalist  principles.  Mr.  Boy- 
lan was  often  a  Commissioner  of  the  city,  and  was  at 
one  time  President  of  the  State  Bank.  He  was  an 
active  promoter  of  the  Raleigh  and  Gaston  Railroad, 
and  at  one  time  its  president.  A  man  of  the  highest 
integrity,  kind  hearted  and  generous,  his  hand  was 
always  open  to  deserving  charity.  A  large  number 
of  his  descendants  are  living  among  us  to-day.  He 
was  born  in  1777;  died  1861. 

It  has  been  said  that  it  was  Mr,  Boylan  who  intro- 
duced the  cultivation  of  cotton  in  this  county.  How- 
ever that  may  be,  in  this  connection  the  following, 
with  reference  to  the  cotton-gin  and  baling  of  cotton 
in  this  State  may  prove  interesting: 

Eli  Whitney,  the  inventor  of  the  cotton-gin,  "cotton- 
machine,"  or  "saw-gin,"  as  it  was  then  called,  passed 
through  Raleigh  early  in  1802,  on  his  way  from 
Charleston,  S.  C.  (where  he  had  been  a  school  teacher, 
and  had  invented  the  cotton-gin)  to  his  home  in  Con- 
necticut. It  seems  that  the  art  of  baling  cotton  was 
then  in  its  infancy,  for  it  was  said  that  "Mr.  Whitney 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  69 

is  in  expectation  of  soon  bringing  forward  an  im- 
proved plan  of  packing  cotton,  which  shall  comprise 
an  incredible  quantity  of  cotton  within  a  very  narrow 
compass,  and  thereby  make  the  cotton  much  easier  of 
transportation  than  at  present." 

■  With  reference  to  this  cotton-gin,  the  General  As- 
sembly, the  same  year — after  considering  "that  the 
cultivation  of  cotton  is  increasing  in  this  State,  and 
from  the  invention  and  use  of  the  saw-gin,  likely  to 
become  a  valuable  staple  article  of  exportation'^ — en- 
acted that  '"the  State  of  North  Carolina  do  purchase 
from  the  said  Miller  and  Whitney  (the  former  being 
the  owner  of  a  one-half  interest  in  the  patent  with 
Whitney,  the  inventor)  the  patent  right  to  the  mak- 
ing, using  and  vending  the  said  new  invention  of  a  ma- 
chine for  cleaning  cotton  from  its  seeds,  commonly 
called  a  saw-gin,  on  the  terms  and  conditions  herein- 
after mentioned — that  is  to  say,  that  there  shall  be 
laid  and  collected  by  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  on 
each  and  every  saw-gin  which  shall  be  used  in  this 
State,  between  the  passing  of  this  act  and  the  first 
day  of  x\pril  next,  a  tax  of  two  shillings  and  six  pence 
upon  every  saw,  or  annular  row  of  teeth,  which  such 
gin  may  contain,  and  a  tax  of  two  shillings  and  six 
pence  for  each  and  every  saw,  or  annular  row  of  teeth, 
which  shall  be  used  in  said  gins,  in  each  and  every 
year,  for  the  term  of  five  years  thereafter."  The 
amounts  collected  for  the  vears  1802  and  1803,  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  were  directed  to  be  paid  to 
said  Whitney  and  Miller  as  the  price  of  the  patent 
right  agreed  upon  between  them  and  the  State.  The 
tax  collected  for  the  five  years  thereafter  was,  of 
course,  appropriated  by  the  State — for  the  encourage- 
ment, perhaps,  of  the  cotton  industry ! 

How  long  this  continued  to  be  the  law  must  be  left 


70  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

to  conjecture,  as  no  record  of  any  further  legislation 
on  the  subject  is  found. 

One  of  the  earlier  ^^City  Fathers"  was  William 
Polk,  always  called  Col.  William  Polk,  who  built 
what  was  a  grand  residence  in  those  days  just  out  of 
the  city  limits,  fronting  Blount  street.  Later,  in 
1872,  this  house,  after  being  owned  by  Hon.  Kenneth 
Rayner  for  many  years,  was  moved  to  one  side  to  al- 
low for  the  extension  of  Blount  street,  and  is  some- 
times called  the  Park  Place. 

William  Peace  was  another  of  the  earlier  citizens. 
He  and  his  brother  Joseph,  under  the  firm  name  of 
W.  &  J.  Peace,  opened  a  mercantile  business  on  Fay- 
etteville  street  almost  as  soon  as  the  city  was  founded, 
and  so  continued  for  many  years.  Because  of  his 
large  contribution  to  the  founding  of  Peace  Institute, 
this  widely  and  favorably  known  institution  of  learn- 
ing is  named  in  honor  of  his  memory. 

William  Peck  was  also  one  of  the  early  settlers,  and 
conducted  a  store  at  the  southeast  corner  of  the  Cap- 
itol Square.  His  son,  Louis  Peck,  was  his  successor 
in  business  at  the  same  stand.  He  died  several  years 
ago. 

John  Rex,  the  founder  of  Rex  Hospital,  was  one  of 
the  earlier  citizens.  He  was  said  to  be  a  grave,  sedate, 
quiet,  retiring,  modest  man,  and  accumulated  a  hand- 
some fortune,  which  he  bequeathed  to  the  endowment 
of  the  hospital  here  bearing  his  name.  He  died  in 
1839,  aged  seventy-four  years. 

David  Royster  was  also  among  the  earlier  residents, 
coming  to  Raleigh  from  Mecklenburg  County,  Ya.,  in 
1801.  His  business  was  that  of  a  cabinet-maker,  which 
he  conducted  for  more  than  sixty  years,  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Hargett  and  Blount  streets.  He  was  a  man  of 
sterling  character,  and  held  high  in  public  esteem. 
His  death  occurred  in  1865,  when  in  his  eighty-ninth 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


71 


year.  One  of  his  sons  is  Mr.  David  L.  Royster  (fa- 
ther of  Mr.  Vitruvius  Royster,  the  efBcient  assistant 
in  the  Superior  Court  Clerk's  oflftce),  who  has  been 
identified  with  Raleigh  a  lifetime,  and  at  one  period 
was  a  leading  building  contractor.  In  this  city  he 
has  been  a  man  of  considerable  influence.  Miss  Susie 
F.  Iden,  of  Raleigh,  an  interesting  and  promising 
young  writer  of  fiction,  is  a  granddaughter  of  Mr. 
Royster. 

Another  son  of  David  Royster  was  the  late  Jas.  D. 
Royster,  a  man  of  superior  ability,  also  prominently 
identified,  in  his  time,  with  the  city  and  its  interests. 
The  older  citizens  remember  him  as  a  man  upon  whose 
judgment  they  could  safely  rely,  and  in  matters  of 
public  interest  his  opinion  was  always  valuable.  He 
was  the  father  of  Dr.  Wisconsin  I.  Royster,  whose 
eminence  as  a  physician,  as  well  as  a  man  of  profound 
learning,  is  as  wide  as  the  State  which  delights  to 
claim  him  as  its  Avorthy  son,  and  the  grandfather  of 
Dr.  Hubert  Royster,  who  enjoys  the  enviable  distinc- 
tion of  being  one  of  the  most  skillful  surgeons  and 
capable  physicians  ever  in  practice  at  the  capital. 

The  first  number  of  the  Raleigh  Star  made  its  ap- 
pearance in  October,  1808.  Messrs.  Jones  and  Hen- 
derson were  the  publishers.  This  journal,  under  the 
control  of  various  managements,  had  a  useful  career 
for  more  than  forty  years.  Mr.  Wm.  M.  Brown,  now 
seventy-seven  years  of  age,  served  his  apprenticeship 
in  this*^  office,  which  he  entered  in  1840. 

At  this  early  period  (1808)  there  were  yet  but  few 
business  houses,  fhos.  Burch,  John  Scott,  Robert 
Cannon,  Robert  Callum,  and  Wm.  Shaw  were  the  lead- 
ing merchants.  The  population  was  then  less  than 
one  thousand.  James  McKee  and  Lewis  &  Muse 
opened  business  a  year  or  two  later.  All  the  stores 
were  then  on  Fayetteville  street  and  built  of  wood. 


72  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

The  town  continued  to  jog  along  for  a  full  decade, 
when  it  is  found  that  John  Stewart,  James  Coman, 
the  Shaws,  J.  S.  Robeteau,  J.  D.  Xewsom,  Alfred 
Jones,  R.  &  W.  Harrison,  Richard  Smith,  B.  B.  Smith, 
and  S.  Birdsall  had  joined  the  mercantile  ranks. 
Among  these  was  Ruffin  Tucker,  father  of  the  late 
Major  R.  S.  Tucker,  who  began  life  a  clerk  in  the 
store  of  SouthT  Bond  in  1815  at  a  salary  of  §25  per 
year.  In  1818,  in  connection  with  his  brother,  Wm. 
C.  Tucker,  (who  was  a  printer,  and  had  worked  for 
Col.  Henderson,  in  the  office  of  the  Raleigh  Star),  he 
opened  a  store,  with  a  cash  capital  of  1125,  in  a  frame 
building  of  moderate  dimensions  on  the  site  of  the 
store  now  so  ably  conducted  by  Messrs.  Dobbin  & 
Ferrall. 

In  1829  Wesley  Whitaker  was  manufacturing 
pianos  on  East  Hargett  street.  W.  0.  &  R.  Tucker 
had  dissolved  co-partnership  by  mutual  consent,  and 
each  brother  Avas  prosecuting  a  successful  business  on 
his  own  account.  The  first  millinery  store  was  then 
being  conducted  by  ^Irs.  Andrews,  while  E.  P.  Guion, 
at  the  Guion  Hotel,  was  advertising  that  he  would 
^•'accommodate  boarders  for  |120  a  year."  Mrs.  An- 
dreAvs  was  the  mother  of  the  late  Ralph  Andrews. 

John  J.  Briggs,  father  of  the  late  Thos.  H.  Briggs, 
became  identified  with  Raleigh  in  its  early  history, 
both  industrially  and  religiously.  He  was  a  leading 
builder,  and  prominent  as  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Baptist  church. 

Jacob  Johnson  should  be  remembered,  too,  for  he 
was  the  trusted  janitor  of  the  Bank  of  the  State,  and 
conspicuous  in  the  history  of  Raleigh  because  the 
father  of  a  President  of  the  United  States — Andrew 
Johnson. 

John  Stewart  is  said  to  have  been  among  the  first 
merchants  in  Raleigh.     He  married  Hannah  Paddi- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  73 

son,  and  many  of  their  descendants  are  living  among 
us  now.  Among  these  are  Miss  Susan  Stewart,  (the 
only  surviving  child),  now  seventy-five  years  of  age; 
Miss  Hannah  Coley,  Mrs.  Walter  Edwards,  Mrs.  W. 
H.  Billings,  and  Messrs.  Seymour  and  Chester  Whit- 
ing, who  are  the  grandchildren  of  John  and  Hannah 
Stewart.  Hannah  Paddison's  mother,  when  a  widow, 
married  Peter  Casso,  the  hotel  keeper.  When  Presi- 
dent Johnson  was  born  his  father  was  an  hostler  at 
Casso's  hotel,  and  Mrs.  Casso  gave  the  name  of  An- 
drew to  the  new-born  child. 

W.  H.  Williams,  in  1812,  kept  an  apothecary  (as 
drug  stores  Avere  then  termed,  after  the  custom  in 
England),  and  advertised  that  he  ^'solicits  a  continu- 
ance of  public  patronage,  either  in  the  common  way  of 
making  an  apothecary  of  one's  stomach,  or  tipon  the 
new  plan  of  no  cure  no  pay,"  and  adds,  that  ''the  hon- 
est, temperate  and  industrious  poor  would  be  granted 
favors  if  desired.*' 

Eandolpli  Webb's  apothecary  was  established  about 
1820,  on  the  corner  of  Fayetteville  and  Hargett 
streets.  Subsequently  the  proprietors  were  Alfred 
Williams  and  Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood.  During  the  con- 
tinuance of  this  firm,  in  1836,  Mr.  J.  Ruffin  Williams, 
then  a  youth  of  sixteen  years,  entered  the  store  as 
clerk,  continuing  as  such  for  several  years,  until 
1840,  when  he  became  one  of  the  proprietors  with  his 
brother  and  Dr.  Haywood.  This  business  had  the 
longest  existence  of  any  firm  ever  established  in  Ea- 
leigh.  Mr.  Williams  is  still  living,  eighty-two  years 
of  age.  He  retired  from  business  several  years  ago. 
The  present  proprietors  are  W.  H.  King  &  Co. 

J.  J.  Christophers,  who  was  born  in  1803,  in  his  life- 
time was  a  man  of  much  prominence  and  usefulness. 
He  filled  the  office  of  City  Clerk  for  a  great  number 

G 


74  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

of  years,  and  at  one  time  was  the  owner  of  an  entire 
square  of  real  estate  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city. 
He  lived  to  be  ninety-one  years  of  age. 

Edmund  B.  Freeman,  for  thirty-seven  years  Clerk 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  was  an  early  resident  of  the 
capital.  He  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts  and  born 
in  1796.  His  first  wife  was  a  sister  of  Albert  Stith, 
a  merchant  of  Raleigh  in  the  forties.  Mr.  Freeman 
was  a  grandfather  of  our  efficient  and  popular  City 
Clerk,  Mr.  Ham  Smith. 

Jacob  Marling  was  another  early  resident.  He  had 
some  local  celebrity  as  a  portrait  and  landscape 
painter.  A  specimen  of  his  work  is  now  in  the  State 
Library,  loaned  for  exhibition  by  Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood. 
It  is  a  representation  of  the  capitol  as  it  was  previous 
to  its  destruction  by  fire  in  1831.  The  Haywood  resi- 
dence at  the  head  of  Fayetteville  street  is  also  repre- 
sented in  the  picture.  Mrs.  Marling  kept  a  millinery 
store  on  Fayetteville  street,  in  the  building  occupied 
by  A.  D.  Royster  &  Bro. 

In  the  entire  history  of  Raleigh  it  would  be  difficult 
to  think  of  a  man  who,  in  his  day,  was  more  identified 
with  the  general  welfare  of  the  people,  or  who  contrib- 
uted more  to  their  substantial  good,  than  the  late  Dr. 
F.  J.  Haywood.  He  was  born  in  Raleigh  in  1803. 
In  the  practice  of  his  profession  he  became  one  of  the 
most  eminent  physicians  in  the  State.  His  character 
and  ability  as  a  medical  man  was  no  greater,  however, 
than  that  which  he  sustained  in  his  private  relations, 
for  in  these  he  was  distinguished  as  one  who  revered 
the  golden  rule,  and  who  never  turned  a  deaf  ear  to 
the  cry  of  the  distressed,  from  whatever  source  it  was 
heard.  He  married  in  1831  Martha  Helen  Whitaker. 
She  passed  away  on  the  22d  of  July,  1902.  She  had 
many  warm  friends,  especially  among  the  older  inhab- 
tants.     At  her  death  she  was  ninety-one  years  of  age. 


HISTORICAL    RALEIGH.  < -3 

AV.  T.  Bain,  whose  name  is  so  prominently  associa- 
ted with  Masonic  history,  was  also  intimately  con- 
nected with  the  early  times  of  Kaleigh.  A  man  of 
purer  heart  and  more  charitable  disposition  our  peo- 
ple had  never  known.  He  was  born  in  1793,  and  died 
in  is(;7— ao-ed  seventy-four  years.  The  late  Donald 
W.  Bain  was  his  honored  son. 


DR.   F.   .1.   HAYWOOD, 

Died  iu  1880;  aged  seventy-six  years. 


Frank  P.  Haywood,  who  passed  away  in  1900,  be- 
fore his  death  was  Raleigh's  oldest  inhabitant.  He 
was  born  here  in  1810,  and  Avas  one  of  Dr.  McPheeters' 
pupils  at  the  Ealeigh  Academy,  the  only  school  here 
in  the  early  part  of  the  century.  Mr.  Haywood  was 
a  gentle  and  kind-hearted  man,  and  beloved  by  a  wide 
circle  of  friends. 

J.  r.  S.  Lumsden  for  many  years  before  his  death 
(which  occurred  but  recently),  was  prominently  iden- 


76  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

tified  with  the  business  history  of  Kaleigli.  Some 
time  before  the  Civil  War  he  opened  a  store  of  small 
dimensions  on  the  Hillsboro  road,  just  outside  the 
city,  and  in  1878  resumed  business  on  Fayetteville 
street,  conducting  the  same  successfully  until  his 
death  in  1901.  He  had  been  alderman  and  held  other 
positions  of  honor  and  trust.  Mr.  Lumsden  was  the 
father  of  Mr.  Chas.  F.  Lumsden,  our  present  efficient 
and  very  popular  City  Tax  Collector. 

Few  men  ever  lived  in  Raleigh  for  whom  the  people 
had  higher  regard  than  Mr.  Ralph  Andrews,  or  ''Un- 
cle Rafe,'-  as  he  was  familiarly  called.  He  was  a 
blacksmith  by  trade,  and  for  many  years  before  his 
death  had  conducted  a  shop  on  South  Salisbury  street. 
Retiring  and  modest  in  disposition  and  gentle  in  man- 
ner, there  were  none  but  could  claim  'T^ncle  Rafe''  as 
their  friend.  He  died  the  present  year  (1902),  aged 
seventy-four  years.  Mr.  Andrews  was  a  brother  of 
Wm.  Andrews,  one  of  the  old-time  constables  of  Ra- 
leigh. 

E.  D.  HayneSj  a  most  worthy  and  industrious  man, 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1894,  had  been  a  resident 
for  more  than  sixty  years.  He  was  a  cabinet-maker, 
his  first  work  being  with  the  late  H.  J.  BroAvn,  who 
conducted  a  business  of  that  character.  Mr.  Haynes 
was  a  good  citizen,  a  very  superior  mechanic,  and  a 
high-toned,  honorable  gentleman. 

Some  men  are  forgotten  as  soon  as  they  die — others 
leave  evidences  of  good  deeds,  Avliich  continue  to  groAv 
in  the  affections  of  the  people  as  time  passes.  Of  the 
latter  class  was  J.  Stanhope  Pullen,  who  was  born 
here  in  1822.  During  this  good  man's  life  he  did  as 
much,  if  not  more,  to  make  Raleigh  the  beautiful  and 
lovely  city  that  it  is  to-day  than  any  other  of  its  citi- 
zens. He  was  one  of  the  foremost  promoters  of  the 
late  improvements  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  <  < 

city,  gave  to  Raleigh  tlie  beautiful  park  that  bears  his 
name,  and  was  a  liberal  contributor  to  many  of  the 
schools,  charitable  institutions  and  churches  in  the 
city.  The  good  deeds  of  Mr.  Pullen  live  after  him, 
and  his  memorv  will  be  perpetuated  in  the  history  of 
the  capital  of  his  native  State.  He  died  in  1895,  aged 
seventv-three  years. 

TheNaluable  citizen  is  he  who  makes  the  greatest 
impress  for  good  upon  the  community  in  which  he 
lives.  Thomas  H.  Briggs,  who  died  in  1886,  at  the 
age  of  sixty-five,  was  one  of  those  whose  enterprise  as 
a  citizen  and  kind  deeds  as  a  Christian  man  entitle 
him  to  the  fond  remembrance  of  our  whole  people. 
Mr.  Briggs  was  for  many  years  the  leading  contractor 
and  builder  of  Raleigh— first  on  his  own  account,  and 
for  manv  vears  as  the  leading  member  of  the  firm  of 
Briggs  &  bodd.  For  several  years  before  his  death 
he  conducted  with  much  success  a  hardware  business^ 
on  Fayetteville  street,  in  which  he  was  succeeded  by 
his  sons,  Thos.  H.  Briggs,  Jr.,  and  Jas.  A.  Briggs,  who 
are  now  its  proprietors,  under  the  name  and  style  of 
T.  H.  Briggs  &  Sons. 


OLDER  LIVING  INHABITANTS. 

Among  the  older  living  inhabitants  must  be  men- 
tioned Mr.  Jno.  R.  Taylor,  who  was  born  in  1817,  and 
has  lived  here  eighty-three  years— since  he  was  two 
years  of  age.  He  remembers  well  Andrew  Johnson, 
the  tailor  President.  Mr.  Taylor  is  still  living,  though 
his  eyesight  has  all  bat  failed.  He  has  always  been  a 
man  of  high  integrity,  and  at  one  time  was  one  of 
property  and  influence.  Mr.  W.  A.  Taylor,  the  well 
known  Favetteville  street  tailor,  is  his  eldest  son. 


78  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Few  men  have  been  more  identified  with  Raleigh's 
early  history  than  Mr.  W.  M.  Brown,  who  is  now  sev- 
enty-seven years  of  age.  He  was  born  here  in  1825, 
in  a  log  cabin  which  stood  on  the  northeast  corner  of 
Morgan  and  Person  streets.  In  those  days  framed 
buildings  were  luxuries.  Mr.  Brown  was  but  a  lad 
when  the  capitol  was  being  erected,  and  worked  at  the 
old  rock  quarry  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  helping 
the  stone-cutters  by  running  errands.  Later  he 
learned  the  art  of  printing.  His  father  was  Neal 
Brown,  a  boyhood  friend  of  x4.ndrew  Johnson.  Mr. 
Brown  is  a  man  of  high  character,  of  unassuming 
manner,  and  held  in  high  esteem  by  a  wide  circle  of 
friends.  In  connection  with  Mr.  W.  M.  Utley,  in  1879, 
he  established  the  Evening  Visitor.  For  some  time  he 
has  been  in  feeble  health. 

Mr.  J.  Ruffin  Williams  is  another  of  the  older  resi- 
dents. He  came  to  Raleigh  in  1836.  (A  more  ex- 
tended notice  of  Mr.  Williams  will  be  found  in  the 
reference  to  early  inhabitants.) 

One  of  the  best-knoAvn  men  to  the  older  inhabitants 
of  Raleigh  is  Dr.  Thomas  D.  Hogg.  He  has  been  the 
pioneer  in  many  useful  enterprises  inaugurated  here 
and  in  the  State,  although  some  of  them  he  did  not 
carry  beyond  the  experimental  stage.  Doctor  Hogg 
is  thoroughly  familiar  with  a  great  many  scientific 
subjects,  of  a  practical  nature,  and  takes  the  keenest 
interest  in  all  the  great  economic  questions  or  prob- 
lems of  general  importance.  In  aiding  the  Raleigh 
and  Gaston  Railroad  Company  at  a  critical  period, 
and  performing  a  like  service  for  the  Wilmington  and 
Weldon  Railroad  Company,  he  rendered  the  State  val- 
uable services.  The  same  is  true  of  his  connection 
with  the  erection  of  the  Central  Hospital  for  the  In- 
sane and  of  the  duties  discharged  by  him  as  an  inspec- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  79 

tor  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad.  Dr.  Hogg  is  now 
seventy-five  years  of  age. 

No  man  in  Raleigh's  history'  has  been  more  essen- 
tially identified  with  its  people  and  their  interests 
than  Mr.  Chas.  B.  Root,  who  has  been  a  resident  since 
1837.  After  a  brief  residence  he  embarked  in  the  jew- 
elry and  watchmaking  business,  which  he  conducted 
very  successfully  until  1860,when  he  then  retired  from 
trade.  He  married  in  1848  Miss  Anna  F.  Gales,  daugh- 
ter of  Weston  R.  Gales,  and  granddaughter  of  Joseph 
Gales,  founder  of  the  Raleigh  Register.  Mr.  Root  has 
filled  many  places  of  honor  and  trust,  among  them  the 
presidency  of  the  Raleigh  Gas  Works,  to  which  posi- 
tion he  was  elected  in  1860.  For  several  terms  he  has 
been  alderman,  and  during  the  Civil  War  was  Mayor, 
during  which  time  he  refused  to  accept  any  compensa- 
tion whatsoever,  choosing  rather — be  it  said  to  his 
great  credit — to  devote  the  same  to  benevolent  objects 
and  purposes.  No  man  has  ever  lived  among  us  who 
was  more  beloved  by  our  whole  people  than  Charles  B. 
Root.  He  is  now  eighty-three  years  of  age,  and  for 
one  of  his  years  remarkably  vigorous. 

One  of  the  oldest  native-born  citizens,  and  who  is 
yet  abiding  with  us,  is  Richard  Bullock  Seawell,  now 
eighty-four  years  of  age.  He  is  the  youngest  son  of 
Henry  Seawell  and  Grizzelle  Hinton  Seawell,  and  was 
born  in  the  house  now  owned  by  Dr.  Hogg  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  Wilmington  and  Lane  streets, 
May  26,  1818.  He  engaged  extensively  in  agriculture 
the  greater  portion  of  his  life,  but  becoming  embar- 
rassed by  the  results  of  the  Civil  War,  he  surrendered 
his  vast  estate  to  the  payment  of  debts  and  has  since 
resided  in  the  city.  He  has  been  intimately  associa- 
ted with  many  of  the  historical  events  of  Raleigh. 
His  faculties  are  remarkably  vigorous  for  one  of  his 
advanced  age. 


80  HISTORICAL   RALEIGH. 

Our  venerable  and  esteemed  townsman  Mr.  W.  C. 
Upchurch  is  another  citizen  of  the  olden  time.  He 
came  here  in  1833 — nearly  sixty-nine  years  ago,  and 
shortly  thereafter  opened  a  grocery  store  on  Hargett 
street  near  Wilmington,  which  he  conducted  with  suc- 
cess during  his  whole  business  career,  until  five  3'ears 
ago.  In  the  early  part  of  his  business  life  he  was  in 
copartnership  with  the  late  W.  H.  Holleman.  He  is 
now  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  Mr.  Up- 
church  has  sixty-seven  living  descendants.  One  of 
these  is  Mr.  B.  W.  Upchurch,  a  grandson,  who  is  a 
prominent  Hargett  street  grocery  merchant. 

Major  Moses  A.  Bledsoe  has  been  a  resident  of  Ra- 
leigh since  1840,  coming  from  Franklin  county  in 
that  year.  He  married  a  Miss  Hunter,  a  descendant 
of  Theophilus  Hunter,  and  before  the  Civil  War  was 
a  man  of  much  property  and  influence.  He  is  now  in 
the  eightieth  year  of  his  age.  Major  Bledsoe  and  the 
late  W.  W.  Yass  were  clerks,  late  in  the  thirties,  in  the 
store  of  John  Eaton,  in  Henderson. 

Mr.  E.  B.  Thomas,  who  has  been  an  inhabitant  for 
half  a  century,  is  a  native  of  Wake,  and  came  here 
first  as  a  teacher  of  the  Western  Ward  common  school. 
Ko  community  was  ever  blessed  with  a  more  honora- 
ble citizen  and  devoted  Christian,  nor  one  more  faith- 
ful in  all  his  relations  of  life.  He  is  the  father  of 
Mr.  W.  G.  Thomas,  proprietor  of  the  Xorthside  Phar- 
macy.    Mr.  Thomas  is  now  eighty-one  years  of  age. 

Mordecai  B.  Barbee,  Hugh  W.  Earp,  Wm.  A.  Lamb, 
survivors  of  the  Mexican  War,  are  others  who  must  be 
numbered  with  the  older  inhabitants.  Mr.  Barbee 
has  resided  here  for  half  a  century,  coming  to  Raleigh 
from  Chatham,  the  county  of  his  birth,  in  1852.  For 
many  years  he  was  in  the  coach-making  business,  but 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century  past  has  been  the  leading 
Justice  of  the  Peace  of  Raleigh. 


HISTOIUCAL  KALEKai.  81 

^Ir.  Earp  was  born  here,  and  is  now  more  than 
eighty  years  of  age  and  quite  feeble.  He  has  been 
always  noted  for  his  modesty,  integrity,  and  fulfilled 
all  his  relations  of  life  with  fidelity.  In  earlier  life 
]Mr.  Earp  was  a  shoemaker  by  trade.  He  stood  high 
among  his  craftsmen,  and  had  always  the  good  will 
of  his  numerous  customers  and  the  public. 

Mr.  Lamb,  the  remaining  survivor  mentioned  above, 
well  known  as  a  worthy  mechanic,  has  always  stood 
well  with  his  fellows,  and  been  properly  regarded  as 
a  man  of  superior  skill  in  his  trade.  He  is  now  sev- 
enty-four years  of  age. 


FIRES  AND  FIRE  ENGINES  IN  RALEIGH'S  EARLY 
HISTORY. 

In  the  settlement  of  all  communities,  which  are 
at  first  but  mere  villages,  the  dwellings  and  places 
of  business  are  nearly  always  of  wood.  Many  fires 
must  necessarily  be  experienced  before  more  durable 
and  pretentious  buildings  are  erected.  Ealeigh  was 
no  exception  to  this  rule,  but  her  citizens  prepared 
themselves  for  such  emergency  by  purchasing,  in 
1802,  the  first  fire  engine  they  had  ever  seen.  There 
was  not  then  a  pump  in  the  city,  and  in  case  of  fire 
entire  dependence  was  upon  the  wells,  of  which  "not 
one  in  four  was  supplied  with  buckets."  Such  was  the 
comment  made  by  a  newspaper  of  that  period.  The  en- 
gine referred  to  was  bought  by  voluntary  contribu- 
tions. It  employed  sixteen  hands,  throwing  eighty  gal- 
lons per  minute  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  feet,  and 
cost  $374.  Eleven  years  later  the  city  bought  a  new  en- 
gine, and  in  1821  the  first  regular  fire  company  was 
organized.  Six  years  before  this  an  abortive  attempt 
to  supply  the  city  with  water  was  made.     A  water- 


82  HISTORICAL   RALEIGH. 

wheel,  worked  from  a  pond  in  front  of  the  Insane 
Asylum  hill,  made  by  damming  Rocky  Branch,  forced 
the  water  to  the  top  of  a  water-tower  on  a  hill  in  the 
southwest  part  of  the  city,  whence  it  flowed  by  gravity 
to  Hargett  and  along  Fayetteville  street.  There  was 
no  filtration.  The  water  was  delivered  at  intervals 
through  wooden  spouts.  The  engineer  was  Samuel 
Lash,  of  Salem,  an  ingenious  mechanic.  The  pipes 
were  of  wood.  They  became  frequently  clogged  with 
mud,  and  often  burst  with  the  pressure.  The  citizens 
living  on  the  streets  not  benefited  became  clamorous 
against  the  taxation  levied  for  repairs,  and  the  scheme 
was  abandoned. 

Street  Commissioner  Blake,  while  excavating  on 
Fayetteville  street  a  few  years  ago,  dug  up  several 
pieces  of  this  pipe,  the  inside  diameter  of  which  was 
about  three  inches.  On  South  Saunders  street,  near 
Cabarrus,  a  section  of  this  pipe  may  also  be  yet  seen, 
imbedded  in  the  earth  as  it  was  originally  eighty-seven 
years  ago. 

The  first  great  fire  on  record  was  in  1816,  on  the 
east  side  of  Fayetteville  street,  extending  from  Martin 
to  Hargett,  and  thence  nearly  to  Wilmington  street. 

In  1821  a  second  fire  broke  out  near  the  site  where 
the  Market  House  now  stands,  consuming  the  east 
side  of  Fayetteville  street  north,  above  Hargett,  as  far 
as  where  Dobbin  &  FerralPs  store  now  stands,  and 
east  to  Wilmington  street. 

In  1831  another  fire  occurred ;  this  was  on  the  site 
of  the  present  Market  House. 

In  the  same  year  all  the  buildings  on  the  west  side 
of  Fayetteville  street,  from  Morgan  to  Hargett,  with 
the  exception  of  that  next  to  Morgan  street — the  Dr. 
Fabius  J.  Haywood  residence,  but  then  occupied  by 
the  Newbern  Bank — were  swept  away.  This  was  kin- 
dled by  an  incendiary,  Benjamin  F.  Seaborn,  a  clerk 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  83 

of  Richard  Smith,  who  endeavored  by  arson  to  hide 
the  crime  of  theft.  Smith  was  Register  of  Deeds,  and 
twenty  registry  books  were  destroyed  with  his  store- 
house, causing  much  confusion  of  titles  in  our  county. 
Seaborn  was  hung  for  his  crime. 

Another  fire  broke  out  in  1841,  in  Depkin's  shoe 
shop,  on  Fayetteville  street.  The  flames  swept  do^oi 
Hargett  street  until  checked  within  one  house  of  Wil- 
mington street.  The  weak  hose  of  the  engine  burst 
soon  after  it  was  brought  into  action.  The  water 
flowed  on  the  ground,  and  mixing  with  red  clay 
formed  a  plastic  material,  which  the  ready-witted 
firemen  gathered  by  handsful  and  bucketsful,  and 
dashing  it  against  the  walls  of  a  threatened  store, 
formed  a  non-conductor,  impervious  to  heat.  The  fire 
w^as  extinguished,  and  the  grateful  citizens  dubbed 
this  heroic  band  as  the  "mud  company,"  and  this  well- 
earned  name  stuck  fast  up  to  the  day  of  its  dissolution. 


OLD-TIME  STREET  CARS. 

The  Raleigh  Experimental  Railway  w^as  the  first 
attempt  at  a  railroad  built  in  North  Carolina.  It  was 
finished  January  1,  1833.  It  was  a  cheap  strap-iron 
tramway,  costing  |22.50  per  mile.  It  was  the  sugges- 
tion of  Mrs.  Sarah  Polk,  widow  of  Col.  Wm.  Polk,  and 
the  mother  of  Bishop  Polk.  She  was  the  principal 
stockholder,  and  the  investments  paid  over  300  per 
cent.  Capt.  Daniel  H.  Bingham  was  the  engineer,  an 
accomplished  scholar  who  taught  a  military  school  in 
the  old  Saunders  house,  on  Hillsboro  street,  who  was 
assisted  by  two  of  his  advanced  students.  Dr.  R.  B. 
Haywood,  of  this  city,  and  Col.  Wm.  M.  Abbott,  of 
Mississippi.  The  road  ran  from  the  east  portico  of 
the  capitol  to  the  Rock  Quarry,  in  the  remote  eastern 


84:  HISTORICAL    RALEIGH 

portion  of  the  city.  It  was  constructed  principal Iv 
for  the  purpose  of  hauling  stone  to  build  the  present 
capitol.  A  passenger  car  was  placed  upon  it  ^'for  the 
accommodation  of  such  ladies  and  gentlemen  as  de- 
sired to  take  the  exercise  of  a  railroad  airing/' 


RELIGIOUS. 


For  a  long  time  after  the  foundation  of  the  city  the 
people  worshipped  in  the  Statehouse  or  courthouse. 
The  great  Methodist  Bishop  Asburj  held  a  "big  meet- 
ing" in  the  former  place  in  1800. 

In  1805  or  1806  William  Glendenning,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  removed  to  Raleigh  and  established  a  gro- 
cery store  on  Newbern  Avenue  opposite  the  present 
Episcopal  Rectory.  He  had  been  a  preacher  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  but  seceded  with  James 
O'Kelly.  He  built  the  first  church  in  the  city,  on 
Blount  street,  between  Morgan  and  Hargettf  and 
called  it  Bethel.  He  became  insane  and  was  called 
the  "Crazy  Parson,"  and,  of  course,  made  little  re- 
ligious impression  on  the  community. 

The  first  Methodist  church  built  in  Raleigh  was 
constructed  of  hewn  logs,  and  stood  in  Joel  Lane's 
woods  on  what  was  then  Halifax  road,  about  where 
Col.  Heck's  residence  now  stands,  on  Blount  street, 
and  was  called  Asbury  Meeting  House.  Bishop  As- 
bury  was  probably  the  founder  of  this  church,  in  1784, 
as  he  travelled  frequently  into  North  Carolina,  and 
Wake  Court  House  was  an  important  point. 

In  1811  the  Methodists  had  finished  their  church, 
the  first  erected  after  the  organization  of  the  city,  on 
the  lot  donated  by  Willie  Jones,  of  Halifax,'  and 
bought  by  him  at  the  sale  of  1792. 

This  church  having  been  destroved  bv  fire  in  1839, 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  85 

another  was  erected  in  1841.  Benj.  B.  Smith,  Ra- 
leio-h's  leading  merchant,  contributed  three  hundred 
dollars  toward  this  object.  This  church  was  removed 
a  few  years  ago  to  give  way  to  the  present  imposing 
edifice  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  eight  hundred. 
Mrs  Badger,  the  mother  of  the  late  George  E.  Badger, 
was  a  prominent  member  of  this  church  after  coming 
here  in  1820  from  Newbern,  and  often  led  in  prayer, 
or  -praved  in  public,"  as  it  was  called. 

Among  the  earlv  pastors  were  Bennett  T.  Blake, 
John  Kerr,  John  T.  Brame,  John  E.  Edwards,  R.  O. 
Burton,  Wm.  E.  Pell,  Joseph  H.  Wheeler,  L.  L.  Hen- 
dren,  N.  F.  Reid,  John  S.  Long. 

Of  those  w^ho  were  prominently  connected  with  the 
church  in  its  earlier  davs  were  Miss  Emma  Hunter, 
Miss  Louisa  Hill,  Mrs.  Sarah  McCauley,  Misses 
Susan  and  Emma  White,  Mrs.  Eliza  Lemay,  Mrs.  Lu- 
cinda  Tucker,  Henry  J.  Brown,  Mrs.  Lucy  Evans, 
Rev.  Thos.  J.  Lemay,  L.  W.  Peck,  S.  H.  Young,  C.  W. 
D.  Hutchino-s,  Jno.  C.  Palmer,  Mrs.  Ann  R.  Lipscomb, 
Henry  PorWr,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Busbee,  Jno.  Myatt, 
Miss  Priscilla  McKee,  Eldridge  Smith. 

The  Baptists  were  next  to  organize  a  congregation. 
This  was  in  1812,  and  a  church  building  of  an  humble 
character  was  erected  on  Moore  Square,  or  in  what 
was  then  known  as  the  Baptist  Grove.  The  bell  was 
of  the  size  and  sound  of  those  generally  in  use  by  to- 
bacco factories.  In  this  Grove  the  founders  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  w^orshipped.  There  is  high  au- 
thoritv  for  the  statement  that  the  members  were  ac- 
customed each  to  take  a  tallow^  candle  to  this  humble 
building  in  order  to  produce  a  "dim,  religious  light'' 
(so  conducive  to  spirituality,  it  was  thought)  for  ser- 
vices at  night.  The  membership  of  the  church,  says 
Mr.  W.  C.  Upchurch,  was  never  more  than  eighteen — 
seven  males  and  eleven  females.     Of  the  former  there 


-86  HISTORICAL   RALEIGH. 

were  Madison  Royster,  Jas.  Nunn,  J.  D.  Briggs,  Mark 
Williams,  and  W.  C.  Upchurch;  the  late  Mrs.  Alfred 
AVilliams  was  among  the  female  members. 

About  1835,  owing  to  differences  of  opinion  among 
the  members,  dissension  arose,  and  a  new  and  better 
edifice  was  accordingly  erected  at  the  southeast  cor- 
ner of  Wilmington  and  Morgan  streets.  The  pastors 
of  this  church,  in  the  order  named,  were  Revs.  Amos. 
J.  Battle,  Louis  Dupree,  T.  W.  Toby,  J.  J.  Finch,  G. 
W.  Johnston,  T.  E.  Skinner. 

In  1858  the  present  imposing  First  Baptist  Church 
was  erected.  Rev.  Dr.  T.  E.  Skinner,  one  of  our  most 
distinguished  theologians  (who  is  yet  living  and  much 
beloved  by  all)  was  the  first  pastor.  The  late  Rev. 
Dr.  T.  H.  Pritchard  was  another  of  the  early  pastors. 

Among  the  members  of  this  church  in  the  old  days 
were,  Mrs.  Alfred  Williams,  Miss  Lucinda  Briggs, 
P.  F.  Pescud,  J.  J.  Biggs,  Miss  Sallie  Towles,  M.  B. 
Royster,  Jas.  D.  Royster,  Lynn  Adams,  W.  D.  Wil- 
liams, Caswell  Lee,  Jas.  D.  Nunn,  Jordan  Womble, 
Jr.,  Robert  Jones,  Miss  Selina  Jenkins. 

A  prominent  feature  of  the  Sunday  School  of  this 
church  is  the  Infant  Class,  which  numbers  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-five.  The  class  was  organized  in  1865, 
with  but  twelve  pupils.  Dr.  W.  I.  Royster  was  the 
first  teacher  in  charge.  It  is  now  conducted  by  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  W.  H.  Dodd  and  Miss  Elizabeth  Briggs. 

In  1874  a  few  members  of  this  church,  led  by  Messrs. 
N.  B.  Broughton  and  J.  S.  Allen,  organized  a  new  con- 
gregation, and  purchased  on  Swain  street  a  house  of 
worship  and  denominated  it  the  Second  Baptist 
Church.  The  congregation  assumed  in  a  year  or  two 
such  proportions  that  it  became  necessary  to  secure 
a  more  commodious  structure,  and  a  site  was  accord- 
ingly purchased  on_the  corner  of  Hargett  and  Person 
streets,  upon  which  was  erected  the  present  edifice, 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


87 


8«  HISTORICAL    RALEIGH. 

known  as  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  Church.  Its  seat- 
ing capacity  is  about  one  thousand.  The  Sunday 
School  is  the  largest  in  the  city  and  its  fame  in  this 
department  of  religious  work  extends  throughout  the 
countrj'j  due,  in  a  great  measure,  to  the  zeal  and  pop- 
ularity of  Mr.  N.  B.  Broughton,  known  throughout 
the  State  as  foremost  in  all  that  makes  for  the  ad- 
vancement— moral  and  material — of  the  people. 

Steps  were  taken  to  organize  an  Episcopal  Church 
in  Raleigh  about  1820,  Rev.  John  Phillips,  of  Calvary 
Church,  Tarboro,  being  missionary  in  charge.  In 
1822  a  vestry  was  elected,  consisting  of  Chief  Justice 
John  Louis  Taylor,  Wm.  H.  Haywood,  and  Dr.  Bur- 
ges.  A  wooden  church  was  built  in  1829.  It  was 
situated  a  little  nearer  Edenton  street  than  the  pres- 
ent beautiful  edifice  known  as  Christ  Church.  About 
1845  or  1846  the  stone  church  was  erected  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  Upjohn,  the  leading  ecclesiastical 
architect  of  the  country.  The  first  Rector  was  Rev. 
John  Ravenscroft,  who  died  in  1830.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Freeman,  who  resigned  in 
1840,  when  Rev.  Richard  S.  Mason,  a  man  of  great 
learning,  was  elected,  who  ministered  to  the  congrega- 
tion until  his  death  in  1874. 

The  original  vestrymen  of  the  church  were,  Jno. 
Louis  Taylor,  Dr.  Burges,  Wm.  H.  Haywood,  Jr.  The 
prominent  communicants  in  early  times  were,  Gavin 
Hogg,  Duncan  Cameron,  Thos.  P.  Devereux,  Geo.  E. 
Badger,  Chas.  L.  Hinton,  Chas.  Manly,  Geo.  W.  Mor- 
decai,  Jno.  H.  Bryan,  R.  M.  Saunders,  Jas.  McKim- 
mon,  Wm.  H.  Battle,  Thos.  D.  Hoog,  Kemp.  P.  Battle, 
Wm.  E.  Anderson,  R.  H.  Battle,  P.  A.  Wiley. 

Until  1827  the  Sunday  schools  of  the  several 
churches  were  united  in  one,  which  was  known  as  the 
L^nion  Sunday  School.  The  late  Miss  Lucinda  Briggs 


HISTORICAL  EALEIGH.  89 

represented  the  Baptist  denomination.  A  more  ear- 
nest and  faithful  disciple  of  Christianity  this  city  has 
never  known  than  Miss  Lucinda  Briggs.  She  died 
at  an  advanced  age  a  few  years  since.  Two  daughters 
of  Dr.  McPheeters  represented  the  Presbyterian  and 
Miss  Louisa  Hill  the  Methodist  denomination.  Web- 
ster's blue-back  speller  was  one  of  the  books  used. 

The  first  Presbyterian  congregation  in  Kaleigh  was 
organized  in  1806.  The  first  regular  pastor  was  Rev. 
William  Turner,  of  Virginia,  his  Elders  being  Judge 
Henry  Potter,  William  Shaw,  and  Thomas  Emons. 
The  religious  services  were  held  in  the  hall  of  the 
House  of  Commons.  The  first  church  was  erected  in 
1817,  and  Rev.  Wm.  McPheeters  became  the  first 
pastor.  Rev.  Drury  Lacy  was  long  a  pastor,  occu- 
P3'ing  the  pulpit  of  his  church  for  eighteen  con- 
secutive years.  Rev.  J.  M.  Atkinson  was  also  one 
of  the  pastors.  Mr.  Lacy  was  the  father  of  Mr.  B.  R. 
Lacy,  our  widely-popular  State  Treasurer.  The  pres- 
ent handsome  edifice  was  erected  in  1899 ;  it  has  a  seat- 
ing capacity  of  one  thousand. 

The  following  were  among  the  prominent  members 
of  this  church  in  its  early  history:  H.  D.  Turner,  S. 
W.  Whiting,  Wm.  Peace,  Jesse  Brown,  Chas.  Dewey, 
John  Primrose,  J.  M.  Towles. 

At  this  time  there  are  in  Raleigh  eighteen  white  and 
a  similar  number  of  colored  churches.  Of  the  white, 
eight  are  Baptist,  one  Catholic,  one  Christian,  three 
Episcopalian,  four  Methodist,  and  one  Presbyterian. 
The  colored  are:  Baptist,  seven;  Christian,  two;  Con- 
gregational, one;  Episcopal,  one;  Methodist,  six; 
Presbyterian,  one. 

The  first  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  in 
Kaleigh  was  instituted  in  1859,  with  H.  P.  McCoy  as 
president,  and  W.  J.  Young  as  secretary.  The  object 
7 


90  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

of  the  organization  was  said  to  be  ''to  visit  the  sick, 
administer  to  the  wants  of  the  needy,  establish  Sun- 
day Schools,  distribute  tracts,"  etc. 

The  first  Mass  ever  celebrated  in  Ealeigh  was  by  the 
Rev.  Father  Peter  Wheelan,  about  the  year  1832,  in 
a  boarding-house  kept  by  Matthew  Shaw,  a  Presby- 
terian. A  Catholic  church  was  built  here  in  1834,  at 
a  cost  of  |800.  It  was  dedicated  by  Bishop  England, 
in  1835,  who  often  said  Mass  and  preached  therein. 

In  1859  the  building  which  had  been  the  Baptist 
church,  corner  of  Morgan  and  Wilmington  streets, 
was  purchased,  and  in  1860  formally  dedicated  by 
Bishop  Lynch,  of  Charleston.  The  first  pastor  was 
Rev.  J.  V.  McNamara,  who  was  installed  in  1869,  until 
which  time  the  church  had  been  served  by  missionary 
priests.  The  present  church  edifice  is  on  the  corner 
of  Hillsboro  and  McDowell  streets,  and  was  pur- 
chased in  1875,  at  a  cost  of  |13,000.  The  pastor  is 
Rev.  Thomas.  P.  Griffin. 


EARLY  HOTELS.  OR  TAVERNS. 

The  hotels,  or  taverns,  as  they  were  formerly  called, 
were  of  a  primitive  nature.  In  1803  Henry  H.  Cook 
advertised  that  at  ''Wake  Old  Court  House,  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  of  the  Statehouse,  he  can  accommo- 
date ten  or  twelve  gentlemen  with  board  during  the 
session  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  will  take  a  few 
horses  to  feed  at  2s.  6d.  a  day." 

In  the  same  year  the  "Indian  Queen,"  kept  by  Cap- 
tain Scott,  was  advertised  as  the  best  hotel  iu  the  city, 
"with  thirteen  rooms,  nine  of  which  have  fire-places.'' 
This  was  on  the  site  of  the  present  Federal  Courthouse 
and  Postoffice. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


91 


Peter  Casso,  in  1804,  opened  a  hotel  on  Fayetteville 
street.  This  was  on  the  site  of  H.  T.  Hicks's  Phar- 
macy. The  proprietor  advertised  that  ''Northern  and 
Southern  stages  leave  his  door  three  times  a  week." 

On  the  first  of  July,  1812,  Charles  Parish  opened  a 
new  hotel  and  called  it  the  Eagle.  This  was  on  the 
site  now  occupied  by  the  State  Agricultural  Building. 
It  was  of  three  stories,  and  the  same  which  was  after- 
wards known  as  the  Guion  Hotel.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  the  Statehouse,  this  was  the  first  brick  build- 
ing erected  in  the  city. 

The  following  was  the  proprietor's  announcement 
to  the  public : 

''Charles  Parish  informs  his  friends  and  the  public 
that  his  tavern  is  now  open  for  the  reception  of  trav- 
ellers and  boarders  in  the  new  three-story  building 
north  of  the  Statehouse  and  fronting  Union  Square. 
The  house  is  spacious,  completely  furnished,  and  the 
stables  equal  to  any.  For  a  well-supplied  table 
(serv^ed  from  a  neat  and  cleanly  kitchen),  luxuries  of 
the  rooms,  beds,  attendance,  etc.,  it  is  determined  that 
this  tavern  shall  excel  any  in  the  Southern  States." 

uy  g — xn  ice-house  and  bathing-rooms  will  be 
constructed  by  next  season." 

The  ice-house  and  bathing-rooms  were  probably 
the  earliest  introduction  of  these  luxuries  among  the 
growing  refinements  of  the  city. 

John  Marshall  and  John  Mares  had  also  opened 
hotels,  or  taverns.  These  were  framed  buildings.  In- 
deed, for  thirty  years  after  the  foundation  of  the  city 
(1792  until  1822)  there  were  but  four  brick  struc- 
tures. These  were  the  Eagle  Hotel,  the  Bank  of  New 
Bern  (the  Dr.  Fab.  Haywood  residence  at  the  head  of 
I'ayetteville  street),  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  the 
Register  printing  office.  The  Governor's  "Palace" 
was  of  brick,  but  this  was  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
citv. 


92  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


THE  BIRTH-PLACE  OF  6   PRESIDENT. 

No  man  known  to  the  history  of  any  people  ever 
rose,  perhaps,  to  such  distinction  from  so  humble  a 
beginning  as  Andrew  Johnson,  better  known  as  the 
tailor  President.  He  first  saw  the  light  of  day  in 
Raleigh,  on  the  29th  of  December,  1808.  At  the  age 
of  ten  years  he  was  apprenticed  to  Mr.  Jas.  Litchford 
(grandfather  of  Messrs.  James  and  Henry  Litchford) 
to  learn  the  trade  of  a  tailor.  Before  his  term  of  ap- 
prenticeship expired  he  resolved  to  seek  a  field  of  use- 
fulness elsewhere.  He  and  Neal  Brown,  the  latter 
also  a  young  man  (and  the  father  of  Mr.  W.  M. 
Brown)  w^ere  intimate  friends,  and  to  Neal,  Andrew 
confided  his  intention  of  "running  away"  from  his  em- 
ployer. Brown  agreed  to  assist  him  in  doing  so.  To 
that  end  he  carried  his  friend  Andrew's  luggage,  or 
carpet-sack  of  his  meagre  belongings  to  a  safe  dis- 
tance on  the  road  outside  of  town  in  order  to  facilitate 
the  latter's  escape.  Johnson  journeyed  on  foot  from 
here  to  Laurens  Court  House,  S.  C.,  where  he  fol- 
lowed his  trade  for  two  years.  There  he  became  en- 
gaged to  be  married  to  the  daughter  of  a  gentleman  of 
wealth  and  position,  but  was  refused  her  hand  because 
of  his  poverty.  He  returned  to  Raleigh  in  1826,  but 
after  remaining  here  but  a  few  months,  went  to  Green- 
ville, Tennessee,  where  he  was  married.  Up  to  this 
time  he  knew  nothing  of  writing  or  arithmetic;  his 
wife,  however,  sedulously  labored  to  instruct  him  in 
those  branches  of  rudimentary  education,  and  with 
success.  In  1829  he  became  an  alderman ;  in  1830 
Mayor ;  in  1835  he  was  sent  to  the  Legislature.  Here 
he  made  his  maiden  speech  on  public  affairs.  In 
1841  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  in  1843 
he  was  first  chosen  as  a  Representative  in  Congress. 
In  this  position  he  served  until  1853.     He  was  twice 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  93 

elected  Governor.  In  1857  he  was  sent  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  a  full  term,  ending  in  1863.  And 
finally,  after  filling  almost  every  official  position  in 
the  gift  of  the  people,  he  became  President  of  the 
United  States,  which  last  position  he  obtained,  how- 
ever, by  the  occasion  of  Lincoln's  death  while  in  office. 
The  house  in  which  this  remarkable  man  was  born 
is  still  in  existence,  though  in  a  bad  state  of  decay.  It 
is  situated  on  East  Cabarrus  street,  between  Wilming- 
ton and  Blount  streets.  The  double-slanting  roof 
indicates  that  it  was  erected  at  a  period  when  the 
colonial  style  of  architecture  was  yet  in  vogue.  For 
a  long  time  it  has  been  occupied  by  colored  people. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


The  Raleigh  Academy,  inaugurated  in  1802,  was 
a  corporation  chartered  in  that  year,  and  was  situated 
in  what  was  then  called  Burke's  Garden,  otherwise 
known  as  Burke  Square — the  site  of  the  Governor's 
Mansion.  The  Trustees  were  John  Raven,  Wm. 
White,  Sherwood  Haywood,  Theophilus  Hunter,  John 
Ingles,  Nathaniel  Jones,  Matthew  McCullers,  Wm. 
Hinton,  Simon  Turner,  Samuel  High,  Joseph  Gales, 
John  Marshall,  Wm.  Boylan,  Henry  Seawell.  The 
school  was  for  both  young  men  and  young  ladies. 
Great  stress  was  laid  on  Latin  and  on  the  training  of 
the  boys,  while  the  education  of  the  girls  was  confined 
to  the  English  branches.  The  boys  Avere  instructed 
as  if  they  Avere  designed  for  one  of  the  learned  profes- 
sions. The  girls  were  educated  to  be  good  spellers 
and  readers,  to  be  well  acquainted  with  geography, 
and  their  hands  were  trained  to  be  able  to  use  deftly 
the  needle.     Many  of  them.  too.  learned  to  play  on  the 


94  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

piano  or  guitar  under  a  music  teacher  of  reputation, 
an  Englishman  named  Thomas  Sambourne. 

In  1810  Rev.  Wm.  McPheeters,  of  Virginia,  a  young 
minister  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  was  elected  by 
the  Trustees  of  the  Academy  not  only  to  teach  but  to 
be  ^Tastor  of  the  City."  He  was  described  as  a  man 
of  learning  and  of  the  strongest  character,  of  great 
personal  magnetism,  and  an  admirable  teacher,  kind 
to  all,  but  inflexibly  severe  to  offenders..  His  school 
was  patronized,  it  was  said,  from  all  parts  of  the 
South — from  Virginia  to  Louisiana. 

He  preached  most  acceptably  in  the  Statehouse 
until  1817,  when  the  Presbyterian  church  was  erected. 
He  gave  up  the  Academy  in  1826.  In  1837  he  spent 
a  year  in  Fayetteville  in  charge  of  a  large  female 
seminary,  and  resigned  on  account  of  failing  health. 
For  the  same  reason  he  declined  the  tender  of  the  pres- 
idency of  Davidson  College.  He  returned  to  Raleigh, 
and  died  in  1812.  There  was  said  to  be  no  more  influ- 
ential man  in  the  State  than  Dr.  McPheeters. 

St.  Mary's  School,  for  young  ladies,  was  founded  in 
1842,  by  Rev.  Aldert  Smedes,  who  had  rare  qualifica- 
tions for  this  work.  He  was  a  man  of  big  brain  and 
great  heart.  During  the  privations  of  the  great  Civil 
War,  and  in  the  troublous  years  afterwards,  the  doors 
of  his  school  were  kept  open,  even  when  he  was  suffer- 
ing a  pecuniary  loss.  His  benefactions  in  the  way  of 
free  tuition  and  board  on  credit,  at  all  times  liberal, 
A^  ere  in  those  days  princely.  There  is  no  calculating 
the  amount  of  his  influence  in  the  thousands  of  homes 
adorned  by  his  pupils  all  through  the  Southern  States. 
Tlie  buildings  of  this  school  were  erected  in  1832,  as  a 
school  for  boys,  but  failed,  in  1838,  for  lack  of  proper 
support.  The  present  Rector  is  Rev.  Theodore  D. 
Bratton. 

Joshua  Lumsden,    (referred  to    more    fullv    else- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  95 

^\'liere)  taught  a  school  for  bovs.     The  late  Thos.  H. 
Briggs  was  one  of  his  pupils. 

^irs.  Martindale's  school  for  boys  and  girls  will  be 
remembered  pleasantly  by  many  of  her  old  pupils. 
Sh(^  was  a  very  thorough  teacher  and  a  good  discipli- 
narian. Her  school  was  on  the  corner  of  ^lorgan  and 
Person  streets.  Miss  Eliza  Hill  conducted  a  school 
of  like  character  in  the  old  Masonic  Temple.  Tliis 
was  a  two-story  frame  building  which  stood  on  the 
corner  of  Dawson  and  Morgan  streets. 

Rev.  Drury  Lacy  also  had  a  superior  school  for  boys. 

In  1840  Messrs  Gray  and  Dorratt  opened  their 
^'North  Carolina  Classical,  English  and  Mathematical 
Institute'^  near  the  capitol,  and  the  same  year  Silas 
Bigelow  established  a  school  for  young  men. 

Jefferson  Madison  Lovejoy,  or  ''Old  Jeff/'  as  his 
boys  called  him,  was  the  last  of  the  old-time  schools 
for  males.  This  school  was  established  in  1842,  and 
became  famous  as  one  of  the  best  institutions  of  learn- 
ing, of  its  kind,  in  the  State.  Many  of  those  who  were 
his  pupils  are  to-day  among  the  most  prominent  and 
influential  men  of  the  city.  The  school  was  on  the 
site  of  the  Governor's  Mansion,  and  was  conducted 
with  much  success  until  the  close  of  the  Civil  War. 
Among  those  now  living  among  us  who  were  pupils  of 
Mr.  Lovejoy  were  Hon.  John  Xichols,  ex-Mayor  Thos. 
Badger.  Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood,  Jr.,  Messrs.  Jos.  A.  Hay- 
wood, Chas.  McKimmon,  and  others. 

The  common  school  or  ^'old-field  free  school,''  as 
it  was  sometimes  termed,  is  referred  to  elsewhere. 
It  may  be  here  stated,  however,  that  while  the  ed- 
ucation of  the  masses  did  not  escape  the  attention 
of  the  founders  of  our  State  government  (for  we 
find  a  provision  to  this  effect  in  the  Constitution  of 
1776),  yet  it  was  not  until  1852  that  anything  like  a 


96  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

working  system  of  public  education  was  adopted. 
Calvin  H.  Wiley  was  made  State  Superintendent. 

Late  in  the  forties  the  Sedgwick  Female  Seminary 
was  opened.  It  was  situated  on  Halifax,  between 
North  and  Johnson  streets,  on  the  lot  now  occupied 
by  the  residence  of  C.  C.  McDonald.  The  seminary 
was  under  the  superintendence  of  Mrs.  Finch,  wife  of 
Kev.  Joseph  J.  Finch,  who  was  at  that  time  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Finch, 
which  occurred  in  1850,  Mrs.  Finch  was  assisted  in 
conducting  the  school  by  Kev.  G.  M.  L.  Finch  and  a 
corps  of  able  teachers,  who  instructed  in  all  the 
branches  usually  taught  in  seminaries.  The  follow- 
ing are  the  names  of  many  who  were  pupils  of  this 
school,  some  of  whom  are  still  living.  Many  of  these, 
having  married,  of  course  now  bear  other  names :  Vir- 
ginia Gorman,  Sallie,  Julia,  Annie  and  Martha  Litch- 
ford ;  Mary  and  Annie  DeCarteret ;  Ellen,  Hattie  and 
Joanna  Johnson;  Julia  Hutchings,  Marianna  Hill, 
Maggie  and  Sarah  Outlaw,  Geneva  Harrison,  Helen 
Battle,  Victoria  Womble,  Laura  Bryant,  Frances  J. 
Koyster.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Finch  were  the  parents  of 
Mrs.  Dr.  W.  I.  Royster  and  Mrs.  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Hodge. 

In  1860  Albert  H.  Dowell  organized  a  classical 
school,  for  boys.  The  school-house  was  near  the  resi- 
dence of  the  late  Henry  Mordecai,  just  beyond  the 
city  limits.  Among  his  pupils  were  Sam'l  F.  Mor- 
decai, Joel  Whitaker,  Chas.  E.  Johnson,  J.  I.  Johnson, 
T.  H.  Briggs,  Jas.  A.  Briggs,  Willis  Whitaker,  Peter 
Pescud,  Jas.  Boylan,  Wm.  Boylan  and  J.  Pugh  Hay- 
wood. The  originators  and  promoters  of  the  school 
were  Wilson  Whitaker  and  other  prominent  gentle- 
men of  means.  Mr.  Dowell  is  said  to  have  been  one  of 
the  most  thorough  and  capable  teachers  of  his  time. 
He  was  the  father  of  Mrs.  D.  G.  Conn,  of  this  city. 

The  Select  School  for  Girls  of  the  Misses  Partridge 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  97 

(Sophia  and  Caroline — the  latter  subsequently  be- 
coming Mrs.  Jordan)  was  opened  in  1846.  It  was 
held  in  high  esteem,  as  shown  by  the  liberal  patronage 
it  enjoyed  for  nearly  twenty  years.  The  school  was 
situated  on  East  Hargett  street,  near  Swain.  The 
Partridge  family  were  natives  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  and 
came  to  Raleigh  but  a  short  while  prior  to  the  opening 
of  the  school. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Bobbitt  also  conducted  schools 
at  this  period.  Mrs.  Bobbitt  was  an  aunt  of  Miss 
Partridge  and  Mrs.  Jordan,  above  mentioned,  and 
came  here  from  Louisburg,  where  she  and  her  husband 
had  been  engaged  in  teaching.  After  the  death  of  Mr. 
Bobbitt,  his  widow  assisted  Miss  Sophia  Partridge  in 
the  conduct  of  her  school. 

No  institution  of  learning  in  Baleigh  was  ever  more 
favorably  known  than  that  of  Mrs.  Eliza  Taylor,  who, 
shortly  after  the  death  of  her  husband  (Attorney-Gen- 
eral Taylor)  in  1828,  opened  a  select  school  for  boys 
and  girls  on  the  comer  of  Hargett  and  Salisbury 
streets,  which  she  conducted  almost  without  interrup- 
tion, for  more  than  forty  years.  Dr.  Thos.  D.  Hogg, 
Bishop  Beckwith  and  Mr.  A.  M.  McPheeters  were 
among  her  first  pupils.  There  are  many  other  people 
now  living  in  Raleigh  who  also  received  from  her  their 
early  instruction.  Among  these  are  Hon.  Thos.  R. 
Purnell,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United 
States,  who  attended  this  school  for  several  years  im- 
mediately preceding  the  Civil  War.  Judge  Purnell  is 
further  identified  with  Raleigh's  earlier  history  by  the 
fact  of  his  relationship  with  the  distinguished  Hay- 
wood family,  (Wm.  H.,)  Gov.  Chas.  Manly,  and  Gov. 
Edward  B.  Dudley,  the  last  mentioned  being  Judge 
PurnelPs  grandfather. 

A  more  historic  house  and  its  appurtenances  do 
not  stand  in  Raleigh  than  those  known  as  the  "Old 


98  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Taylor  Place,"  which  have  been  in  the  Taylor  and  Bus- 
bee  families  since  early  in  the  last  century.  The 
house  then  stood  on  Hillsboro  street,  and  was  owned 
by  Judge  Potter,  who  in  1818  sold  it  to  Col.  Jas.  F. 
Ta}  lor.  The  building  was  then  remoyed  to  its  pres- 
ent site.  The  little  "office''  on  the  corner  was  subse- 
quently built  by  the  new  owner,  who  used  it  for  a  law 
office.  After  his  death  it  was  occupied  by  Judge 
Gaston,  who  was  Mrs.  Taylor's  uncle  and  guardian. 
It  was  here  that  this  distinguished  Carolinian  and 
eminent  jurist  wrote  the  renowned  poem,  which  was 
subsequently  set  to  music,  and  since  known  as  the 
"Old  North  State."  This  was  in  1835.  The  poem 
was  suggested  by  Mrs.  Taylor,  who,  haying  heard  her 
daughter  Miss  Louisa — then  but  thirteen  years  of  age 
— render  a  song  haying  a  particularly  pleasing  air, 
thought  the  music  appropriate  for  a  patriotic  hymn. 
This  yiew  she  communicated  to  Judge  Gaston,  who  at 
once  complied  with  Mrs.  Taylor's  request  to  write  the 
poem,  as  above  stated. 

Miss  Louisa  Taylor  was  the  first  to  sing  the  hymn ; 
she  is  still  living  and  sings  it  still.  The  piano  on  which 
it  was  first  played  is  still  in  the  family. 

Peace  Institute  was  not  opened  until  1868,  though 
its  erection  had  begun  before  the  Civil  War.  This 
school  is  at  the  northern  terminus  of  Wilmington 
street,  and  occupies  large  and  well-arranged  brick 
buildings,  in  an  oak  grove  of  about  fifteen  acres.  It 
is  well  patronized.  The  first  Principal  was  Rev.  Rob- 
ert Burwell,  D.D.  Mr.  Jas.  Dinwiddle  is  now  the 
President. 

Shaw  University  (colored)  was  opened  in  1865.  It 
had  its  origin  in  the  formation  of  a  theological  class 
of  freedmen  in  the  old  Guion  Hotel  (the  site  of  the 
State  Agricultural  Building),  with  Rev.  H.  M.  Tup- 
per  and  his  wife  as  teachers.     Subsequently  the  school 


HISTORICAL   RALEIGH.  99 


was  reiuovcd  to  the  corner  of  Blount  and  Cabarrus 
streets,  and,  until  ISTO,  known  as  the  Kaleigh  Insti- 
tute. Buildings  were  erected  from  time  to  time  until 
1879,  when  it  was  incorporated  as  Shaw  University. 
The  institution  has  Law  and  ^Medical  Departments, 
and  continues  in  a  prosperous  condition.  The  Presi- 
dent is  Dr.  C.  F.  ^reserve. 


LAWYERS    OF    OLD    TIMES. 

One  of  the  first  practicing  lawyers  connected  with 
the  history  of  Raleigh  was  Henry  Seawell.  He  was 
born  in  1774  in  ^^hat  was  then  Bute  (now  Franklin) 
county,  and  came  here  in  1800.  After  serving  as  xlt- 
torne^'-General  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supe- 
rior Court,  which  position  he  filled  Avitli  great  credit. 
He  was  said  to  be  a  laAvyer  of  great  ability.  His  wife 
was  Miss  Grizelle  Hinton,  whom  he  married  in  1800. 
^Ir.  Richard  Seawell,  of  Raleigh,  already  mentioned, 
is  one  of  his  sons. 

A  contemporary  of  Mr.  Seawell  was  Peter  Browne, 
who  came  here  in  the  early  part  of  the  last 
century.  He  was  the  owner  of  the  land  later  pur- 
chased by  Wm.  Boylan  in  the  western  section  of  the 
city.     He  died  in  1833,  sixty-two  years  of  age. 

Closes  Mordecai  was  another  early  attorney.  Com- 
ing to  this  State  from  New  York,  he  settled  in  Green- 
ville, and  came  to  Raleigh  about  1820.  He  was  a  jurist 
of  note  and  an  advocate  of  great  ability.  He  died  in 
1821.  He  was  the  grandfather  of  Sam'l  F.  Mordecai, 
Esq.,  of  Raleigh,  one  of  the  State's  ablest  lawyers, 
and  now  Professor  of  Law  of  Wake  Forest  College. 

Anotlier  attorney  of  distinction  was  Gavin  Hogg. 
Removing  here  from  Bertie  in  1820,  he  soon  had  "a 
large  practice,  which,  however,  was  confined  to  the 
Supreme  and  Federal  Courts. 


100 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


Later  attorneys  of  recognized  ability  as  jurists  and 
advocates  were  the  following:  Henry  W.  Miller,  a 
lawyer  of  great  eloquence;  Perrin  Busbee,  an  attorney 
whose  ability  and  great  i^opularity  would  have  in- 
sured for  him  the  enjoyment  of  the  highest  offices  in 
the  State,  but  for  his  death  at  an  early  age,  which 
occurred  in  1853.  Judge  Badger,  B.  F.  Moore  and 
Tliomas  Bragg-  AV(^re  trulv  ureat  lawvers.    The  first  en- 


W.   C.   UPCHUKCH, 

Oldest  living  male  inhabitant ;  ngtd  eighty-nine  years. 

joyed  the  distinction  of  being  Secretary  of  the  Xavy 
under  President  Harrison ;  Mr.  Moore  devoted  his  life 
to  his  practice,  and  accumulated  a  large  fortune;  Mr. 
Bragg  became  a  jurist  and  statesman  of  great  distinc- 
tion, and  served  for  awhile  in  the  Confederate  States 
Cabinet.  :Mr.  Badger  was  born  in  1795,  died  1866; 
Mr.  :\roore  was  born  in  1801,  died  1878. 

Jas.  F.  Taylor  was  another  lawyer  of  cele^brity.     He 
graduated  at  the  State   I^niver  itv  in   1810,  and  in 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


101 


1825  was  elected  Attorney-General.     He  died  in  1828, 
at  the  age  of  thirty-seven  years. 

Hiram  W.  Husted  and  G.  Wash.  Haywood  were  also 
lawyers  of  prominence  more  than  half  a  century  ago. 
Mr.  Husted  was  possessed  of  fine  literary  attain- 
ments In  politics  he  Avas  an  ardent  Whig.  In  1844  he 
was  the  editor  of  the  Clarion,  the  campaign  organ  m 
Raleigh  of  the  Whig  party.  Mr.  Haywood  was  an 
able  lawyer  and  a  brother  of  the  late  Drs.  F.  J.  and 
E.  Burke  Haywood. 

Charles  Manly,  too,  was  a  lawyer  of  considerable 
note.     He  was  elected  Governor  on  the  Whig  ticket,  in 
1S48,  and  filled  many  other  offices  of  honor  and  trust, 
whliam  H.  Haywood  was  another  illustrious  law- 
yer of  early  times.'     He  was  born  here  in  1801,  and  in 
1822  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession,  in 
which  he  earned  great  distinction.     He  was  the  father 
of  Edward  Graham  Haywood,  a  lawyer  of  eminence. 
Succeeding  these  lawyers  in  order  of  time  were 
Quentm  Busbee,  S.  H.  Rogers,  Kemp  Marriott,  Ed- 
ward Graham  Haywood,  Daniel  G.  Fowle,  W.  S.  Ma- 
son, A.  M.  Lewis,  R.  G.  Lewis,  R.  C.  Badger.  John  Gat- 
ling,  H.  A.  Gilliam,  Geo.  H.  Snow,  Thos.  C.  Fuller,  A. 
S.  Merrimon,  W.  H.  Pace,  B.  B.  Lewis,  W.  H.  Bledsoe, 
J.  E.  Bledsoe,  Spier  Whitaker,  R.  O.  Burton. 


MASONRY  AND  ODD  FELLOWSHIP- 

The  first  Masonic  Lodge  established  in  Raleigh  was 
in  1792.  It  was  chartered  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the 
State,  which  met  in  Newbern  that  year— Grand  Mas- 
ter William  R.  Davie  presiding.  This  Lodge  was 
known  as  Democratic  Lodge  No.  21.  Its  meetings 
w^ere  held  at  a  little  hotel  located  on  the  corner  of 


102  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Fayetteville  aud  Morgan  streets,  and  known  as  Casso^s 
Tavern,  which  Avas  kept  by  Peter  Casso,  a  member  of 
the  Lodge. 

The  Lodge  was  little  more  than  a  club,  and  the  old 
fashioned  custom  of  serving  refreshments  in  a  liquid 
form  was  one  of  the  chief  attractions  at  the  meetings, 
and  often,  'twas  said, 

"There  was  a  sound  of  revelry  by  night.'" 

This  was  during  the  period  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tion, when  atheism  had  entered  so  largely  into  the  sen- 
timents of  the  French  people.  There  Avere  sympa- 
thizers with  this  French  sentiment  among  the  foreign 
element  of  Democratic  Lodge;  and  in  consequence  of 
this  sentiment  there  arose  confusion,  dissensions  and 
discord  in  the  Lodge. 

One  Rodman  Atkins,  or  "Rody  Atkins,''  as  he  was 
called,  was  the  leader  of  the  foreign  element,  while 
Col.  William  Polk,  a  pronounced  Churchman,  led  the 
home  or  native  element.  The  consequence  was  that 
the  charter  of  Democratic  Lodge  was  finally  surren- 
dered, and  its  jewels,  regalia  and  furniture  turned 
over  to  the  Grand  Lodge. 

Hiram  Lodge  ^To.  10  was  established  in  the  year 
1800,  the  charter  being  issued  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
that  year,  signed  by  William  Polk,  Grand  Master. 
The  charter  is  in  a  good  state  of  preservation  in  the 
hall  of  this  old  Lodge. 

In  1864  William  G.  Hill  Lodge  No.  218  was  estab- 
lished, and  is  still  a  flourishing  Lodge,  having  a  larger 
membership  than  any  other  in  the  city. 

In  the  year  1900,  just  one  century  after  the  estab- 
lishment of  Hiram  Lodge  No.  40,  Raleigh  Lodge  No. 
500  was  established.  This  young  Lodge  is  also  in  a 
very  flourishing  condition. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows  of  North  Caro- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


103 


lina,  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  was  institu- 
ted in  Wilmington  on  the  6tli  day  of  January,  1843. 
by  District  Deputy  Grand  Sire,  (ieorge  M.  Bain,  and 
therefore  has  been  in  existence  fifty-nine  years. 

The  order  in  Raleigh  consists  now  of  Manteo  Lodge 
Ko.  8,  Seaton  Gales  Lodge  No.  64,  Capital  Lodge  No. 
147,  Ruth-Rebekah  Lodge  No.  4,  and  Litchford-McKee 
Encampment  No.  15. 

Manteo  Lod^e  No.  8  was  instituted  January  14th, 
1846,  by  Alexander  McRae,  then  Grand  Master,  and 
with' the  exception  of  the  war  period,  and  a  few  years 
thereafter,  has  worked  continuously  for  fifty-eight 
years,  and  is  now  continuing  its  great  work  of  benevo^ 
ience  and  charity,  and  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  great 
frateraal  principles  of  that  institution. 

Seaton  Gales  Lodge  No.  64  was  instituted  by  Sea- 
ton  Gales,  then  Grand  Master,  for  whom  the  Lodge 
was  named,  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1871,  and  is 
now,  as  it  always  has  been,  one  of  the  banner  Lodges 
of  the  State.  It  is  full  of  energy  and  push,  and  when- 
ever any  good  thing  for  the  promotion  of  the  order  is 
put  forward,  it  is  always  in  the  front  rank. 

Capital  Lodge  No.  147  was  instituted  August  31, 
1892,  by  Phil.  H.  Andrews,  District  Deputy  Grand 
Master.  This  progressive  Lodge  is  composed  largely 
of  vounj^er  men,  and  has  been  noted  at  all  times  for 
its  charitable  deeds  and  kindly  offices  to  those  in  dis- 
tress. 

Ruth  Lodge  No.  4,  D.  of  R.,  is  composed  largely  of 
the  wives,  daughters  and  sisters  of  the  male  members 
of  the  above  Lodges.  One  of  its  prominent  features  is 
to  cultivate  and  extend  the  social  and  fraternal  rela- 
tions of  life  among  the  Lodges  and  the  families  of  Odd 
Fellows. 

McKee  Encampment  No.  15  was  instituted  by  Wm. 
L.  Smith,  Past  Grand  Master,  then  District  Deputy 


104  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Grand  Sire,  on  the  second  day  of  Maj,  1871.  As  this 
branch  of  the  order  is  only  one  of  higher  grade  than 
the  Lodge,  it  is  composed  of  members  who  are  also 
members  of  the  three  Lodges.  It  has  a  system  of 
charitable  work  arranged  similarly  to  the  Lodges. 
"The  Camp,"  as  it  is  frequently  called,  prides  itself 
upon  its  dramatic  rendition  of  its  secret  work  as  well 
as  its  binding  closer  into  the  fraternal  relation  thtj 
membership  of  the  order.  It  teaches  toleration,  hos- 
Xjitality,  and  endeavors  to  impress  its  members  with 
the  idea  of  unselfishness. 

Mr.  B.  H.  Woodell,  of  this  city,  has  been  Grand 
Secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge  for  sixteen  years.  A 
more  efficient  and  faithful  officer,  or  one  more  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  the  order  could  not  be  found. 

The  local  Lodges  of  the  order  of  Red  Men,  the  Elks, 
Jilnior  Order  of  American  Mechanics,  Knights  and 
Ladies  of  Honor,  Eoyal  Arcanum,  the  Heptasophs, 
Ancient  Order  United  Workmen,  and  the  Modern 
Puritans,  are  organizations  of  recent  date. 


GENERAL  LA  FAYETTE'S  VISIT  TO  RALEIGH- 

The  expected  arrival  in  Raleigh  of  this  dis- 
tinguished visitor  created  no  little  enthusiasm  in  the 
minds  of  the  people,  and  was  anticipated  as  one  of  the 
most  interesting  events  ever  having  occurred  in  our 
history.  From  the  Raleigh  Register  of  March  1, 1825, 
is  taken  the  following : 

"This  great  and  good  man  has,  ere  this,  arrived 
within  our  State  borders.  Before  our  paper  is  again 
issued,  we  shall  have  welcomed  to  our  city  the  hero 
whose  military  fame,  unsullied  patriotism  and  un- 
merited sufferings,  have  excited  the  admiration  of  all 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  105 

who  have  either  witnessed  or  heard  of  his  noble  deeds 
and  virtuous  conduct." 

In  its  issue  of  March  8,  1825,  the  Register  contains 
the  following-  description  of  La  Fayette's  arrival : 

^*0n  Tuesday  night  they  (La  Fayette,  his  son 
George  Washington,  and  Secretary)  slept  at  Col. 
Allen  Page's,  eleven  miles  from  this  city,  and  about 
twelve  o'clock  on  Wednesday  arrived  in  town.  They 
were  met  a  few  miles  from  this  place  by  the  well  dis- 
ciplined coi^DS  of  cavalry,  under  the  command  of  Col. 
Thomas  Polk,  of  Mecklenburg.  The  General  and  suite 
alighted  from  their  carriages,  and  were  introduced  to 
the  company  individually,  after  which,  preceded  by 
the  cavalry  and  followed  by  nearly  a  hundred  citizens 
on  horseback,  who  had  gone  to  meet  him,  they  pro- 
ceeded to  this  city.  At  the  limits  thereof  they  were 
met  by  the  handsome  company  of  light  infantry,  com- 
manded by  John  S.  Ruffin,  which  received  him  with 
military  honors.  Here  the  General  again  alighted, 
and  was  presented  to  each  member  of  the  company — 
the  interest  of  which  scene  was  heightened  by  fine 
martial  music  from  an  excellent  band.  After  this  cer~ 
emony,  the  procession  moved  in  the  following  order  to 
the  Government  House :  First,  the  cavalry ;  then  fol- 
lowed the  infantry,  succeeding  which,  in  an  open 
barouche,  drawn  by  four  elegant  iron-grays,  with  out- 
riders, were  General  La  Fayette  and  Col.  Wm.  Polk ; 
after  which,  in  carriages,  also  drawn  by  four  horses 
each,  were  George  W.  La  Fayette,  the  Secretary — M. 
Le  Vasseur — the  State  escort,  etc.  As  the  cavalcade 
proceeded  a  Federal  salute  was  fired  from  cannon 
placed  in  the  Capitol  Square,  on  reaching  which  the 
General  was  greeted  with  the  cheers  of  the  assembled 
multitude.  Every  door,  window  and  piazza  on  the 
street  was  crowded  with  ladies,  who  manifested  their 

8 


106  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

gratification  by  waving  their  handkerchiefs,  etc.  On 
reaching  the  Government  House  the  military  filed  off 
on  each  side,  leaving  a  sjjace  through  which  the  Gen- 
eral, suite  and  escort  passed.  In  the  vestibule  they 
were  received  by  the  Governor  and  committee  of  ar- 
rangements, and  conducted  to  the  reception  chamber, 
where  were  the  heads  of  the  Departments,  Judiciary 
and  other  citizens.  Governor  Burton  then  welcomed 
him  in  an  eloquent  address.  In  the  evening  a  ball  was 
given  complimentary  to  the  General,  held  at  the  Gov- 
ernment House.  In  the  centre  of  the  room,  surmount- 
ing the  pillars,  appeared  in  large  golden  characters, 
the  name  La  Fayette.  Though  no  military  trophies 
adorned  the  walls,  no  splendid  ornaments  excited  ad- 
miration, yet  there  were  two  subjects  which  spoke  to 
the  memory  and  feeling — a  large,  full-length  portrait 
of  Washington,  and  the  living  presence  of  his  great 
coadjutor  in  the  work  of  glory." 

In  the  family  of  the  late  Dr.  E.  Burke  Haywood 
there  may  now  be  seen  a  beautiful  litliographic  repre- 
sentation of  General  La  Fayette  and  Miss  Betsy  Hay- 
wood— daughter  of  Treasurer  Haywood,  and  sister  of 
Dr.  E.  Burke  Haywood — as  they  appeared  viewing  in 
admiration  the  Canova  statue  of  Washington  in  the 
rotunda  of  the  Capitol.  The  following  is  the  inscrip- 
tion at  the  foot  of  the  picture : 

"Canova's  statue  of  General  George  Washington 
as  it  appeared  on  the  pedestal  in  the  Statehouse 
rotunda  at  Raleigh,  Xorth  Carolina. 

"A  beautiful  light,  falling  from  the  dome  window 
upon  the  slab  of  marble,  illuminates  the  whole  statue. 

"La  Fayette  is  represented  viewing  this  masterly 
representation  of  his  beloved  General. 

"Respectfully  dedicated  to  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina  by  J.  Weisman. 

"Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress  in  the  year 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  107 

1840,  by  J.  Weisman,  in  the  Clerk's  office  of  the  Dis- 
trict Court  of  the  Eastern  District  of  Pa. 

"P.  S.  Duval,  Lith.,  Phiia." 


Resuming  consideration  of  the  early  inhabitants,  in 
1826  Henry  J.  Brown  came  to  Raleigh,  in  company 
with  his  father,  from  Petersburg,  Ya.  He  was  then 
fifteen  years  of  age.  Ten  years  later  he  embarked  in 
the  furniture  and  undertaking  business.  This  he  con- 
ducted with  much  success  until  his  death  in  1879.  A 
more  devout,  godly  man  and  upright  citizen  was  never 
a  resident  of  Raleigh.  He  married  in  early  life  Lydia 
Lane,  a  descendant  of  Col.  Joel  Lane.  Mr.  J.  W. 
Brown,  the  well  known  undertaker,  and  Jos.  G. 
Brown,  President  of  the  Citizens  National  Bank,  are 
his  only  living  sons. 

In  1830  Jordan  Womble  had  opened  his  grocery 
store  on  Hargett  street,  which  he  conducted  until  a 
few  years  before  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1891.  He 
left  many  descendants,  most  of  whom  live  in  Raleigh. 

The  population  in  1833  had  grown  to  about  1,800. 
Jas.  Litchford  was  still  the  leading  tailor,  whose  shop 
was  near  the  Rectory  of  Christ  Church.  C.  D.  Leh- 
man had  opened  a  drug  store,  and  Xeal  Brown  had 
found  that  Raleigh  would  support  a  wool  hat  factory. 
The  traveling  public  was  thought  to  need  better  hotel 
accommodations,  for  Edward  Rigsbee  had  opened  the 
City  Hotel.  Wesley  Whitaker  was  still  conducting 
his  business  of  manufacturing  pianos. 

J.  E.  Lumsden,  who  evidently  believed  that  "cleanli- 
ness was  next  to  godliness,"  was  the  proprietor  of  a 
bathing  establishment,  which  he  advertised  would  "be 
kept  open  from  sunrise  till  candle-light,  and  where 
hot  and  cold  baths  could  be  procured  at  reasonable 
rates." 


108  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Others  who  had  opened  business  by  this  time  were, 
Benj.  S.  King,  William  White,  Jno.  G.  Morehead, 
Wm.  W.  Taylor,  and  Turner  &  Hughes.  The  last 
mentioned  firm  were  also  the  publishers  of  the  North 
Carolina  Almanac. 


THE  NAT.  TURNER  INSURRECTION. 

When  Xat.  Turner's  massacre  of  fifty-five  persons 
occurred  in  Southampton,  Virginia,  in  1831,  the  whole 
of  Ealeigh  was  placed  under  arms.  The  able-bodied 
were  divided  into  four  companies,  each  to  patrol  the 
streets  every  fourth  night.  The  old  men  were  organ- 
ized as  ^^ Silver  Grays.-'  The  fortress  was  the  Presby- 
terian church,  and  it  was  agreed  that  whenever  the 
Stateliouse  bell  should  sound  the  women  and  children 
were  to  hasten  to  its  protecting  walls.  At  last,  one 
night  O'Kourke's  blacksmith  shop  took  fire.  It  was 
night,  and  one  of  the  most  fearful  scenes  ever  beheld 
in  Ealeigh,  it  is  said,  was  that  of  hundreds  of  women 
and  children  flying  through  the  streets  to  the  place  of 
common  refuge.  A  gentleman,  still  a  resident  of  this 
city,  then  a  mere  boy,  becoming  also  excited,  refused 
to  leave  his  home,  and  seizing  his  deceased  father's 
SAvord,  brandished  it  in  the  air  and  declared  his  pur- 
pose to  there  die  in  the  defence  of  the  household.  The 
negroes  were  frightened  more  than  the  whites.  They 
fled  and  hid  under  houses,  in  garden  shrubbery,  lay 
between  corn  rows — anywhere. 

There  never  was  a  time  when  the  colored  people  of 
Raleigh  would  have  risen  against  our  people.  It  is 
greatly  to  the  credit  of  both  races  that  notwithstand- 
ing party  animosity  and  sudden  emancipation,  the 
kindly  personal  feeling  between  the  whites  and  their 
old  servants  has  never  been  interrupted. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  1^^ 

Recurring  again  to  the  early  inhabitants,  E.  K.  C()l- 
burn  was  earlv  identified  with  Raleigh,  especially  in 
an  industriarcapacity.  He  came  here  from  Massa- 
chusetts in  1833,  as  a  stone  mason,  with  a  large  num- 
ber of  others,  to  assist  in  re-building  the  capitol.  -Ui. 
Colburn  was  the  father  of  Mrs.  Ellen  Seawell.  wife  of 
Mr.  Richard  Seawell.  . 

John  Dunn  was  then  tlie  proprietor  of  the  City 
Hotel,  situated  on  FayetteviUe  street,  near  the  court- 
house.    It  had  formerly  been  kept  by  Mrs  Jeter. 

Beckwith,  Blake  &  Co.,  in  1834.  were  in  the  drug 
business,  and  Wm.  H.  Grimme  had  opened  a  dry  goods 
and  o-rocem-  store.  Thos.  Cobbs  was  a  coach-maker, 
whose  shop  was  on  Edenton  street  near  the  Methodist 
church.  Mordecai  &  McKimmon,  Dunn  &  Ligon,  arid 
Mead  &  Averv,  had  been  added  to  the  list  of  dry  goods 
and  grocery  merchants,  and  Jas.  W.  Jeffreys  was  run- 
ning a  stage  line  from  Raleigh  to  -^  eldon.  Jno.  C. 
Stedman  was  in  the  jewelry  business  Carter  Jones 
had  opened  a  military  school,  while  Matthew  Hard- 
ford  was  cutting  and  making  gentleman  s  clothing  at 
ttrices  "to  suit  the  times." 

The  Star  and  the  North  Carolina  Gazette  had  com- 
bined and  was  published  by  Lawrence  and  Lemay. 

Henrv  Porter  came  among  us  about  this  time  from 
his  former  home  in  Sampson  County,  and  opened  a 
shoe-making  business.  Later,  in  18.52,  he  opened  a 
boot  and  shoe  store  on  FayetteviUe  street.  ;vl"Ch  he 
conducted  successfully  for  many  years.  Identified 
with  the  Methodist  church  from  his  arrival  here,  he 
soon  became  a  leader  with  its  members,  and  is  remem- 
bered bv  the  older  citizens  as  a  very  devout  man.  ue 
was  a  prominent  citizen  and  held  in  high  esteem  Mr. 
Porter  was  the  father  of  Messrs.  John  and  George 
Porter  and  the  late  Mrs.  Martha  Brewster. 

In  1836  an  obscure  young  man.  who  was  later  des- 


110  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

tined  to  be  the  Governor  of  his  native  State,  came  to 
Raleigh,  to  learn  the  art  of  printing.  This  was  Wil- 
liam W.  Holden,  and  his  age  eighteen  years.  He 
worked  for  several  years  in  the  office  of  the  Star  and 
Gazette^  and  boarded  with  one  of  the  editors,  Thos.  J. 
Lemay.  The  latter  lived  on  the  corner  of  HarringtOQ 
and  Jones  streets.  In  the  language  of  Governor  Hol- 
den himself,  while  so  working  he  slept  a  whole  winter 
in  a  log  cabin,  which  was  daubed  with  red  mud,  with- 
out any  fire,  even  in  the  coldest  weather.  This  cabin 
was  on  the  opposite  corner  from  Mr.  Lemay's,  on  the 
site  of  the  late  residence  of  Mr.  W.  B.  Hutchings.  In 
1843  Mr.  Holden  purchased  the  Standard  newspaper, 
in  the  editorial  conduct  of  which  he  proved  to  be  a 
writer  having  but  few  equals  in  the  country. 

Mr.  Joseph  W.  Holden  was  the  eldest  son  of  ex-Gov. 
Holden.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives in  1868,  1869  and  1870,  and  enjoyed  the 
reputation  of  being  the  most  capable  officer  who  has 
ever  occupied  that  position  in  this  State.  He  was 
afterwards  elected  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Raleigh.  He 
died  at  an  early  age  and  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the 
most  talented  men  that  the  State  has  ever  produced. 
His  poem  of  Hatteras  was  written  before  he  entered 
politics,  and  this  piece  of  composition  will  live  until 
the  everlasting  rocks  of  Cape  Hatteras  and  time  are 
no  more.     He  died  in  1875,  aged  thirty-one  years. 

In  1838  the  Biblical  Recorder  was  removed  from 
Xew  Bern  to  Raleigh.  It  was  then  but  three  years 
old.  Rev.  Thos.  Meredith,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished ministers  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  this 
State,  was  the  editor.  It  has  since  changed  hands 
many  times.  Mr.  J.  H.  Alford,  long  identified  with 
our  people  as  a  man  of  exalted  character,  and  with 
the  Baptist  denomination  as  one  its  most  devout  mem- 
bers and  deacons,  was  an  apprentice  in  the  office  of 


HISTOEICAL  RALEIGH. 


Ill 


this  paper,  which  he  entered  in  the  year  1848.  The 
RZoVer  is  now  edited  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Bailey,  one  of 
the  ablest  writers  for  the  religious  press  m  the  South 
The  North  Carolina  Christian  Advocate  was  not 
founded  until  1855.  In  1867  the  name  was  changed 
to  the  Episcopal  Methodist,  and  three  years  later  it 


DR.  AV.   H.    M'KEE. 

Died  in  1875 ;  aged  sixty -two  years. 

became  the  Raleigh  Christian  Advocate,  ^i^  Papej 
is  the  organ  of  the  North  Carolina  Conference, 
ns  first  elitor  was  Kev.  Paifus  T^  Heflin.  Among 
other  editors,  there  have  been  Kev.  ^.  i^-  ^fj^ 
Rev  F  L.  Reid,  Rev.  Dr.  Black.  It  is  now  conducted 
bv  Rev  Thos.  N.  Ivev,  a  journalist  of  eminent  ability. 
At  this  period  (1838)  there  were  but  two  residency 
of  the  least  pretension  in  that  part  of  the  city  north 


112  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

and  west  of  the  Methodist  church;  these  were  the 
Leniay  residence,  above  mentioned,  and  the  Iredell 
place,  late  the  residence  of  Col.  W.  J.  Hicks,  corner  of 
Edenton  and  Dawson  streets.  The  site  of  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Institution  was  open,  unoccupied  land. 

Among  the  leading  business  men  at  that  time  were 
Eufifin  Tucker,  T.  H.  Selby,  Joshua  Lumsden,  C.  W.  D. 
Hutchings,  Wm.  T.  Bain,  Henry  J.  Brown,  Henry 
Porter,  Lewis  W.  Peck,  Wesley  Whitaker,  Eldridge 
Smith,  Turner  &  Hughes,  Jno.  G.  Marshal,  Jno. 
Stuart,  Wm.  W.  Taylor,  Benj.  S.  King,  and  Williams 
&  Haywood.  John  Primrose,  father  of  W.  S.  Prim- 
rose, was  then  in  the  dry  goods  business.  Thos.  B. 
Oliyer  was  keeping  a  ready-made  clothing  house,  Jas. 
Newland  had  a  boot  and  shoe  store,  and  Bernard 
Dupuy  was  conducting  a  jewelry  business.  Mr. 
Dupuy  was  later  succeeded  by  Mr.  Chas.  B.  Boot. 

In  these  "good  old  days,''  when  everyone  traveled 
(who  traveled  at  all)  by  stage-coach,  Petersburg,  Va., 
was  the  northern  market  in  which  merchants  bought 
their  o-oods.  The  time  consumed  in  ffoinor  to  or  com- 
ing  from  this  place  was  as  great  as  it  now  takes  to  go 
to  Boston  and  return.  The  only  mail  and  passenger 
stages  from  the  North  via  Kaleigh  left  Petersburg  on 
Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays  at  3  a.  m.  They 
arrived  at  Warrenton  on  the  same  days  at  8  p.  m.,  sev- 
enteen hours  on  the  road.  They  left  Warrenton  at 
3  o'clock  next  morning,  and  were  expected  to  be  in 
Raleigh  the  same  day  at  6  p.  m.,  covering  fifty-five 
miles  in  fifteen  hours.  The  travelers  and  mails  go- 
ing further  South  left  Baleigh  on  Mondays,  Wednes- 
days and  Fridays  at  3  a.  m.,  and  were  to  be  in  Fayette- 
ville  on  the  same  days  at  5  p.  m. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  113 


EARLY  RAILROADS. 

Any  attempt  to  record  the  progress  of  a  city  a  cen- 
tury old  which  should  fail  to  notice  the  introduction 
of  travel  by  the  locomotive  would  be  unpardonable. 
Therefore  some  reference  to  the  first  railroad  with 
vrhich  Kaleigh  became  acquainted  may,  it  is  hoped, 
prove  somewhat  interesting. 

The  capital  of  the  State  was  fifty  years  old  before 
its  i)opulation  had  scarcely  exceeded  two  thousand. 
Being  an  inland  town,  and  having  communication 
with  the  outside  world  only  by  stage-coaches  and  like 
vehicles,  this  small  number  of  inhabitants  were  not 
unreasonable.  But  with  the  advent  of  1810  signs  of 
better  times  appeared,  for  that  year  witnessed  the 
completion  of  the  Kaleigh  and  Gaston  Railroad.  The 
northern  terminus  was  first  at  Gaston,  instead  of  Wel- 
don,  as  in  later  years.  The  name  of  Gaston  was  given 
in  honor  of  Judge  William  Gaston.  The  completion 
of  the  road  was  hailed  by  a  celebration  which  lasted 
for  three  days.  From  distant  counties  men,  women 
and  children  came  to  see  the  new  wonders — the  State- 
house,  the  railroad  and  locomotive.  At  night  the 
trees  of  Capitol  Square  were  illuminated  with  colored 
lamps,  as  well  also  as  Fayetteville  street.  Gorgeous 
transparencies  could  be  everywhere  seen.  One  was  a 
representation  of  a  locomotive,  another  of  the  State- 
house. 

The  name  of  the  first  locomotive  was  the  ^^Torna- 
do,''  which  was  a  one-wheel  driver,  and  without  any 
cab.  It  reached  Raleigh  on  the  10th  of  May,  1840. 
The  iron  for  the  track  became  exhausted  when  the 
construction  crew  were  mthin  a  few  miles  of  Raleigh, 
and  as  the  engine  was  due  here  on  the  above  date,  it 
ran  that  distance  and  safelv  into  town  over  the  bare 


114  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

^^stringers.-'  Mr.  C.  B.  Eoot,  then  but  a  very  young 
man,  had  the  distinction — together  with  several  other 
friends — of  riding  into  the  city  on  the  tender  of  the 
engine,  from  Crabtree  Bridge,  three  miles  distant, 
where  they  had  gone  for  that  purpose. 

The  name,  ^Tornado,''  was  evidently  not  without 
significance,  being  probably  suggested  by  the  great 
speed  the  ^^machine'-  could  make,  the  schedule  time 
being  eighty-six  miles  (the  distance  between  Kaleigh 
and  Gaston)  in  twelve  hours,  provided  it  could  be 
kept  on  the  sills,  or  '^stringers,"  as  the  wooden  rails 
were  called.  These  were  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet 
in  length  and  about  eight  inches  in  height,  to  which 
were  nailed  strips  or  bars  of  iron.  On  these  the  cars 
ran.  These  strips  were  of  three  separate  dimensions : 
two  inches  by  one-half  inch,  two  inches  by  five-eighths 
of  an  inch,  and  two  and  one-fourth  inches  by  five- 
eighths  of  an  inch. 

Frequently  the  locomotive  would  jump  the  track  as 
if  attempting  to  take  to  the  w^oods,  leaving  the  train 
crew  helpless  until  assisted  by  the  neighboring  farm- 
ers and  field  hands  to  place  it  back  on  the  track. 
Sometimes  the  passengers  would  be  forced  to  get  out 
of  the  coach — one  only  of  which  could  be  drawn  at  a 
time — and  push  the  engine  up  the  hill  or  grading. 

Mr.  Rufus  H.  Horton  (now  retired  and  seventy-six 
years  of  age)  came  on  the  road  as  fireman  in  1845. 
His  compensation  was  the  munificent  sum  of  six  dol- 
lars per  month  and  ^'rations.*'  It  was  a  common  oc- 
currence for  the  engineer  to  be  forced  to  stop  the 
engine  for  lack  of  wood,  and  to  tear  down  the  farmers' 
fences  to  get  fuel  sufficient  to  get  to  the  next  station. 

The  names  of  other  engines  were  equally  significant 
as  that  of  the  Tornado ;  these  were,  the  Tempest,  Vol- 
cano, Whirlwind,  and  Spitfire. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  115 

"This  road,"  said  Turner  &  Hughes,  in  their  alma- 
nac of  1811,  "is  esteemed  one  of  the  best  in  the  United 
States.'' 

The  following  are  the  names  of  some  of  the  early 
conductors:  J.  B.  Timberlake,  Littleton  E.  Riggin, 
Jeptha  Horton,  Creighton  Williams,  Thos.  G.  Arring- 
ton,  the  first  and  last  mentioned  yet  living.  Capt. 
Timberlake,  though  more  than  eighty  years  of  age,  is 
still  in  railroad  service,  being  the  ticket  agent  for  the 
S.  A.  L.  Railroad  at  Johnson  Street  Station.  Capt. 
Arrington  yet  entertains  his  numerous  friends  at  the 
Yarborough  House. 

The  oldest  man  in  the  service  of  the  company  in 
Raleigh,  is  Rufus  H.  Horton,  above  mentioned.  Dur- 
ing his  fifty-six  years  in  Raleigh  no  one  has  been  more 
honored  by  a  large  circle  of  friends,  nor  held  in  higher 
esteem,  his  life  and  character  having  been  such  as  to 
merit  all  the  consideration  that  he  and  his  numerous 
friends  could  wish.  He  is  now  seventy-six  years 
of  age.  Mr.  Horton,  after  serving  for  two  years  as 
fireman,  became  an  engineer. 

Other  old-time  engineers  were  Wortham  New^ton, 
Jesse  Shaw,  Thomas  Jenkins,  John  Cooper,  Jno.  L. 
Stone,  Alex.  Davis,  Charles  Holleman,  Sidney  Hin- 
ton,  John  Metcalf,  Ed.  C.  White,  Jack  Sledge,  Fab. 
Beavers,  Joe  H.  Perry,  Jas.  Lawrence,  Alpheus  Fai- 
son,  Mortimer  Fleming,  John  Beckham.  Besides 
Rufus  Horton  and  Jesse  Shaw,  the  two  last  mentioned 
are  the  only  survivors. 

In  the  machine  shops  in  the  earlier  periods  were 
Albert  Johnson,  J.  B.  Gayle,  B.  R.  Harding,  Peter 
Fleming,  Sidney  Smethurst,  Joseph  Jackson,  Emery 
Burns,  John  Utley,  H.  Clay  Johnson,  Augustus  Per- 
due, Frederick  Rideout,  Ed.  C.  Lougee,  Robert  Pace, 
Josiah  Willson,  Jas.  Hollister,  Henry  Pace,  Wm.  Hor- 


116  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

ton,  Jas.  Pace,  Joe  DeCarteret,  J.  C.  S.  Lumsden, 
Jas.  West,  A.  V.  Frost.  O.  D.  Lipscomb,  Marshall 
Betts,  Harris  Vaughan  and  Anderson  Betts  were  en- 
gaged in  the  carpenters'  department. 

Among  the  officers  of  the  road,  the  following  have 
been  President:  Wesley  Hollister,  W.  J.  Hawkins, 
L.  O'B.  Branch,  Geo.  W.'^Mordecai,  Gaston  H.  Wilder, 
E.  W.  Lassiter;  Superintendents:  P.  A.  Dunn,  S.  S. 
Royster,  W.  G.  Lewis,  A.  B.  Andrews,  J.  C.  Winder. 

Major  W.  W.  Vass  was  for  nearly  half  a  century  the 
Treasurer.  From  1848  till  1851,  when  the  road  was 
owned  by  the  State,  he  was  the  President.  In  the 
last  mentioned  year  the  State  disposed  of  the  road  to  a 
new  organization — the  old  name  of  Raleigh  and  Gas- 
ton Railroad  being  retained — and  Major  Vass  was 
again  elected  Treasurer.  He  was  a  man  of  honor, 
and  held  in  the  highest  esteem  wherever  knoT\Ti.  He 
died  in  1896. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Martin,  until  his  resignation  in  1901,  had 
served  in  Raleigh  as  Auditor  for  the  old  Raleigh  and 
Gaston  Railroad,  and  later  as  General  Auditor  for  the 
Seaboard  Air  Line  System  in  Portsmouth,  Ya.  Be- 
fore his  removal  to  the  latter  place  in  1893,  he  had 
been  a  resident  of  Raleigh  for  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century.  Here  his  life  had  been  one  of  most  faith- 
ful devotion  to  duty,  and  his  character  a  fit  model  for 
rising  youth.  By  integrity,  industry,  indomitable  will, 
together  with  fidelity  to  every  trust,  and  fulfilling 
every  obligation  to  society  and  to  his  fellow  man,  he 
rose  to  positions  such  as  are  occupied  but  seldom  by 
men  other  than  those  possessing  these  qualities. 

Mr.  Martin  is  again  a  resident  of  Raleigh,  where  he 
is  engaged  in  business  enterprises  involving  the  exer- 
cise of  the  soundest  judgment  and  intelligence  of  the 
highest  order. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  HT 

In  1840  the  population  was  but  2,240.  Among  the 
tailors  was  T.  R.  Fentress,  who  had  a  shop  where  the 
Dime  Savings  Bank  stands.  T.  C.  Jones  was  the 
proprietor  of  a  new  house  of  entertainment  at  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  Capitol  Square.  Lawrence 
&  Christophers  (the  latter  the  father  of  Mr.  C.  D. 
Christophers)  were  bakers.  John  H.  DeCarteret  had 
a  bookbinderv,  the  first  which  Raleigh  had  felt  able  to 
support.  Vf.  J.  Ramsey  had  a  jewelry  store,  and  Mrs. 
Martha    Ann    Ramsey    was  conducting  a  millinery 

store. 

The  Methodist  Female  Seminary,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Rev.  Bennett  T.  Blake,  was  also  then  in  a  flour- 
ishing condition.  This  was  on  Hillsboro  street,  be- 
tween Dawson  and  McDowell.  Later  principals  of 
this  school  were  Rev.  D.  R.  Bruton,  Rev.  W.  E.  Pell, 
Rev.  Mr.  Christian,  and  perhaps  others. 

The  ^'Raleigh  Guards,''  about  this  time  was  the 
name  of  a  flourishing  military  company ;  it  was  under 
the  command  of  Captain  Lucas. 


REMOVAL  OF  THE  OLD  MARKET. 

It  was  about  the  year  1840  that  the  market  was  re- 
moved from  Hargett  street  to  its  present  location. 
When  on  that  street  the  structure  was  but  a  mere 
shed.  It  was  situated  in  the  centre  of  that  thorough- 
fare between  Wilmington  and  Fayetteville  streets, 
facing  west,  with  a  narrow  driveway  on  either  side, 
the  same  as  the  present  market  building.  Much  ex- 
citement was  occasioned  by  the  agitation  of  the  ques- 
tion of  its  removal,  the  saloon  keepers  and  others  who 
had  places  of  business  contiguous,  naturally  fearing 


118  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

that  such  action  would  bring  to  them  serious  business 
loss.  The  matter  was  put  to  a  popular  vote,  resulting 
in  the  defeat  of  those  opposing  the  removal.  The  vic- 
tors desired  to  celebrate  the  event,  and  accordingly  or- 
ganized a  torchlight  procession,  in  which  a  large  num- 
ber of  the  people  joined.  On  the  night  of  the  ''jubi- 
lee," while  the  procession  was  passing  through  Har- 
gett  street,  some  one  threw  a  stone  which  struck  a 
member  of  the  saloon  faction,  whereupon  a  riot  at  once 
followed.  Blows  with  bottles,  bricks  and  sticks  were 
freely  exchanged,  but  with  one  exception  no  injuries 
were  sustained.  Jack  Buffaloe  received  a  slight 
wound  with  a  knife  in  the  hands  of  some  unknown 
■opponent. 

The  conditions  existing  about  the  bar-rooms  and  in 
the  dens  around  the  old  market  constituted  the  prin- 
cipal reason  for  the  better  element  of  society  being 
anxious  for  the  change.  The  locality  was  then  called 
"Grog  Alley" — Wilmington  street,  between  Hargett 
and  Martin,  was  known  as  "Cologne." 

Kaleigh  had  no  police  force  at  that  period,  a  town 
constable — who,  at  this  time,  was  Jas.  Murray — being 
all  the  protection,  in  that  respect,  the  city  had — the 
night  watch,  composed  of  private  citizens,  not  going 
on  duty  till  9  p.  m. 

After  the  destruction  of  the  old  market  building  on 
Hargett  street,  a  new  one  was  erected  on  Fayetteville, 
and  on  the  present  site.  The  structure  was  a  small 
affair,  though  it  had  a  hall  above  for  j)ublic  enter- 
tainments. It  had  not,  however,  any  rooms  devoted 
to  offices  for  city  officials.  Indeed,  all  the  officers  the 
city  had,  besides  the  commissioners  (as  the  aldermen 
were  then  called),  were  the  mayor,  clerk  and  town 
constable,  the  clerk  performing  the  functions  of  tax- 
<collector.     The  mayor's  office  was  compelled  to  do 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


119 


duty  for  this  entire  business.  This  was  in  a  small 
brick  structare  in  the  rear  of  the  market,  and  fronted 
on  Wihnington  street.  In  the  rear  of  this  room  was 
the  "guard-house,"  as  it  was  popularly  termed. 

Before  the  removal  of  the  market  from  Hargett 
street,  Eldridge  Smith,  J.  J.  Christophers  and  Shad- 
rach  Weddon  were  the  only  butchers.  It  is  stated  on 
the  authority  of  one  of  the  older  inhabitants  that  the 
demand  for  fresh  beef  was  so  meagre,  and  the  popula- 
tion small,  that  before  the  slaughtering  of  any  ani- 
mals was  undertaken,  the  butchers,  from  time  to  time, 
would  call  on  the  people  and  take  their  orders,  that 
the  former  might  accommodate  the  supply  of  fresh 
meats  to  the  demand. 


Among  others  remembered  by  the  older  inhabitants, 
was  W.  J.  Grifiace,  who  kept  a  confectionery  shop  in 
a  little  house,  which  is  yet  standing  on  the  corner  of 
Morgan  and  Salisbury  streets.  He  came  here  in  1810. 
He  was  a  devout  man,  a  consistent  member  of  Eden- 
ton  Street  Methodist  Church,  and  had  many  friends. 
He  was  the  first  candy  manufacturer  Kaleigh  had 
ever  known. 

Bartlett  Upchurch,  in  the  early  forties,  came  here 
to  engage  in  the  business  of  coach-making.  He  estab- 
lished a  shop  on  East  Hargett  street,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1857.  He  was  a 
brother  of  Wm.  C.  Upchurch. 

Alfred  Upchurch,  brother  of  Wm.  C.  and  Bartlett 
Upchurch,  came  later,  and  after  serving  an  appren- 
ticeship in  coach-making  under  his  brother  Bartlett, 
engaged  in  business  for  himself,  which  he  conducted 
with  success  throughout  the  greater  part  of  his  life. 


120  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

He  died  a  few  years  ago,  at  an  advanced  age.  Mr.  Up- 
church  represented  at  one  time  his  ward  in  the  city 
cotmcil. 

Wiley  W.  Johnson  and  Jno.  R.  Harrison  in  1848  had 
then  formed  a  copartnership  for  the  manufacture  of 
carriages,  buggies  and  wagons.  Their  place  of  busi- 
ness was  at  the  old  Clark  Shop,  corner  of  Morgan  and 
McDowell  streets.  Afterwards  Mr.  Johnson  con- 
tinued the  business  alone,  on  the  site  of  the  Trade 
Building  on  Wilmington  street,  and  Mr.  Harrison  had 
gone  into  the  manufacture  of  cars  for  the  N.  C.  Rail- 
road. His  shop  was  immediately  west  of  West  street. 
Later,  Messrs.  W.  David  Williams  and  N.  S.  Harp, 
John  O'Rourke  and  Thomas  Jenkins  also  embarked 
in  the  business  of  coach-making. 

The  late  Jas.  H.  Enniss  accompanied  Peter  F.  Pes- 
cud  from  Petersburg  here  in  1844.  Mr.  Enniss  for  a 
long  time  was  a  clerk  in  the  store  of  the  Stiths.  He 
afterwards  made  his  home  in  Salisbury,  but  returned 
to  Raleigh  in  1869,  where  he  resided  until  his  death 
in  1900.  He  was  a  man  of  very  superior  intelligence, 
and  for  a  long  time  the  publisher  of  the  N.  C.  Al- 
manac. 

John  R.  Whitaker  in  1844  had  opened  a  dry  goods, 
hardware  and  grocery  store,  W.  J.  Clarke  was  prac- 
ticing law,  and  W.  H.  &  C.  Grimme  had  opened  a 
dry  goods  and  grocery  store  on  the  corner  of  Fayette- 
ville  and  Hargett  streets.  S.  W.  Whiting  (father  of 
Whiting  Bros.,  proprietors  of  the  popular  clothing 
house  of  that  name),  was  agent  of  the  Aetna  Fire  In- 
surance Company.  T.  H.  Snow  had  then  been  added  to 
the  list  of  Fay ett evil le  street  merchants,  and  Jas. 
Litchford  and  Burbon  Smith  were  conducting:  a  tailor- 
ino'  business.     C.  C.  Xelson  was  sellino^  drv  goods. 

The   "Raleigh   Fire   Company''   was   organized   in 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  121 

1814.  Two  of  the  officers  were  C.  B.  Root,  Captain; 
William  C.  Upchurch,  Treasurer.  Both  of  these  pub- 
lic-spirited citizens  are  vet  living.  They  are  referred 
to  more  fullv  elsewhere  in  this  work. 


OLD-TIME  COMMON  OR  "FREE  SChOOLS." 

While  the  private  schools  of  Raleigh  were,  as  a  rule, 
of  a  high  order,  the  ''free  schools,"  as  the  common  or 
public  schools  Avere  sometimes  opprobriouslv  termed, 
were  confined  to  the  lower  grades  of  study — reading, 
writing  and  arithmetic.  The  school-houses  here  were 
built  about  1811,  Fayetteville  and  Halifax  streets  be- 
ing the  dividing  line  between  two  districts.  The 
Eastern  Ward  school-house  was  in  Moore  Square, 
ustuilly  known  as  the  "Baptist  Grove" ;  the  Western, 
on  William  Boylan's  land,  immediately  west  of  the 
land  of  Sylvester  Smith.  This  latter  was  abandoned 
in  a  year  or  tAvo,  and  another  btiilt  on  the  southwest 
corner  of  Cabarrus  and  McDowell  streets,  and  known 
as  the  Gum  Spring  school.  After  a  few  years  a  third, 
designed  for  females  only,  Avas  built  at  the  northwest 
corner  of  the  old  City  Cemetery.  The  Cabarrus  and 
McDoAvell  street  house  was  sold  to  the  Gas  Company 
in  1858,  and  another  erected  in  Nash  Square.  Sub- 
sequently the  school  was  taught  in  an  old  field  (on 
which  now  stands  a  block  of  residences)  immediately 
Avest  of  the  residence  of  Mr.  C.  S.  Allen,  on  West 
Hargett  street.  Our  venerable  and  highly  esteemed 
citizen,  Mr.  E.  B.  Thomas,  now  eighty-one  years  of 
age,  Avas  the  teacher  for  tAvo  years  or  more.  The 
Eastern  Ward  school,  in  the  ^'Baptist  Grove,"  was 
taught  by  Mr.  Wm.  T.  Womble.  He  now  has  a  private 
9 


122  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

school,  for  boYS,  and  uses  the  ''rod,"  it  is  said,  as  freeh' 
as  in  the  "good  old  days." 

''It  was  not  at  all  uncommon,"  says  the  North 
Carolina  historian,  Mr.  Stephen  B.  Weeks,  in  com- 
menting* on  the  old-time  "free  school,'-  "to  find 
the  school-houses  without  ground  or  loft  floors, 
and  with  chimneys  built  of  sticks  and  dirt.  Fuel 
was  supplied  by  brush,  which  the  children  were 
sent  out  eyery  few  hours  to  gather;  and  about  the 
fire  there  was  a  perpetual  scramble  for  the  inside 
position,  while  the  young  men  and  women  and 
older  children  ciphered  out  of  doors  in  the  sun, 
forming  yery  social  but  not  studious  little  parties  on 
the  sunny  side  of  surrounding  trees."  Continuing, 
Mr.  Weeks  says :  "The  large  majority  of  teachers  in- 
structed only  in  the  elementary  branches  of  spelling, 
reading,  writing  and  arithmetic.  English  grammar 
was  not  taught,  perhaps,  in  a  majority  of  the  schools, 
and  geography,  as  a  general  thing,  was  an  unknown 
science.  The  teacher,  in  most  cases  a  law  unto  him- 
self and  a  neighborhood  oracle,  knew  little  of  the 
methods  of  his  brethren  in  other  places,  and  neyer  re- 
garded himself  as  an  element  of  a  general  system ;  and 
his  progress  was  only  in  the  mechanical  art  of  writing. 
The  method  of  teaching  was  extremely  primitiye — to 
look  on  the  book  and  make  a  decent  droning  noise  of 
any  kind,  not  out  of  the  common  key,  would  insure 
immunity  from  the  all-potent  rod.  There  were  no 
lectures,  few  explanations,  no  oral  instruction — to 
get  through  the  book  was  the  great  end,  and  to  whip 
well  the  paramount  means." 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  123 


(\  DISTINGUISHED  GUEST. 

No  event  that  had  ever  occurred  in  the  history  of 
Raleigh  v^-as  hailed  with  so  much  joy,  or  aroused 
more  enthusiasm,  than  the  visit,  in  April,  1844,  of 
Henry  Clay,  the  Whig  candidate  for  President.  Thou- 
sands of  people  came  from  various  parts  of  the  State 
to  do  honor  to  the  statesman.  The  hotels  were  all 
full,  as  were  the  boarding-houses,  and  more  than  a 
thousand  persons  camped  out,  in  the  suburbs  of  the 
city,  having  journeyed  their  way  to  Raleigh  in  wag- 
ons— a  great  number  of  them  many  miles — in  full  ex- 
pectation of  caring  for  themselves  while  here  in  this 
manner.  Four  or  five  acres  were  closely  studded 
with  vehicles  of  every  description,  with  baggage  wag- 
ons and  tents  of  every  form  and  variety. 

Mr.  Clay  arrived  on  the  12th  of  April,  at  7  o'clock  in 
the  evening,  under  escort  of  a  committee  who  had 
gone  to  meet  him,  accompanied  by  Capt.  Stith's  Cav- 
alry, Capt.  Lucas'  infantry,  and  the  Committee  of 
Reception.  On  his  arrival  here,  Hon.  Geo.  E.  Bad- 
ger delivered  an  address  of  welcome,  after  which  Mr. 
Clay  was  escorted  to  the  Governor's  "Palace,"  where 
he  was  introduced  to  the  Chief  Executive.  Later,  he 
was  escorted  to  the  residence  of  Mr.  Badger,  at  whose 
home  he  was  the  guest  during  his  sojourn  here. 

On  the  next  day  a  procession  formed  at  the  Capitol 
Square  at  11  o'clock.  It  then  moved  to  the  Govern- 
or's "Palace,"  where  Mr.  Clay  was  received  in  an 
open  carriage,  drawn  by  four  gray  horses,  and  escorted 
to  the  capitol.  Here,  after  being  introduced  to  the 
vast  assemblage  of  people  present,  he  delivered  an 
address  of  two  hours  length. 

Then  followed  a  big  barbecue  at  Bennehan's  Grove. 
Mr.  T.  H.  Snow,  who  was  orderly  sergeant  of  the  Ra- 


124 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


leigh  Guards,  was  chairman  of  the  committee  of  ar- 
rangements. ( Bennehan's  Grove  was  on  the  square  or 
block  bounded  by  Morgan,  Bloodworth,  Blount  and 
Hargett  streets.) 

At  night  the  city  was  illuminated  in  honor  of  this 
event   and   a  grand   display   of   fireworks   was   wit- 


KUFCS  H.   HORTON. 

Veteran  locomotive  engineer  ;  aged  seventy-six  years. 


nessed,  under  the  direction  of  the  late  Col.  W.  H.  H. 
Tucker. 

The  next  day,  being  Sunday,  Mr.  Clay  attended  di- 
vine worship  at  Edenton  Street  Methodist  Church. 

An  interesting  incident  of  Mr.  Clay's  visit  was  the 
presentation  to  him,  by  Miss  Lucilla  Harriss,  of  Gran- 
ville county,  of  a  beautiful  silk  vest  pattern,  '^of  her 
own  manttfacture,  from  the  cocoon  to  the  beautiful 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  125 

fabric,  with  the  request  that  he  should  wear  it 
when  he  shall  deliver  his  inaugural  address  on  the  4th 
of  March,  1S45,  as  President  of  the  United  States/' 

Mr.  Clay  received  the  vest  with  many  thanks,  most 
heartilv  and  delicately  expressed,  and  said  that  if  he 
liveil  and  should  be  the  choice  of  the  people  for  the 
Presidencv,  he  would  be  too  glad  to  comply  with  the 
request.  He  then  turned  and  exhibited  the  vest  to  the 
audience,  who  ^'applauded  in  rapturous  peals  of  grat- 
ulation"— as  one  enthusiastic  supporter  of  the  Whig 
candidate  expressed  it. 

The  distinguished  guest  left  Raleigh  Monday  for 
Petersburg,  under  escort  of  a  special  committee  from 
that  citv. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  it  was  in  Raleigh  that 
Mr.  Clav  wrote  the  ill-fated  letter  opposing  the  annex- 
ation of  Texas  to  the  United  States,  which  it  was 
thought  defeated  him  for  the  Presidency. 


Ruffin  Tucker,  in  184G  was  still  one  of  the  leading 
merchants.  W.  H.  H.  Tucker,  his  eldest  son,  was  then 
received  by  his  father  as  a  partner,  and  the  firm  of 
R.  Tucker  &  Son  conducted  their  affairs  with  success, 
until  its  dissolution  bv  the  death  of  the  senior  partner 
on  the  9th  April,  ISoi,  when  W.  H.  H.  Tucker  united 
his  tAvo  vounger  brothers,  Rufus  S.  and  the  late  Dr. 
J  J.  W.'^Tucker,  with  him,  the  latter  as  a  silent  part- 
ner, under  the  name  of  W.  H.  &  R.  S.  Tucker.  Under 
this  name  they  continued  their  pursuits  with  undimin- 
ished energv,  but  with  an  unavoidable  cessation  of 
two  vears  during  the  Civil  War.  After  the  death  of 
the  senior  partner,  W.  H.  H.  Tucker,  in  1882.  Major 
R.  S.  Tucker  continued  the  business  until  1883,  when 
he  retired,  succeeded  by  Messrs.  Boylan,  McKimmon, 


126  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Dobbin  and  Poe,  the  new  firm  retaining  the  old  firm 
name  of  W.  H.  &  K.  S.  Tucker  &  Co.  After  several 
changes  in  the  personelle  of  the  firm,  in  1898  W.  H.  & 
R.  S.  Tucker  &  Co.  dissolved,  and  the  business  has 
since  been  continued  by  T.  W.  Dobbin  and  Jos.  F. 
Ferrall  as  Dobbin  &  Ferrall. 

Mr.  Henry  S.  Wilton,  who  died  but  recently,  had 
moved  among  us  continually  for  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury,  and  at  his  death  was  eighty-three  years  of  age. 
He  came  to  Raleigh  in  the  early  forties.  For  many 
years  he  worked  in  the  car  shops  of  the  old  Raleigh 
and  Gaston  Railroad,  where  he  was  engaged  as  decora- 
tor of  fine  coaches  at  the  time  when  the  company  con- 
structed most  of  its  own  property  of  that  character. 
Mr.  Wilton  was  a  man  of  spotless  character,  and  had 
many  friends. 

A  prominent  resident  of  the  old  days  was  Major 
John  Devereux,  who  was  born  in  Raleigh  in  1819.  He 
was  a  son  of  Thos.  P.  Devereux,  Esq.,  and  was  gradu- 
ated with  distinction  at  Yale  College  in  1810.  During 
the  Civil  War  he  was  Assistant  Quartermaster  of 
State  troops,  and  to  his  skill  and  energy  was  due  the 
fact,  it  is  said,  of  North  Carolina  soldiers  having  been 
better  clothed  and  fed  than  any  others  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia.  In  early  life  he  married  Margaret 
Mordecai,  a  descendant  of  Col.  Joel  Lane,  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Moses  Mordecai,  who  was  a  noted  Raleigh  lawyer 
in  his  day.  Major  Devereux  was  an  upright  man.  He 
died  in  April,  1893.  His  widow  is  yet  living,  now 
seventy-nine  years  of  age,  and  much  beloved  b}'  a  widt) 
circle  of  friends. 

Patrick  G.  Linehan  was  another  old-time  inhabi- 
tant. He  settled  among  us  in  1819.  He  was  one  of 
the  sturdiest  and  most  industrious  of  men,  and  in  his 
lifetime  proved  of  much  usefulness  to  the  people.     By 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  127 

trade  he  was  a  stone-mason ;  he  became  largely  inter- 
ested in  qnari^-ing,  and  was  the  contractor  for  the 
masonry  of  many  important  enterprises,  i)rincipally 
bridge  building  on  the  A^arious  lines  of  railroads  in  the 
State.  An  endnring  monument  to  his  skill  was  the 
foundation  of  the  present  Post  Office  Building,  the 
corner-stone  of  which  was  laid  in  1874,  on  which  occa- 
sion Hon.  John  Nichols,  then  Grand  Master  Mason  of 
the  State,  conducted  the  Masonic  ceremonies.  Mr. 
W.  A.  Linehan,  of  the  clothing  firm  of  Cross  &  Line- 
han,  is  Mr.  Linehan's  eldest  son. 

Mr.  Eobert  Dobbin,  the  veteran  shoemaker,  has  been 
a  resident  for  more  than  half  a  century.  He  came 
here  in  1818,  since  which  time  he  has  been  one  of  our 
staunchest  citizens  and  most  honorable  men.  His 
first  work  was  for  O.  L.  Burch,  who  kept  a  shop  on 
Fayetteville  street.  Although  now  seventy-five  years 
of  age,  Mr.  Dobbin  still  works  with  that  clock-like 
regularity  that  has  characterized  him  through  life. 
No  better  man  can  any  city  claim  than  Robert  Dobbin. 

In  1815  another  hotel  was  added  to  the  number  of 
houses  of  entertainment.  This  Avas  the  Washington 
Hotel.  It  Avas  situated  on  East  Morgan  street,  on 
the  site  now  occupied  by  the  shops  of  Building  Con- 
tractors Bonniwell  &  Coffey.  It  was  then  kept  by 
Alfred  M.  Lewis,  who  was  afterward  succeeded  by 
Frank  King,  and  later  by  Robert  Perry.  Subse- 
quently the  house  grew  into  disrepute,  and  was  then 
known  as  the  ^^Buttermilk  Tavern.'' 

The  ^'p/r/f  of  the  Age,  a  great  temperance  paper, 
made  its  appearance  in  1818.  It  was  published  by 
Alexander  M.  Gorman,  an  editorial  writer  of  force 
and  influence.  At  one  time  this  paper  Avas  one  of  the 
State's  leading  journals.  The  last  number  was  pub- 
lished in  18G2.  Mr.  Gorman  died  about  the  close  of 
the  war,  aged  fifty-three  years. 


128  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

At  this  period  (1848;  Oliver  and  Proctor  were  con- 
ducting a  tailoring  business,  and  Jas.  McKimmon 
(father  of  Mr.  Chas.  McKimmon,  of  the  firm  of  Boy- 
Ian,  Pearce  &  Co.),  Alexander  Creech,  T.  H.  Selby, 
J.  G.  B.  Roulhac,  the  Stiths,  Samuel  H.  Young,  Henry 
L.  Evans,  Heartt  &  Litchford,  John  Primrose,  Jas.  M. 
Towles,  were  the  leading  dry  goods  merchants.  C.  B. 
Root  and  Palmer  &  Ramsay  were  continuing  their 
jewelry  business,  while  Turner  ^:  Hughes  and  W.  L. 
Pomeroy  were  booksellers.  W.  G.  Lougee  (father  of 
the  late  Louis  O.  Lougee)  was  the  proprietor  of  the 
only  tinware  business  in  Raleigh. 

In  1855  J.  P.  Adams  and  Joseph  Watson  had 
opened  shops  for  making  and  repairing  shoes.  Henry 
Porter  had  ceased  working  at  the  bench,  and  was  con- 
ducting a  boot  and  shoe  store  on  Fayetteville  street. 

About  this  time  in  Raleigh's  history  Phil.  Thiem 
came  here  to  make  his  future  home.  He  opened  a 
confectionery  and  toy  store  on  Fayetteville  street, 
which  he  conducted  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Civil  War,  when  he  engaged  with  A.  W.  Fraps  in  the 
manufacture  of  munitions  of  war  for  the  Confederate 
government.  In  1861  he  married  Miss  Annie  Brown, 
a  daughter  of  Henry  J.  Brown.  Mr.  Thiem  Avas  a 
modest,  retiring  man,  an  honorable  gentleman,  and 
one  whose  friends  were  legion.  He  was  a  Mason  and 
Odd  Fellow  of  prominence.  He  died  in  18  9,  aged 
seventy-two  years. 

Silas  Burns  was  the  first  man  to  open  an  iron  foun- 
dry in  Raleigh.  He  came  here  in  the  forties,  and  in 
his  day  proved  himself  a  man  of  much  usefulness  to 
our  people.  The  iron  fence,  which  until  of  late  sur- 
rounded the  capitol,  was  moulded  at  his  foundry. 
This,  with  his  extensive  machine  shops,  was  on  the  site 
of  Allen  &  Cram's  shops,  who  now  conduct  a  similar 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  129 

business.  Mr.  Fleming  Bates,  now  seveutv-two  years 
of  age,  was  for  a  long  time,  just  before  the  Civil  War, 
a  partner  with  Mr.  Burns. 

The  census  of  1850  gave  the  number  of  inhabitants 
of  Raleigh  as  only  1,518.  This  is  not  strange,  for  we 
had  no  cotton  market,  and  although  half  a  century 
had  elapsed  since  the  invention  of  the  cotton-gin,  still 
only  enough  of  the  fleecy  staple  was  grown  to  supply 
the  demands  of  the  grower.  This  was  made  into 
^'homespun"  goods  by  the  use  of  hand-cards,  the 
spinning-wheel  and  the  loom,  which  were  found  in  the 
homes  of  all  thrifty  country  people.  Little  wonder 
then  that  the  population  lagged,  for  it  is  largely  by  the 
growth  of  cotton  and  its  manufacture  that  we  are  now 
maintained,  especially  so  in  the  absence  of  a  better 
market  for  tobacco. 

John  Malone  Avas  at  this  time  a  well  known  factor 
in  Raleigh's  business  affairs,  from  the  fact  that  he 
was  a  colored  man  and  owner  of  a  livery  stable,  and 
conducted  a  hack  line  to  various  points.  His  stables 
were  on  the  corner  of  Blount  and  Davie  streets.  He 
was  the  father-in-law  of  the  late  Jas.  H.  Harris,  the 
colored  politician. 


fl  NEW  IMPETUS. 

The  decade  from  1850  to  1860  was  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  since  the  establishment  of  the  State  Gov- 
ernment at  the  city  of  Raleigh.  During  that  period 
many  public  enterprises  were  commenced,  and  rapid 
progress  in  the  development  in  the  State's  resources 
had  been  made.  The  handsome  building  for  the  edu- 
cation of  the  Deaf,  Dumb  and  the  Blind  had  been  com- 
pleted and  occupied;  the  Insane  Asylum   (now  the 


130  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Central  Hospital  for  the  Insane)  had  been  established 
and  the  buildings  erected;  a  fine  female  school  had 
been  established  by  the  Methodists  on  Hillsboro 
street;  St.  Mark's  School,  which  had  been  in  success- 
ful oijeration  for  ten  years  or  more,  had  been  greatly 
improved;  the  North  Carolina  Eailroad  had  been 
built  from  Goldsboro  to  Charlotte,  making  connec- 
tion with  other  railroads  on  the  south  and  east;  con- 
nection had  been  made  with  the  Wilmington  &  Wel- 
don  Railroad  and  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  road  by  build- 
ing the  connection  between  Gaston  and  Weldon;  the 
Atlantic  and  North  Carolina  Railroad  was  completed 
from  Goldsboro  to  Morehead  City,  thus  connecting 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  on  the  east  with  the  mountains  on 
the  west.  The  North  Carolina  State  Agricultural 
Society  was  organized  during  this  decade,  and  the  first 
State  Fair  was  held  in  1853;  gas  works  were  estab- 
lished and  Raleigh  was  first  lighted  with  gas  in  Octo- 
ber, 1858;  the  public  school  system  was  thoroughly 
reorganized,  and  the  first  Superintendent  of  Publijc  In- 
struction was  elected  bv  the  Legislature  at  the  session 
of  1852-'53. 

Dr.  Edward  C.  Fisher,  who  was  a  Virginian  by 
birth,  was  the  first  Superintendent  of  the  Insane  Asy- 
lum, and  W.  D.  Cooke  the  first  Principal  of  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Institution.  Dr.  Jas.  McKee  is  now  the 
Superintendent  of  the  former  and  Mr.  Jno.  E.  Ray 
the  Principal  of  the  latter  institution. 

Rev.  Mr.  Christian  was  the  Principal  of  the  Raleigh 
Female  Seminary. 

The  first  President  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad 
was  Jno.  M.  Morehead. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  131 

It  was  in  1850  that  Hon.  John  Nichols  came  to  Ra- 
leigh from  his  country  home  near  Eagle  Rock,  in  this 
county.  Here  he  at'once  engaged  as  an  apprentice 
in  the  printing  department  of  the  Institution  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb  and  the  Blind.  Subsequently  he  wa^ 
the  foreman  of  the  office,  and  later  became  the  Princi- 
pal of  the  Institution.  In  the  seyenties  he  was  the 
senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Nichols,  Gorman  and 
Neathery,  a  printing  house  of  Raleigh  widely  known 
throughout  the  State.  Mr.  Nichols  has  held  many  po- 
sitions of  honor  and  trust,  prominent  among  which 
haye  been  postmaster  of  Raleigh  and  Representatiye 
in  Congress,  in  all  of  which  he  seryed  with  fidelity. 
He  has  been  a  most  worthy  and  useful  citizen. 

Hon.  Kemp  Plummer  Battle  was  for  many  years  a 
resident  of  Raleigh.  He  came  here  about  the  year 
1852,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law,  and  built  up 
a  lucratiye  practice.  Afterwards  he  was  State  Treas- 
urer. When  the  State  Uniyersity  was  re-organized, 
Mr.  Battle  became  its  President,  and  at  present  he 
fills  the  Chair  of  History,  for  which  he  is  so  eminently 
qualified.  He  is  a  man  of  fine  literary  attainments, 
and  few  men  haye  contributed  more  to  the  history  of 
Raleigh  and  the  State  than  he.  Mr.  Battle  is  a  man 
of  high  social  attainments,  agreeable  manners,  and 
one  of  the  most  beloyed  men  in  the  State. 

St.  Mary's  Seminary  (now  St.  Mary's  College)  has 
been  noticed  at  length  in  considering  matters  edu- 
cational. 

The  Raleigh  Gas  Works  were  constructed  by  Messrs. 
Waterhouse  and  Bowes  in  1858,  for  the  Raleigh  Gas 
Company.  Mr.  Bowes  is  still  liying  among  us,  hon- 
ored and  respected  by  our  whole  people.  He  is  now 
in  his  seyenty-ninth  year,  yet  hale  and  hearty,  and  one 
of  the  most  companionable  of  men.     He  is  still  ac- 


132  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

tively  engaged  in  business,  being  a  partner,  in  the 
plumbing  business,  with  Mr.  Theodore  Keuster  on 
South  Salisbury  street. 

The  late  Win.  H.  High,  who  for  many  years  was 
Sheriff  of  Wake,  was  another  resident  of  early  times. 
He  was  a  man  much  beloved  by  everybody.  Contem- 
poraneous with  Mr.  High  was  Col.  W.  F.  Askew,  the 
late  W.  H.  Holleman  and  J.  W.  B.  Watson,  all  of 
whom  were  men  of  property  and  influence,  as  were 
John  C.  Moore  (father-in-law  of  Col.  Askew),  the  late 
Jas.  M.  Harris,  Jefferson  Fisher,  and  Col.  J.  P.  H. 
Russ.  All  of  these  were  men  of  prominence  in  Ra- 
leigh and  Wake  County  in  the  fifties. 

Dr.  Richard  B.  Haywood,  in  1850  had  joined  the 
ranks  of  practicing  physicians,  and  before  his  death 
was  among  the  ablest  practitioners  in  his  profession. 
At  one  time  he  was  honored  with  the  Presidency  of 
the  State  Medical  Society. 

Dr.  E.  Burke  Haywood  was  also  then  winning  dis- 
tinction. He  soon  became  one  of  the  most  eminent 
surgeons  in  the  State. 

Dr.  Wm.  H.  McKee  was  also  in  full  practice.  He 
was  an  able  physician  and  distinguished  for  his  benev- 
olence, which  secured  for  him  the  love  and  honor  of 
the  needy  poor. 

Another  prominent  physician  at  that  period,  and 
who  was  enjoying  a  good  practice,  was  Dr.  Wm.  G. 
Hill. 

Dr.  Chas.  E.  Johnson  had  then  been  a  resident  of 
Raleigh  five  years,  coming  here  from  the  east,  where 
he  had  acquired  a  good  practice  in  Bertie  and  Chowan 
counties.  He,  too,  was  a  physician  of  distinction, 
and  noted  for  his  charitable  disposition. 

Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood  is  noticed  elsewhere. — among 
the  earlier  inhabitants. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  13-5 

Dr.  MeKee  was  the  father  of  Dr.  Jas.  McKee,  Su- 
perintendeut  of  the  Central  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 
Among  Dr.  Johnson's  descendants  are  Mr.  Chas.  E. 
Johnson,  of  the  well  known  firm  of  Messrs.  Thompson 
&  Johnson,  cotton  exporters,  and  Mr.  J.  I.  Johnson^ 
the  i^rominent  Fayetteville  street  pharmacist.  Messrs. 
Marshall  DeLancev,  Graham  and  Sherwood  Haywood 
are  among  the  descendants  of  Dr.  Richard  B.  Hay- 
wood. The  late  Theophilus  H.  Hill,  the  famous  North 
Carolina  poet,  was  a  son  of  Dr.  Hill.  Messrs.  A.  W., 
Ernest,  and  Dr.  Hubert  Haywood  are  among  the  de- 
scendants of  Dr.  E.  Burke  Haywood.  The  surviving 
children  of  Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood  are  Dr.  F.  J.,  Jr., 
Jos.  A.  and  J.  P.  Haywood. 

The  Yarborough  House  was  not  opened  to  the  trav- 
eling public  till  1852 — the  need  of  a  swell  hotel  of  this 
character  not  hitherto  having  been  felt.  In  that  year, 
however,  a  stock  company,  with  a  capital  of  §20,000, 
was  formed,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  this  building. 
The  stockholders  were.  Major  Moses  A.  Bledsoe,  Jerry 
Nixon,  Dabney  Cosby  and  Edward  Yarborough.  The 
hotel  was  placed  under  the  management  of  the  latter 
gentleman,  and  for  this  reason  was  designated  the 
Yarborough  House.  Mr.  Yarborough.  prior  to  this 
time,  had  been  proprietor  of  the  Guion  Hotel  (the 
present  Agricultural  Building). 

K.  R.  Weathers  was  then  a  large  grocery  merchant, 
doing  business  on  Exchange  Place.  He  was  a  man 
of  piety  and  charitable  impulses,  and  had  a  great 
many  friends.  At  one  time  he  was  a  man  of  consider- 
able means.  He  was  the  father  of  Mrs.  J.  B.  Martin 
and  Mr.  K.  W.  Weathers,  of  Raleigh.  Mrs.  Emma 
Jones,  of  Kernersville,  y.  C,  and  Mr.  C.  M.  Weath 
ers.  of  Richmond,  Ya. 

Henry  Fendt,  so  long  and  well  known  to  our  older 


134  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

citizens,  and  yet  living,  has  been  a  resident  for  half 
a  centuiy,  coming  here  from  Germany  in  1852.  He 
first  clerked  in  the  confectionery  store  of  F.  Mahler, 
and  later  worked  for  Peter  Seilig,  who  kept  a  small 
music  store  in  a  little  wooden  building  on  the  site  of 
the  Fisher  Building.  Subsequently  Mr.  Fendt  went 
into  the  confectionery  business,  and  for  a  long  time 
was  the  only  merchant,  besides  Williams  &  Haywood, 
who  kept  a  soda-fountain  in  the  city. 

M.  Grausman  became  a  resident  of  Kaleigh  about 
the  year  1855,  and  soon  became  a  leading  business 
man.  He  was  a  merchant  tailor,  and  had  his  store 
on  the  site  now  occupied  by  M.  M.  Smith  as  a  book- 
store. Mr.  Grausman  was  a  man  noted  for  his  learn- 
ing and  purity  of  character,  and  had  many  friends. 
He  died  in  1892.  The  sons  and  daughters  suryiying 
him  are  Dr.  Philip  Grausman,  of  Xew  York;  Mr.  M. 
Grausman,  Mrs.  Hannah  Rosenthal  and  Mrs.  Helen 
Elias,  residents  of  Raleigh. 


HOW  THE  MILITARY  WERE  TRAPPED  BY  fl 
HOTEL  MAN. 

The  martial  spirit  of  the  young  men  was  quite  as 
prominent  in  ante-bellum  days  as  now.  At  this  pe- 
riod (1856)  two  military  companies  flourished — the 
"Oak  City  Guards"  and  the  "Independent  Guards" — 
and  of  one  or  the  other  nearly  eyery  young  man  was 
a  member.  Shortly  after  their  organization  these 
companies  were  inyited  to  Haw  Riyer  (a  station  on 
the  North  Carolina  Railroad)  by  one  General  Trollin- 
ger,  who  had  just  completed  a  big  hotel  at  that  place, 
to  join  in  the  banquet  with  which  the  opening  of  the 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


135 


house  was  to  be  celebrated.  The  bovs  accepted  and 
went  off  in  high  glee.  They  arrived  in  proper  time 
and  in  good  shape  for  the  festivities,  in  which  latter 
thev  all  indulged  to  a  degree.  After  supper  each  one 
of  the  guests  was  called  upon  for  one  dollar  as  com- 


"  ■     .  J 


J.    KUFFIN   WILLIAMS. 

The  veteran  pharmacist ;  aged  eighty-three  years. 

pensation  to  the  host  for  his  spread,  which  many  re- 
fused to  pay.  The  incident  was  the  occasion  of  the 
following  rhyme,  which  was  afterwards  sung  on  the 
streets  by  every  boy  in  town : 

"  The  Ind^^pendent  Guards  went  off  on  a  spree, 

Up  to  General  Trollinger's  to  get  their  supper  free  ; 
When  they  got  their  supper  they  had  it  all  to  buy, 
And  had  to  pay  a  dollar  or  '  root  hog  or  die.'  "  " 


136  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

The  first  planing-inill  Raleigh  had  ever  knowTi  was 
erected  in  the  latter  part  of  the  fifties  by  Dr.  T.  D. 
Hogg  and  Robert  Haywood.  It  Avas  situated  in  the 
northAvest  portion  of  the  city,  near  the  tanks  of  the 
Standard  Oil  Company.  Until  this  time  all  weather- 
boarding,  flooring  and  trimmings  were  planed  by 
hand.  Briggs  &  Dodd  were  soon  competitors  of  this 
enterprise,  and  the  former,  after  a  year  or  two,  went 
out  of  business. 

Now  and  then  there  leaves  his  rural  home  som«^ 
young  man,  who,  recognizing  the  many  advantages 
for  development  in  a  city,  not  found  in  a  less  thickly 
settled  community,  comes  hither,  and  by  industry  and 
integrity  hews  his  way  to  the  front  and  leaves  his  im- 
press for  good  on  generations  yet  to  come.  In  1856 
one  such  as  this — then  a  mere  lad — came  to  Raleigh. 
This  was  Needham  B.  Broughton,  whose  father  died 
when  he  was  but  seven  years  of  age.  His  widowed 
mother  succeeded  to  the  sole  care  of  seven  small  chil- 
dren— four  sons  and  three  daughters.  Xeedham  was 
the  fifth  child,  and  his  mother  placed  him,  in  early 
life,  in  a  printing  office  to  be  trained  to  the  art  of 
printing,  and  how  well  he  learned  it  results  have 
shown.  In  1872  he  united  with  Mr.  C.  B.  Edwards 
in  the  establishment  of  a  book  and  job  printing  office, 
which  is  now  one  of  the  largest  and  most  complete 
printing  concerns  in  the  South. 

In  church  and  Sunday  School  work  Mr.  Broughton 
has  no  superior.  A  deacon  in  the  Raleigh  Baptist 
Tabernacle,  in  all  the  efforts  made  by  this  church  to 
attain  its  present  prominence  he  has  always  been  in 
the  lead.  He  is  the  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday 
School  of  that  church.  Secretary  of  the  Baptist  State 
Convention,  Trustee  of  Wake  Forest  College  and  of 
the  Baptist  Female  University,  besides  holding  manv 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  137 

other  positions  of  honor  and  trust.  For  many  years 
he  has  stood  in  the  front  rank  with  those  who  have 
labored  and  are  still  laboring  for  the  moral,  relig- 
ious and  educational  advancement  of  our  city.  But 
his  efforts  in  this  direction  have  not  been  confined 
wholly  to  Raleigh — other  sections  of  the  State,  yea, 
the  State  itself,  have  shared  the  benefits  of  his  zeal 
and  ability,  put  forth  for  the  furtherance  of  the  very 
best  interests  of  our  people.  Possessed  of  strong  con- 
victions, and  being  a  man  of  undaunted  moral  and 
physical  courage,  he  has  always  planted  himself  firmly 
against  the  evil  and  in  favor  of  the  good.  He  pursues 
no  temporizing  policy — you  always  know  where  to 
find  him  whenever  the  forces  of  good  and  evil  range 
themselves  for  battle ;  with  pen  aud  tongue  and  purse 
he  boldly  takes  his  position,  and  no  soldier  performs 
more  valuable  service  than  he  for  any  cause  in  which 
he  engages. 

Mr.  Richard  H.  Battle  for  more  than  a  generation 
has  been  prominently  identified  with  Raleigh,  having 
been  a  resident  since  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  by 
Gov.  Z.  B.  Vance  as  his  private  secretary.  Two  years 
later  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Secretary  of 
State  by  the  same  authority,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occa- 
sioned by  the  resignation  of  Hon.  Sam'l  F.  Phillips. 
He  has  filled  many  other  positions  of  honor  and  trust, 
and  in  them  all  proved  faithful.  :Mr.  Battle  was 
born  in  Louisburg  in  1835.  He  married  in  1860  An- 
nie Ruffin,  daughter  of  Hon.  Thos.  S.  Ashe,  a  lady  of 
rare  endowments  of  mind  and  j^erson.  She  died  in 
1883. 

One  of  Raleigh's  staunchest  inhabitants  of  more  re- 
cent times  was  E.  F.  Wyatt.  He  came  to  Raleigji 
more  than  forty  years  ago,  and  continued  here  his 

10 


138  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

residence  until  his  death  in  1901.  He  was  a  saddler 
and  harness-maker,  and  under  the  firm  name  of  E.  F. 
Wyatt  &  Son  conducted  successfully  a  business  of 
this  character  on  East  Martin  street.  Although  of 
unassuming  manner  and  modest  disposition,  he  was 
a  man  of  exalted  character  and  sterling  qualities.  At 
his  death  he  was  eighty-one  years  of  age. 

Mr.  Pulaski  Cowper,  who  died  some  months  ago, 
was  one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  Raleigh.  He 
came  here  to  reside  in  1855.  He  was  of  a  most  genial 
disposition  and  much  beloyed  by  eyeryone  who  knew 
him  personally.  A  man  of  fine  literary  attainments, 
he  left  many  yaluable  productions  of  his  pen.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  President  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina Home  Insurance  Company,  and  theretofore  held 
many  other  positions  of  honor  and  trust. 

Of  those  who  came  among  us  at  this  period,  and  is 
pleasantly  remembered  by  a  wide  circle  of  friends, 
was  Samuel  Parish.  For  some  time  his  business  was 
that  of  a  carriage-painter,  but  later  he  opened  a  busi- 
ness for  house  and  sign  painting.  He  was  a  yery 
superior  workman  and  a  good  citizen.  He  was  the 
father  of  Ex- Alderman  Walter  Parish. 

Jno.  B.  Neathery,  who  died  in  1894,  had  been  a  resi- 
dent of  Raleigh  since  1861,  and  held  many  positions  of 
responsibility.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  literary  attain- 
ments, and  possessed  as  he  was  of  a  fund  of  wit  and 
humor,  his  writings  were  always  instructiye  and  en- 
tertaining. He  was  one  of  the  most  companionable 
of  men  and  uniyersally  popular.  He  served  as  county 
treasurer  for  several  years. 

Few  men  were  better  known  than  Jno.  C.  Gorman. 
He  was  printer,  journalist  and  soldier.  Before  his 
death  he  had  been  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly, 
Mayor  of  Raleigh,  and  was  at  one  time  Adjutant-Gen- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  139 

eral  of  the  State.  While  serving  as  captain  in  the 
Civil  War,  he  wrote  many  newspaper  articles  ''from 
the  front/'  which  were  pronounced  the  equal  of  ''Rus- 
sell," the  war  correspondent  of  the  London  Times. 
No  braver  man  or  truer  friend  has  lived  in  Raleigh 
than  Jno.  C.  Gorman.  He  died  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
in  1892. 

In  1858  Lynn  Adams  and  Wiliford  Upchurch  were 
in  the  grocery  business  on  the  south  side  of  Exchange 
Place — Mr.  Adams  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the 
store  of  G.  S.  Tucker  &  Co.,  Mr.  Upchurch  on  the 
corner  where  W.  H.  King  &  Co.'s  drugstore  is  situated. 
Mr.  Len  H.  Adams,  one  of  Raleigh's  most  highly  re- 
spected citizens  and  business  men,  came  to  the  capital 
at  this  time  and  worked  in  the  store  of  Lynn  Adams. 
Mr.  Upchurch  and  Mr.  Lynn  Adams  were  among  the 
leading  merchants  in  their  day.  Many  of  their  de- 
scendants are  still  living  among  us.  Mr.  Upchurch 
was  the  father  of  the  late  Mr.  R.  G.  Upchurch,  for  a 
long  time  the  very  popular  and  eflacient  city  auditor. 
Mr.  Thomas  Adams,  the  popular  mail-carrier,  is  a  son 
of  Lynn  Adams. 

Isaac  Gettinger,  one  of  the  most  popular  and  kind- 
hearted  Hebrews  who  ever  lived  in  Raleigh,  in  1860 
was  selling  dry  goods  on  Fayetteville  street.  Later 
he  opened  a  millinery  business,  which  he  conducted 
very  successfully  for  many  years. 

At  this  period  the  post-office  was  in  an  old  wooden 
building  occupying  the  site  of  Berwanger  Bros.  Cloth- 
ing House.  The  postmaster  was  Geo.  T.  Cooke — the 
clerks,  Chas.  H.  Belvin  and  the  late  Thos.  Jenkins. 

Alexander  Creech  was  a  prominent  merchant  of  the 
old  times,  and  a  man  of  great  energy  and  pluck. 
Starting  in  1855  in  the  dry  goods  business  on  small 
capital,   he  soon  ranked  high   and   was  afterwards 


140  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

known  as  the  ^'merchant  prince.''  He  was  a  very 
friendly  man,  and  would  rather  suffer  imposition 
than  contend  with  an  adversary.  Good  natured,  kind 
and  gentle  to  everyone,  he  is  pleasantly  remembered 
by  a  host  of  friends  of  the  old  days.  He  died  in  1894, 
aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Jas.  J.  Litchford  was  contemporaneous  with  Mr. 
Creech,  and  at  one  time  was  his  partner  in  business. 
Honest  and  upright  in  character,  James  Litchford 
was  a  man  Avho  had  the  entire  confidence  of  all  with 
whom  he  had  dealing.  He  was  a  prominent  Odd 
Fellow,  and  for  many  years  Secretary  of  the  Grand 
Lodge.  At  his  death  he  was  sixty-five  years  of  age. 
Messrs.  Henry  E.  and  Jas.  O.  Litchford  are  his  only 
surviving  sons.  The  former  is  cashier  of  the  Citizens 
National  Bank,  and  the  latter  occupies  a  like  position 
with  the  Raleigh  Savings  Bank. 

Although  the  population  of  Raleigh  in  1860  was  but 
4,780.  yet  the  culture  and  refinements  of  the  capital 
city  seemed  to  justify  the  opening  of  a  floral  business. 
This  was  done  by  Messrs.  Hamilton  &  Carter,  who 
embarked  in  this  enterprise  on  the  block  bounded  by 
Morgan.  Blount.  Person  and  Hargett  streets.  It  was 
a  small  aft'air,  and  suited  the  times,  but  bore  no  com- 
parison to  the  establishment  of  Mr.  Steinmetz,  which 
is  now  conducted  so  creditably  on  the  northern 
suburbs  of  the  city. 

Havens  &  Andrews  were  in  copartnership  as  photo- 
graphic artists,  and  advertised  they  were  taking  a  new 
style  of  picture  known  as  "the  melainotype,  for  fifty 
cents  upward."  Andrews  was  also  a  portrait  painter 
of  fine  talent. 

Raleigh  now  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  having  a 
"mineral  spring.'*  It  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Smith- 
field    and    East    streets,   and    was    owned    by    J. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  141 

H.  Kirkham.  Season  tickets  sold  for  three  dollars. 
Of  course  the  water  would  cure  ''any  disease  which 
flesh  was  heir  to."     The  enterprise  soon  failed. 

J.  B.  Franklin  had  found  that  a  new  bakery  was 
in  demand,  and  John  Maunder  was  conducting  a  pros- 
perous marble  yard.  Strother  &  Marcom  had  opened 
a  printing  office  exclusively  for  book  and  job  work, 
while  P.  Babcock  and  L.  S.  Perry  were  the  only  den- 
tists. 

The  Lawrence  Hotel,  which  had  been  on  the  site  of 
the  Federal  Post  Office  Building,  and  one  of  the  lead- 
ing hotels  of  the  city,  was  destroyed  by  fire  this  year. 
The  late  Hon.  Josiah  Turner,  of  Hillsboro,  was  in  the 
building  at  the  time,  and  narrowly  escaped  with  his 
life. 

Jas.  D.  Pullen  had  opened  the  Planters  Hotel,  oq 
the  site  now  occupied  by  M.  T.  Norris  &  Bro.,  on  Wil- 
mington and  Martin  streets,  and  Jas.  Bashford  was 
conducting  a  carriage-making  business  on  the  corner 
of  Morgan  and  McDowell  streets. 

L.  D.  Heartt  was  conducting  a  dry  goods  store,  as 
successor  to  Heartt  &  Litchford. 

Williams  &  McGee  (the  late  Alfred  Williams  and 
Thadeus  McGee)  were  also  keeping  a  dry  goods  store. 
Their  place  of  business  w^as  the  house  now  occupied 
by  Mrs.  Fashnach  as  a  jewelry  store. 

'  Dodd  &  Scheib  had  opened  a  confectionery  store  on 
Fayetteville  street,  where  is  now  kept  the  Music  Store 
of  Darnell  &  Thomas. 


142  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

VISIT  OF  STEPhjEN  fl.   DOUGLAS. 

A  notable  event  in  the  history  of  Raleigh  was  the 
arrival  here  in  August,  1860,  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
one  of  the  four  candidates  for  President  of  the  United 
States.  He  arrived  on  the  evening  of  the  29th,  and 
was  met  at  the  depot  by  a  committee  and  escorted  to 
the  Yarborough  House,  where  he  was  welcomed  to  our 
city  and  State  by  Hon.  Henry  W.  Miller.  On  Thurs- 
day afternoon  he  spoke  from  the  eastern  portico  of  the 
Capitol  to  a  large  audience.  Mr.  Douglas  had  but  lit- 
tle following  here,  and  hence  his  visit  created  no  en- 
thusiasm, further  than  was  shown  by  a  great  number 
of  people  coming  out  to  hear  him,  because,  perhaps, 
of  his  renown  as  a  statesman. 


At  this  time  the  "Oak  City  Savings  Bank"  was  or- 
ganized, with  Dr.  T.  D.  Hogg,  President ;  Jno.  G.  Wil- 
liams, Cashier;  Directors,  Dr.  T.  D.  Hogg,  Quentin 
Busbee,  H.  S.  Smith,  Jno.  G.  Williams. 

Mr.  C.  B.  Edwards  came  to  Raleigh  about  this 
period,  and  for  many  years  has  been  one  of  its  leading 
business  men.  His  first  work  here  was  as  an  appren- 
tice in  the  office  of  the  Church  IntelUgencer.  After 
finishing  his  apprenticeship  he  worked  as  a  composi- 
tor in  a  number  of  other  offices  until  1872,  when  he 
formed  a  copartnership  with  Mr.  N.  B.  Broughton, 
and  established  a  book  and  job  printing  establishment, 
which  is  now  one  of  the  leading  enterprises  in  the 
city,  giving  employment  to  more  people  than  any  pri- 
vate establishment  in  Raleigh.  Mr.  Edwards  is  a 
prominent  Mason  and  has  several  times  represented 
his  ward  as  alderman. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  143 

All  men  can  not  be  merchants — there  must  be  arti- 
sans, or  mechanics,  as  well  as  tradesmen;  producers 
as  well  as  distributors  and  consumers.  Were  this  not 
true,  houses  would  not  be  constructed  nor  cities  built. 
Thus,  in  the  different  periods  of  our  history  there 
came  to  Raleigh,  and  also  grew  up  within  its 
borders,  mechanics  and  others  who  pursued  their  re- 
spective vocations,  and  without  whom  the  city  could 
not  have  grown  and  flourished  and  been  the  beautiful 
metropolis  it  is  to-day.  Among  the  representative 
men  of  this  character  have  been  Jno.  G.  Briggs,  Thos. 
H.  Briggs,  David  L.  Royster,  :\[adison  Royster,  Ander- 
son Nixon,  carpenters;  C.  Kuester,  gun  and  lock- 
smith; John  O'Rourke,  Jas.  Bashford,  Bartlett  Up- 
church,  Wm.  F.  Clarke,  Jno.  R.  Harrison,  N.  S.  Harp, 
W.  David  Williams,  Thos.  G.  Jenkins,  Alfred  Up- 
church,  carriage-makers;  Henry  J.  Brown,  E.  D. 
Haynes,  David  Royster  and  W.  J.  Thopmson,  cabinet- 
makers; Henry  Smith,  Mark  Williams,  bricklayers; 
W.  G.  Lougee,  tinner ;  H.  I.  Hasselbach,  coppersmith ; 
Silas  Burns,  iron-worker;  Joseph  Waltering,  axe- 
maker  and  manufacturer  of  edge  tools;  John  Maun- 
der, Wm.  Stronach,  marble-cutters;  Dabney  Cosby, 
architect.  The  following  have  been  artisans  of  more 
recent  times,  many  of  whom  are  still  living  and  ac- 
tively engaged  in  business :  Marshall  Betts,  Harris 
Vaughan,  Benj.  Park,  Jacob  S.  Allen,  Anderson  Betts, 
L.  H.  Royster,  W.  Jeff.  Ellington,  Arthur  D.  Zach- 
ary,  building  contractors;  T.  F.  Brockwell,  expert 
gun  and  locksmith;  H.  J.  Hammill,  plasterer;  Jno.  J. 
Weir,  F.  H.  Hunnicut,  bricklayers,  stone-masons  and 
general  contractors;  M.  R.  Haynes,  cabinet-maker; 
Geo.  M.  Allen,  Wm.  C.  Cram,  J.  H.  Gill,  founders  and 
machinists;  S.  W.  Holloway,  J.  W.  Evans,  carriage- 
makers;  W.  W.  Parish,  Wna.  C.  Parish,  H.  E.  Glenn, 


144  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Jesse  Williams,  H.  M.  Farnsworth,  Wm.  F.  King,  C. 
F.  Bullock,  W.  K.  MacY,  John  Howell,  painters;  Lon- 
nie  Weathers,  Wm.  T.  Utley,  J.  C.  Ellington,  paper- 
hangers;  T.  S.  Stevenson,  W.  J.  Young,  W.  H.  Hughes' 
Jr.,  Wm.  Taylor,  M.  Bowes,  A.  T.  Kuester,  plumbers. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  145 


RALEIGH'S  BUSINESS  MEN— PAST  AND 
PRESENT. 

Many  of  our  present  commercial  establishments  are 
located  on  sites  that  have  interesting  history  connec 
ted  with  them.     The  earlier  mercantile  spirits  of  the 
capital  city  dedicated  these  sites  forever  to  successful 
commercial  and  industrial  activity. 

D.  C.  Murray  in  1860  was  one  of  the  leading  dry 
goods  merchants.  His  store  was  on  Fayetteville 
street,  on  a  portion  of  the  site  occupied  now  by  Sher- 
wood Higgs  &  Co.,  than  which  there  is  not  a  more  en- 
terprising firm  in  the  State.  A  distinguishing  feature 
of  this  house  is  the  fact  that  its  head  is  one  of  the 
youngest  business  men  of  his  rank  to  be  found  any- 
where. Yet,  in  quickness  of  discernment,  enterprise 
and  business  sagacity,  Mr.  Higgs  has  few  superiors. 
His  success  has  been  phenomenal.  In  the  conduct  of 
its  extensive  and  elaborate  business  .  the  firm  is  as- 
sisted by  a  corps  of  more  than  forty  obliging  sales- 
men and.  salesladies. 

The  site  on  Fayetteville  street  now  occupied  by 
Messrs.  Dobbin  &  Ferrall,  dry  goods  merchants;  W. 
H.  Hughes,  dealer  in  china,  crockery,  etc. ;  C.  P. 
Wharton,  photographer;  A.  Williams  &  Co.,  booksell- 
ers and  stationers,  and  T.  W.  Blake,  jeweler,  was 
then  a  vacant  lot,  afterwards  made  famous  as  the 
spot  over  which  had  floated  the  first  secession  flag  in 
Raleigh. 

Messrs.  Dobbin  &  Ferrall  are  among  the  leaders  in 
their  line,  not  only  here,  but  in  the  State.  Being  the 
worthy  successors  of  the  dry  goods  business  of  the  his- 
toric Tuckers,  they  feel  a  worthy  pride  in  exerting 


146  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

their  best  energies  to  maintain  the  reputation,  in  all 
respects,  earned  by  their  predecessors,  beginning  with 
the  city's  earliest  history  and  extending  through 
nearly  a  century. 

Messrs.  Alfred  Williams  and  Edgar  Haywood,  who 
compose  the  firm  of  A.  Williams  &  Co.,  are  among  the 
leaders  in  their  line  in  the  State.  The  founder  of 
this  house  was  the  late  Alfred  Williams,  who  estab- 
lished the  business  more  than  a  generation  ago,  and 
who  was  rewarded  with  much  success.  The  business  is 
now  prominently  known  throughout  the  State,  from 
every  part  of  which  it  draws  its  patronage.  Mr.  Wil- 
liams is  a  grandnepheAv  of  Mr.  Alfred  Williams,  the 
founder,  who  was  one  of  Raleigh's  earliest  inhabitants 
and  prominent  citizens;  Mr.  Haywood  is  a  son 
of  the  late  Dr.  E.  Burke  Haywood,  who  was  one  of 
our  most  distinguished  physicians  and  eminent  sur- 
geons. 

The  establishment  presided  over  by  Mr.  Hughes  is 
one  of  the  largest  and  oldest  in  this  line  of  trade  in 
the  city.  This  house  was  established  nearly  a  score 
of  years  ago  by  the  present  proprietor,  who,  by  his  uni- 
form courtesy  and  reliable  business  methods,  has 
secured  an  enviable  patronage.  The  career  of  this 
enterprise  has  been  a  record  of  uninterrupted  success. 
In  its  highest  and  broadest  sense,  Mr.  Hughes  is  a 
most  valuable  citizen.  He  is  a  Confederate  veteran, 
and  Second  Lieutenant  Commander  of  L.  O'B.  Branch 
Camp. 

Mr.  Wharton  is  regarded  as  an  artist  of  rare  merit, 
his  skill  being  rewarded  by  an  extensive  and  select 
patronage.  An  examination  of  his  work  reveals  the 
fact  that  his  pictures  are  executed  by  the  true  artist, 
an  easy,  graceful  and  natural  pose  being  always  ob- 
served— results  not  to  be  secured  except  by  masters 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  147 

of  this  art.     In  the  excellence  of  bis  work  he  yield?^ 
the  palm  to  none. 

There  were  then  no  places  of  business  on  Fayette- 
ville  street  below  the  court-house  and  the  Yarborough 
House.  Where  now  stands  the  Pullen  Building,— 
occupied  as  laAv  offices  by  Messrs.  Armistead  Jones  & 
Son,  M.  N.  Amis,  B.  C.  Beckwith,  W.  L.  Watson,  J.  N. 
Holding,  J.  H.  Fleming;  the  offices  of  Dr.  D.  S.  Row- 
land, the  Mechanics  and  Investors  Union,  R.  G.  Reid, 
J.  P.,  the  Morning  Post,  and  the  Barnes  Printing  Co., 
— was  the  old  Gales  residence. 

The  Mechanics  and  Investors  Union  is  a  mortgage 
investment  company,  and  has  for  nine  years  been  re- 
ceiving monthly  deposits  from  our  citizens,  which 
money  has  been  invested  in  the  erection  of  city  resi- 
dences. The  company  is  managed  by  a  board  of  direc- 
tors, and  George  Allen,  its  Secretary.  Mr.  Allen  was 
for  nearly  a  third  of  a  century  connected  with  the 
business  interests  of  New  Bern,  but  for  the  past  ten 
years  has  been  one  of  our  active  and  busy  citizens. 
He  is  Secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and 
President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  for  the  N.  C.  Insti- 
tution for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  Blind. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  and  below  Davie, 
where  Cooper  Bros,  conduct  their  marble  works,  was 
the  residence  of  Mr.  C.  B.  Root.  The  gentlemen 
composing  the  firm  of  Cooper  Bros,  have  been  identi- 
fied with  Raleigh  since  1894.  The  progress  and  suc- 
cess of  their  business  has  seldom  been  equalled  in  this 
community.  This  is  not  surprising  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  the  members  of  the  firm  are  men  of  the 
highest  integrity,  business  skill,  and  faithful  to  every 
obligation  of  whatsoever  nature.  Their  business  op- 
erations extend  to  other  States,  and  orders  have  of 
late  been  received  from  the  West  Indies.     The  hand- 


148 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


some  mpnnmeut  erectcMl  to  \\w  ineinorv  of  the  late  J. 
M.  Heck  was  constrncted  hy  this  firm.  Mr.  W.  A. 
Cooper,  the  senior  member,  is  also  a  skillful  designer. 
Where  Senator  Wm.  ITavwood's  residence  then 
stood,  on  the  corner  below,  is  now  the  popular  Hotel 
Dorsett.  The  opening  of  this  house  of  entertainment 
was  occasioned  by  the  demands  of  the  pu])lic,  which 


E.   B.   THOMAS. 

Aged  eighty-one  years. 


had  so  long  required  superior  hotel  accommodations. 
This  is  secured  at  the  Dorsett, where  the  wayfarer  is 
cared  for  in  a  manner  exi)erienced  only  at  the  best 
hotels,  and  on  terms  sucli  as  are  but  reasonable  for 
high-class  entertainment.  TIk^  house  is  noted  for  the 
courteous  consideration  of  guests  and  for  its  excellent 
service.  The  proprietor,  Mr.  W.  L.  Dorsett,  is  the 
youngest  hotel  man  in  the  South,  and  one  of  the  most 
successful.     The  cuisine  is  the  best. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  149 

Jno.  O.  Williams  &  Co.,  at  this  time,  were  doing  a 
brokerage  business  on  Fayetteville  street.  This  was 
on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  tailoring  business  of 
Mr.  Geo.  N.  Walters,  who  conducts  here,  in  his  commo- 
dious parlors,  a  business  second  to  none.  Commenc- 
ing this  industry  here  seventeen  years  ago,  by  the  skill, 
finish  and  taste  which  has  characterized  his  work, 
he  has  won  a  reputation  extending  throughout  the 
State.  The  best  test  of  his  excellence  in  this  industry 
are  his  frequent  invitations,  from  time  to  time,  by 
prominent  artists  in  his  profession,  to  accept  positions 
of  designer  and  cutter  in  New  York  and  other  leading 
cities.  Mr.  Walters  is  a  leading  citizen  and  a  Mason 
of  prominence. 

The  site  on  Hargett  street  occupied  for  sixty  years 
by  W^m.  C.  Upchurch,  now  eighty-nine  years  of  age, 
and  retired,  is  now  conducted  by  his  grandson,  Mr. 
B,  W\  Upchurch,  one  of  the  most  enterprising  business 
men  of  the  capital.  With  much  sagacity  and  business 
tact  he  has,  Avithin  a  few  years,  secured  such  a  share 
of  j)atronage  as  should  be  a  source  of  just  pride  to 
anyone,  however  long  in  the  ])usiness.  His  dealings 
are  honorable  to  a  high  degree. 

The  floral  business  here  at  that  time  was  scarcely  Iq 
its  infancy,  but  the  establishment  of  H.  Steinmetz  is 
now  an  enterprise  that  is  in  full  accord  with  our 
groAving  population  and  the  growing  refinements  of 
the  capital.  His  estaldishment  is  on  the  northern 
suburbs  of  the  city,  to  which  a  visit  is  always  enjoyed. 
Under  the  skillful  and  artistic  management  of  its  pro- 
prietor, the  business  of  ^Mr.  Steinmetz  now  has  a  repu- 
tation extending  to  every  part  of  North  Carolina. 
This  enterprise  is  a  credit  to  the  city,  and  its  proprie- 
tor a  very  agreeable  man  and  highly  respected  citizen. 

One  of  the  leading  and  oldest  jewelers  at  this  period 


150  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

was  Chas.  H.  Thompson.  His  place  of  business  was 
on  Fajetteville  street,  in  the  store  now  occupied  by  the 
Jolly- Wynne  Jewelry  Co.  This  enterprising  firm, 
while  satisfying  at  all  times  the  most  exacting  and 
fastidious  tastes  of  a  high-class  trade,  yet  caters  to 
the  demands  of  the  masses,  avIio  are  always  Avilling  to 
pay  substantial  prices  for  reliable  goods.  At  this 
house  courteous  treatment  and  fair  dealing  are  as- 
sured, for  the  gentlemen  composing  the  firm — Messrs. 
B.  E.  Jolly,  F.  M.  Jolly,  J.  S.  Wynne  and  R.  S.  Wynne 
— are  among  our  most  estimable  citizens  and  honor- 
able men. 

The  leading  confectionery  in  Ealeigh  at  this  time 
was  in  an  old  rickety  frame  building,  on  the  site  of  the 
Raney  Library,  and  which  for  many  years  before  had 
served  as  one  of  the  early  taverns  of  the  city.  One 
of  the  proprietors  had  been  Wm.  T.  Bain.  Besides 
the  Library  proper,  there  is  now  on  this  site,  and  on 
the  first  floor  of  the  Library  building,  one  of  the 
handsomest  and  most  tastefully  equipped  pharmacies 
in  the  city  or  State.  The  proprietor  is  Mr.  Robert 
Simpson,  whose  excellence  as  a  pharmacist  is  no 
higher  than  his  value  as  a  man  and  citizen.  These 
are  the  secrets  of  the  success  of  this  widely  popular  es- 
tablishment. 

On  the  west  side  of  Fayetteville  street,  from  Har- 
gett  to  Martin,  the  stores  were  old  framed  buildings, 
occupied  by  W.  G.  Lougee,  tinner;  F.  Keuster,  gun 
and  locksmith;  I.  Hesselbach,  coppersmith;  Henry 
Depkin,  shoemaker;  Robert  Dobbin,  shoemaker,  and 
others.  Where  now  stands  the  National  Bank  of 
Raleigh  was  the  site  of  the  first  residence  erected  at 
the  capital  for  the  State's  Chief  Magistrate.  Among 
the  prominent  merchants  and  business  men  now  on 
other  sites  below,  are  Boy  Ian,  Pearce  &  Co.,  Daniel 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  151 

Allen  &  Co.,  T.  H.  Briggs  &  Sons,  the  Hart-Ward 
Hardware  Co.,  Hubert  Belvin,  the  Carolina  Trust 
Company,  John  C.  Drewry,  J.  K.  Marshall,  Carey  J. 
Hunter.  The  first-mentioned  firm  is  composed  of 
Jas.  Boylan,  Chas.  McKImmon  and  J.  B.  Pearce.  Mr. 
Boylan  is  a  descendant  of  the  historic  family  of  that 
name — William  Boylan,  its  founder,  having  been  one 
of  the  most  prominent  of  Raleigh's  early  residents. 
Mr.  Jas.  Boylan  has  been  identified  with  the  dry  goods 
trade  for  nearly  a  lifetime.  Mr.  McKimmon  is  a  son 
of  Jas.  McKimmon,  who,  more  than  half  a  century 
ago,  was  one  of  the  two  leading  dry  goods  merchants 
of  Raleigh,  and  possesses  in  an  eminent  degree  that 
taste  and  judgment  the  exercise  of  which  has  con- 
tributed so  much  to  the  reputation  of  this  popular  dry 
goods  emporium.  Mr.  J.  B.  Pearce,  another  member 
of  the  firm,  is  a  gentleman  endowed  with  a  superabun- 
dance of  energy,  and  his  many  admirable  social  quali- 
ties, clear  judgment  and  general  business  capacity, 
render  him  very  popular  with  all  classes.  The  repu- 
tation of  this  establishment  is  co-extensive  with  the 
State. 

The  business  of  the  house  now  controlled  b}^  T.  H. 
Briggs  &  Sons  was  established  in  1865  by  T.  H. 
Briggs,  Sr.  (the  father  of  the  present  proprietors} 
and  Jas.  Dodd,  who  conducted  the  same  until  1868, 
when  Mr.  Briggs  became  the  sole  proprietor.  In  1871 
the  sons  were  made  copartners.  The  firm  then  be- 
came T.  H.  Briggs  &  Sons.  Since  the  death  of  T.  H. 
Briggs,  Sr.,  in  1886,  the  business  of  the  house  has  been 
conducted  by  the  sons,  Thos.  H.  Briggs  and  Jas.  A. 
Briggs,  under  the  style  of  T.  H.  Briggs  &  Sons.  In 
the  hardware  line  this  house  is  arrayed  in  the  front 
rank,  and  has  reaped  that  reward  it  so  richly  deserves. 
The  members  are  among  the  city's  most  substantial 
citizens  and  respected  men. 


152  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

The  president  of  the  National  Bank  of  Raleigh  is 
Mr.  Chas.  H.  Belvin.  No  one  who  knows  Mr.  Belvin 
and  has  watched  his  rapid  rise  from  a  clerk  in  the 
posto£Qce  to  the  presidency  of  a  bank,  can  be  surprised. 
Possessed  of  naturally  bright  business  capacity,  his 
integrity  of  character,  unassuming  manner  and  affa- 
ble disposition  pushed  him  forward  to  his  present  pop- 
ularity and  business  position.  Mr.  Belvin  is  gener- 
ally regarded  as  one  of  the  safest  financiers  in  the 
State.  He  is  and  long  has  been  a  steward  of  the 
Edenton  Street  Methodist  Church. 

The  members  of  the  firm  of  Daniel  Allen  &  Co.'s 
shoe  emporium,  on  Fayetteville  street,  are  among  the 
leading  spirits  in  Raleigh's  business  circles.  The  se- 
nior member,  Mr.  Geo.  E.  Hunter,  is  also  a  member 
of  the  well-known  firm  of  Hunter  &  Dunn,  wholesale 
grocers,  on  Wilmington  street,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
thoroughgoing  business  men  in  the  city.  Mr.  Allen, 
the  junior  partner,  is  a  man  possessing  the  very  high- 
est business  qualities,  and  under  his  active  manage- 
ment the  enterprise  has  become  a  leading  one  at  the 
capital.  Mr.  Allen  is  a  gentleman  of  culture  and 
widely  and  favorably  known  for  his  eminent  social 
qualities,  which  secure  for  him  not  only  a  host  of  per- 
sonal friends,  but  the  patronage  of  an  appreciative 
and  discriminating  public. 

In  the  next  building  to  the  above  mentioned  firm  is 
the  merchant  tailoring  business  of  Mr.  Hubert  Belvin, 
whose  push,  energy  and  determination  to  master  his 
vocation  has  won  for  him  a  patronage  of  the  best  class 
of  customers,  who  desire  stylish  and  perfect  fitting 
clothing.  He  is  a  first-class  expert  cutter,  and  per- 
sonally superintends  all  Avork  turned  out  from  his 
establishment. 

The  Oak   City   Ste^m   Laundry,   owned   and   con- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  153 

ducted  by  Mr.  Jos.  K.  Marshall,  is  the  only  real  up-to- 
date  industry  of  the  kind  in  the  State,  being  fitted  up 
with  all  the  latest  improved  machinery  for  such  work, 
obviating  the  use  of  chemical  preparations,  which  so 
greatly  damage  garments.  Mr.  Marshall's  establish- 
ment uses  nothing  but  pure  water  and  soap,  and  the 
improved  machinery  accomplishes  the  finest  speci- 
mens of  laundrying  ever  seen  in  this  city.  Mr.  Mar- 
shall takes  great  pride  in  his  business,  and  spares  no 
expense  in  turning  out  high-grade  laundry  work. 

The  buildings  on  the  east  side  of  Fayetteville  street, 
below  the  market,  were  then  likewise  of  wood.  No- 
where, along  the  entire  length  of  this  street,  was  there 
as  handsome  a  building  as  that  in  Avhich  the  Bobbitt- 
Wynne  Drug  Co.  condnct  their  extensive  business. 
The  stock  of  this  house  is  large  and  contains  all  the 
articles  that  belong  to  a  first-class  drugstore.  The 
business  is  wholesale  and  retail.  The  officers  of  the 
company  are  gentlemen  of  the  highest  personal  integ- 
rity and  widely  known  for  their  sterling  worth.  Mr. 
J.  Stanhope  Wynne,  the  president,  not  only  possesses 
business  qualifications  of  the  highest  order,  but  the 
interest  he  manifests  in  all  that  make  for  Raleigh's 
progress  proves  him  one  of  the  most  public  spirited 
men  who  ever  resided  at  the  capital.  Mr.  Wynne 
was  a  close  relative  of  the  late  Stanhope  Pullen  and 
stood  near  to  him  in  all  that  touched  him  deepest.  It 
was  this,  it  is  said,  that  occasioned  Mr.  Pullen's  mu- 
nificent gift  to  the  city  of  the  beautiful  park  bearing 
his  name.  Mr.  Rawley  Galloway,  the  manager  of  the 
company,  is  a  pharmacist  of  fine  ability,  whose  busi- 
ness acumen  and  professional  acquirements  fit  him 
admirably  for  his  responsible  duties.  He  is  a  gentle- 
man of  winning  personality,  and  his  friends  are  le- 

11 


154  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH 

gion.  In  the  prescription  department  Mr.  Galloway 
is  ably  assisted  by  Mr.  Robert  1.  Williams — a  son  of 
Mr.  Euflfin  Williams,  Raleigh's  retired  veteran  drug- 
gist. 

The  Carolina  Trust  Company's  Building,  on  Fay- 
etteville  street,  near  Martin,  is  an  honor  to  the  city. 
The  business  of  the  company  may  be  classified  under 
four  heads — general  banking,  savings  banking,  trusts, 
and  safety  deposits.  The  savings  department  is  to 
give  security  to  those  saving  their  money,  and  interest 
is  paid  on  money  deposited  in  this  branch.  The  trust 
feature  is  that  of  all  trust  comf)anies,  while  in  the  bur- 
glar-proof vault  are  the  most  approved  boxes  for  the 
safe  depositors. 

In  this  building  are  located  the  offices  of  the  life  in- 
surance business  of  Mr.  Carey  J.  Hunter,  whose  splen- 
did business  qualifications  and  personal  excellencies 
have  so  attracted  the  attention  of  the  public  as  to  draw 
him  into  service,  officially,  with  many  prominent  insti- 
tutions and  enterprises.  Some  of  these  are  Secretary 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Wake  Forest  College ;  Chairman 
Executive  Committee  of  Baptist  Female  University 
North  Carolina ;  President  Biblical  Recorder  Co. ;  Di- 
rector Mechanics'  Dime  Savings  Bank ;  Director  Com- 
mercial and  Farmers  Bank;  Deacon  First  Baptist 
Church ;  Director  Bobbitt-Wynne  Drug  Co. ;  Director 
Melrose  Knitting  Mill;  Director  Caraleigh  Cotton 
Mills ;  Director  News  and  Observer  Publishing  Co. — 
in  connection  with  his  general  agency  of  the  Union 
Central  Life  Insurance  Co.  In  all  these  various  posi- 
tions his  careful,  systematic  business  faculties  make 
him  prominent  among  his  associates  at  all  their  meet- 
ings. An  aggressive,  yet  unassuming  gentleman,  Mr. 
Hunter  is  withal  possessed  of  that  magnetism  which 
attracts  the  attention  of  all  who  wish  a  safe  counsel- 
lor, diligent  worker  and  earnest  advocate. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  155 

One  of  the  old-tiiue  iuhabitants  was  C.  W.  D. 
Hutcliiiigs,  who  for  many  years  had  a  harness  and 
saddlery  business  on  the  site  occupied  by  the  buihling 
in  which  F.  A.  Watson  conducts  his  photographic 
gallery.  Mr.  Watson's  determination  to  deserve  the 
public  favor  has  been  rewarded  by  a  liberal  share  of 
patronage,  and  his  desire  to  please,  and  to  execute  but 
the  best  work,  are  shown  by  his  popularity  both  as  a 
man  and  as  an  artist.  The  original  proprietor  of  this 
establishment  was  Mr.  J.  AV.  AN'atson,  who  had  the  dis- 
tinction of  making  the  first  photograph  ever  made  in 
the  State. 

P.  F.  Pescud,  one  of  our  leading  druggists  in  1860, 
was  continuing  his  business  on  Fayetteville  street. 
At  his  death  in  1384,  his  eldest  son,  John  S.  Pescud, 
succeeded  to  the  business,  which  he  is  still  conducting. 
His  store  is  now  on  West  Hargett  street,  near  Fayette- 
ville. No  one  ever  engaged  in  any  business  in  this 
city  who  enjoyed  in  a  greater  degree  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  all,  in  whatsoever  manner  received, 
than  John  S.  Pescud.  He  nuirried  in  1872  Miss  Belle, 
eldest  daughter  of  Laurens  Hinton,  of  this  county. 

Harry  Keim,  a  typical  Dutcliman,  who  introduced 
lager  beer  and  porter  in  Paleigh,  in  1860  was  selling 
his  beverages  in  a  small  wooden  building  where  now 
stands  the  reliable  and  popular  pharmacy  of  Jas. 
Iredell  Johnson.  The  business  of  this  old  established 
pharmacy  is  wholesale  and  retail,  and  ext(>nds  to 
every  portion  of  the  State.  The  proprietor  is  a 
son  of  the  late  Chas.  E.  Johnson,  one  of  Raleigh's 
early  and  eminent  phvsicians,  and  grandson  of  Gov. 
James  Iredell,  one  of  the  State's  early  chief  magis- 
trates. 

At  the  time  herein  referred  to,  the  construction  of 
buildings  had  not  reached  the  excellence  to  which  they 


156  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

have  since  attained.  Much  of  the  beauty  of  our  mod- 
ern residences  is  owing  to  the  skill  of  such  enterpris- 
ing men  as  Mr.  Jno.  T.  Jones,  who  has  a  prosperous 
slate-roofing  business.  His  office  is  on  South  Salis- 
bury^ street,  near  Martin.  Mr.  Jones,  in  his  line, 
stands  at  the  head.  His  perfect  reliability  in  all  re- 
spects has  secured  the  confidence  of  an  appreciative 
public,  and  his  superior  workmanship  been  rewarded 
with  much  success. 

Among  the  jewelers  of  the  capital  city,  T.  W.  Blake 
occupies  a  position  in  the  front  rank.  His  stock  of 
goods  are  of  the  best  quality,  while  his  Avorkmanship 
is  equal  to  any.  His  well  knoAvn  integrity  insures  for 
customers,  at  all  times,  complete  satisfaction.  Mr. 
Blake  is  a  leading  citizen,  a  man  of  sterling  qualities, 
and  deservedly  esteemed  for  his  Christian  virtues. 

The  house- furnishing  or  furniture  business  has 
grown  to  be  of  much  importance  in  Kaleigh,  and  that 
conducted  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Dail,  117  East  Martin  street, 
is  reaping  merited  reward  for  good  management  and 
fair  dealing.  Mr.  Dail  is  an  agreeable  man  and  relia- 
ble citizen.  He  has  conducted  this  business  for  a 
period  of  three  years,  and  has  the  confidence  of  a  large 
number  of  patrons. 

On  the  north  side  of  Hargett  street,  between  Wil- 
mington and  Fayetteville,  the  stores  were  occupied  by 
E.  E.  Harris,  A.  Karrar,  Jordan  Womble,  W.  C.  Up- 
church,  Jas.  Kogers,  W.  H.  Holleman  and  others.  Tal- 
bot Ligon  had  a  small  shop  where  J.  B.  Green  &  Co. 
now  conduct  their  well  stocked  store  of  select  grocer- 
ies. In  its  collection  of  choice  household  supplies  this 
firm  ranks  with  the  foremost  in  the  city.  The  firm  is 
composed  of  Messrs.  J.  B.  and  T.  E.  Green,  both  of 
whom  are  men  of  energy  and  enterprise.  G.  B.  Bag- 
well, Bernard  Abt,  and  E.  A.  Whitaker  then  kept 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  157 

grocery  stores  on  the  opposite  side  of  this  street. 
There  were  then  no  drug  stores  east  of  Fayetteville 
street.  The  growing  demands,  however,  of  an  in- 
creased and  varied  population  induced  ]\Ir.  O.  G.  King, 
several  years  ago,  to  open  an  attractive  pharmacy  on 
the  corner  of  Wilmington  and  Hargett  streets,  where 
are  kept  the  purest  goods  and  at  reasonable  prices  as 
can  be  found  anywhere.  Mr.  King  is  one  of  our  most 
substantial  citizens,  a  man  of  high  integrity,  and  in 
his  profession  ranks  high. 

No  line  of  industry  is  more  important  to  the  mate- 
rial welfare  of  a  community  than  the  furniture  busi- 
ness, and  in  Raleigh  the  leaders  are  the  Royal  &  Bor- 
den Furniture  Co.  Seldom  is  an  enterprise  found 
enjoying  a  higher  degree  of  prosperity  than  is  this 
company.  Its  members  are  Messrs.  J.  L.  Borden  and 
George  Royall,  of  Goldsboro,  business  men  of  much 
prominence,  who  are  president  and  vice-president  of 
the  company,  respectively;  Mr.  T.  P.  Jerman,  Jr.,  sec- 
retary and  treasurer,  a  gentleman  of  pronounced  abil- 
ity in  mercantile  affairs;  and  Mr.  Miles  Goodwin, 
manager,  who  has  proven,  during  his  long  connection 
with  the  establishment,  a  most  valuable  adjunct  in 
securing  for  it  the  great  popularity  it  now^  enjoys. 
Their  commodious  establishment  is  a  great  credit  to 
the  city. 

Near  where  Briggs  &  Dodd  then  had  their  planing- 
mill  and  shops  is  now  the  establishment,  on  West 
street,  of  Wyatt  &  Ellington,  who  are  conducting  a 
business  of  like  character.  The  extent  of  this 'enter- 
prise is  in  proper  keeping  with  the  constantly  growing 
population  of  our  beautiful  metropolis.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  firm  are  Walter  J.  Wyatt  and  Edgar  E. 
Ellington,  both  of  w^hom  are  substantial  men  and 
occupy  favorable  positions  in  industrial  circles  here 


158  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

and  in  surrounding  country.  Their  progressive  spirit 
is  being  rewarded  by  increasing  demands  for  tlieir 
superior  productions. 

The  H.  J.  Brown  Coffin  House  was  established  in 
1836  by  the  late  Henry  J.  Brown,  who  conducted  it 
successfully  until  his  death  in  1879.  Mr.  Jno.  W. 
Brown  then  became  the  manager,  and  under  his  con- 
trol the  business  has  been  a  leading  one  at  the  capital. 
Mr.  Brown  is  a  proficient  funeral  director  and  sin* lied 
embalmer.  The  establishment  is  fitted  out  with  the 
latest  improvements  in  every  branch  of  the  business. 

The  H.  T.  Hicks  Drug  Co.  is  among  the  most  promi- 
nent pharmacies  in  the  city.  The  business  is  in  charge 
of  Mr.  Henry  T.  Hicks,  who  has  achieved  a  marked 
success  as  a  skillful  pharmacist.  He  has  brought  to 
the  relief  of  those  wiio  suffer  from  headache  his  fa- 
mous cure,  "Capudine,''  one  of  the  most  popular  pro- 
prietary medicines  on  the  market.  Mr.  Hicks  is  a 
young  self-made  man,  whose  careful  business  methods 
and  push,  energy  and  integrity  of  character  have 
brought  him  success. 

It  is  not  the  business  makes  the  man,  but  the  man 
who  possesses  all  the  qualities  of  attraction,  the 
clear  insight  to  business,  the  indefatigable  determina- 
tion to  succeed.  Such  a  man  makes  any  business. 
One  of  these  men  is  John  C.  Drewry,  who  is  a  leader 
among  insurance  men  at  the  capital.  IMr.  Drewrv  has 
all  these  capabilities,  and  Baleigh,  its  internal  im- 
provements, particularly  its  streets,  speak  but  the 
result  of  Mr.  Drewry's  good  judgment  and  enercretic 
w^ork.  He  has  served  the  city  several  terms  as  alder- 
man, is  Grand  Secretary  of  the  ^Masons,  prominent  ia 
other  fraternal  societies,  and  a  brilliant  luminarv  in 
the  social  realm.  Mr.  Drewry's  jrreat  Dopularity  and 
familiarity  wdth  public  interests  have  drawm  him  into 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  159 

prominence  as  a  candidate  for  Representative  in  the 
General  Assembly  from  Wake  County.  He  was  a  few 
days  since  nominated  for  this  position  by  the  prima- 
ries, and  this  is  equivalent  to  an  election.  His  past 
record  is  a  guarantee  of  the  valuable  services  he  will 
render  not  only  the  county  of  Wake,  but  the  entire 
commonwealth. 

John  Kane  then  had  a  liquor  shop  in  a  little  frame 
building  on  the  corner  where  now  stands  the  Citizens 
National  Bank.  This  institution  is  built  upon  a  solid 
foundation.  Mr.  Joseph  G.  Brown,  its  president,  and 
a  most  modest  and  unassuming  gentleman,  has  devel- 
oped most  remarkable  financial  ability,  and  having 
filled  almost  every  position  from  messenger  up,  noAV 
holds  the  presidency  and  management  of  this  popular 
banking  house.  Mr.  Brown  is  also  Treasurer  of  the 
City  of  Raleigh  and  Vice-President  of  the  State 
Bankers  Association;  also  steward  of  the  ~SL  E. 
Church  and  superintendent  of  its  Sunday  School. 

The  Cross  &  Linehan  Co.  is  composed  of  Messrs 
Jno.  W.  Cross,  Wm.  A.  Linehan  and  P.  J.  Wray, 
three  young  men,  who,  by  their  energy,  integrity  and 
most  excellent  business  qualities,  have  builded  up  per- 
haps the  best  arranged  and  most  successful  clothing 
and  gentlemen's  furnishing  business  in  the  State. 
Mr.  Linehan  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Patrick  Line- 
han, who  assisted  in  the  construction  of  the  Federal 
Post  Office  Building. 

The  northern  limits  of  the  city,  at  this  time,  were 
bounded  by  North  street.  Beyond  this  were  few  resi- 
dences, and  no  pretense  to  business.  The  growth  of 
the  city  has  been  such  that  of  late  years  various  busi- 
ness enterprises  have  been  established.  Among  these 
is  the  Northside  Pharmacy,  which  is  now  conducted 
by  Mr.  Wm.  G.  Thomas.     He  is  a  most  enterprising 


160  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

business  man,  and  his  courteous  manners,  fine  busi- 
ness capabilities,  integrity  and  social  qualities  make 
his  store  a  most  popular  one.  He  is  a  son  of  Mr.  E.  B. 
Thomas,  one  of  our  oldest  and  most  esteemed  citizens. 
His  goods  are  of  the  best,  and  as  a  pharmacist  his  rank 
is  superior. 

The  Zachary  Mantel  Co.,  successors  to  Zachary  & 
Zachary,  108  W.  Martin  street,  are  conducting  a  most 
successful  business  in  the  furnishing  of  hardwood 
mantels,  tiles  and  grates.  This  is  a  comparatively 
new  firm  in  our  midst,  though  the  gentlemen  compos- 
ing it,  by  their  strict  attention  to  business  and  liber- 
ality in  their  dealings,  have  struck  the  channel  to  pop- 
ularity. They  are  rapidly  spreading  out  into  larger 
capacity  for  the  management  of  their  constantly  in- 
creasing trade,  their  business  engagements  extending 
to  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama  and  other  South- 
ern States.  The  manager,  Mr.  Arthur  I).  Zachary, 
is  one  of  Raleigh's  substantial  citizens,  a  man  of  fine 
business  attainments,  a  gentleman  of  most  agreeable 
and  engaging  manners,  and  one  with  whom  it  is  a 
pleasure  to  know  and  deal. 

From  Johnson's  Pharmacy,  on  Fayetteville  street, 
to  the  Yarborough  House,  at  the  period  mentioned 
above,  was  a  row  of  old  framed  houses,  occupied  as 
confectionery  shops,  law  offices,  etc.  These  structures 
long  ago  gave  way  to  the  present  handsome  buildings, 
in  which  are  now  conducted  various  lines  of  business. 
Among  these  is  the  well  known  and  long  established 
enterprise  of  Messrs.  J.  M.  Broughton  and  T.  B. 
Moseley,  who,  since  1888,  have  been  associated  in  the 
business  of  dealing  in  real  estate.  These  gentlemen 
are  among  the  prominent  business  men  of  Ealeigh, 
and  have  contributed,  during  their  business  career, 
much  to  the  advancement  of  the  city's  interests.     In 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  161 

personal  integrity  and  social  qualities  they  occupy 
high  positions. 

The  business  part  of  the  city  was  then  confined 
mainly  to  Fayetteville  street,  no  stores  having  been 
erected  east  of  that  thoroughfare  except  on  Hargett 


DR.    CHAS.   E.   .loHNSOIf. 

Died  1876;  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Street.  Where  now  stands  the  Farmers  and  Com- 
mercial Bank,  the  dry  goods  house  of  Walter  WooU- 
cott,  the  clothing  establishment  of  Whiting  Bros., 
were  the  premises  of  Mrs.  Kuffin  Williams. 

Mr.  Woollcott  is  the  successor  of  Messrs.  Woollcott 
&  Son,  who  conducted  so  successfully  a  dry  goods 
business  here  for  many  years.     Mr.  William  Wooll- 


162  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

cott  retired  from  the  firm  in  1900.  The  present  pro- 
prietor is  one  of  Raleigh's  most  prominent  citizens, 
and  ranks  with  the  foremost  young  business  men  of 
the  city.  No  enterprise  ever  established  at  the  capital 
enjoys  the  confidence  of  a  wider  circle  of  friends  than 
the  dry  goods  business  of  Walter  Woollcott. 

The  clothing  business  of  Whiting  Bros,  is 
the  oldest  establishment  of  its  kind  in  the  city.  Mr. 
Seymour  Whiting  has  been  identified  with  this  branch 
of  business  for  many  years,  and  Avith  his  brother,  Mr. 
Chester  Whiting  has  successfully  conducted  a  larg9 
and  prosperous  trade.  There  are  few  visitors  to  Ra- 
leigh who  do  not  know  and  patronize  Whiting  Bros. 

The  Commercial  and  Farmers  Bank,  under  the  man- 
agement of  Capt.  Thomas,  must  go  forward  to  success, 
for  as  cotton  broker,  wholesale  merchant  and  commis- 
sion merchant,  Captain  Thomas  developed  such  excel- 
lent business  capabilities  that  when  this  banking 
house  was  established  he  was  called  by  the  stockhold- 
ers to  take  the  presidency.  Capt.  Thomas  is  one  of 
our  most  prominent  figures  in  all  the  phases  of  good 
citizenship  and  business  management. 

Gathering  their  materials  from  Germany,  Spain, 
England,  South  America,  Florida,  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia and  the  Great  West,  the  Caraleigh  Phosphate 
and  Fertilizer  Works  manufacture  every  grade  of  fer- 
tilizers demanded  by  the  North  Carolina  trade.  Their 
business  is  very  successful,  due  largely  to  the  fact  that 
its  management  is  composed  of  such  energetic  and 
reliable  men  as  J.  R.  Chamberlain,  Ashley  Home,  S. 
R.  Home,  E.  C.  Smith,  F.  O.  Moring,  J.' W.  Barber 
and  A.  L.  Chamberlain.  They  have  a  large  up-to-date 
plant,  and  the  fact  that  a  mile  of  side-track  is  re- 
quired around  their  factory  to  handle  heavy  ship- 
ments,  indicates   somewhat   the  enormous   business 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  163 

done.  Ealeigh  is  justly  proud  of  this  large  industry. 
The  success  of  this  North  Carolina  enterprise  is 
largely  due  to  the  eminent  ability  and  intelligent  man- 
agement of  the  business  of  the  company  by  its  presi- 
dent, Prof.  J.  R.  Chamberlain,  who  has  been  ably 
assisted  by  Mr.  A.  L.  Chamberlain,  the  secretary  and 
treasurer.  Few  manufacturing  enterprises  have  been 
more  ably  managed  in  all  its  departments  than  the 
Caraleigh  Phosphate  Works,  of  Raleigh. 

Among  the  most  prominent  insurance  men  in  Ra- 
leigh is  J.  D.  Boushall,  whose  personal  and  business 
qualities  attract  all  who  come  in  contact  with  him. 
In  the  General  Assembly  of  1899,  he  was  among  the 
ablest  representatives  of  that  body ;  he  also  served  the 
city  as  alderman  until  his  rapidly  increasing  insur- 
ance business  demanded  his  entire  attention.  He  is 
a  prominent  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  and 
for  a  long  time  was  the  superintendent  of  its  Sunday 
School.  Mr.  Boushall  is  deeply  interested  in  all  that 
concerns  the  material  welfare  of  the  capital  city. 

G.  A.  Strickland  &  Co.  is  a  firm  of  undertakers  oc- 
cupying spacious  accommodations  in  the  Trade  Build- 
ing, on  S.  Wilmington  street.  The  firm  is  composed  of 
G.  A.  Strickland  and  L.  W.  Duskin.  Mr.  Strickland 
is  a  well  and  favorably  known  resident  of  the  capital, 
while  Mr.  Duskin  is  formerly  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  where 
for  many  years  he  was  successfully  engaged  in  the 
same  business  now  claiming  his  attention  here.  These 
gentlemen  are  highly  capable  in  every  department  in 
their  line  of  industry,  and  those  dealing  with  them 
will  find  them  courteous  and  agreeable.  The  equip- 
ments of  this  establishment  are  the  latest  and  most 
improved  in  every  detail.     Their  terms  are  reasonable, 

On  Wilmington  street  and  Exchange  Place  J.  M. 
Kohn  is  a  dealer  in  ready-made  clothing,  sample  shoes^ 


164  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

and  gents'  furnishing  goods.  He  is  a  polite  and  cour- 
teous gentleman,  has  a  corps  of  obliging  clerks,  and 
the  excellent  quality  and  low  prices  which  obtain  at 
his  store  secure  for  him  a  popular  trade.  Since  Mr. 
Kohn  has  been  in  business  here  he  has  succeeded  in 
building  up  a  most  enviable  reputation  for  reliability 
and  fair  dealing.     His  personal  friends  are  many. 

The  Hart-Ward  Hardware  Co.,  on  Fayetteville 
street,  successors  to  Julius  Lewis  Hardware  Co.,  is  a 
business  under  the  management  of  Messrs  John  and 
Frank  Ward  and  Mr.  Chas.  B.  Hart,  three  of  the 
brightest  young  business  men  in  Raleigh.  Messrs. 
Ward  and  Hart  have  grown  up  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness, and  no  one  who  knows  them  will  wonder  at  their 
rapid  advancement.  Their  trade  embraces  the  limits 
of  the  State  and  is  constantly  increasing. 

W.  H.  King  &  Co.  conduct  two  of  the  largest  drug 
stores  in  Raleigh.  This  is  the  result  of  the  enterprise, 
zeal,  professional  efficiency  and  excellent  business 
capacity  of  Mr.  W.  Henry  King,  whose  popularity  in- 
creases every  year.  Mr.  King  has  from  a  clerk  risen 
to  the  control  of  two  elegantly  fitted  up  drug  houses 
and  well  merits  the  large  trade  he  enjoys. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  165 


HISTORICAL   SCRAPS. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  are  accustomed  to  cry 
''hard  times,"  and  who  think  there  is  no  time  like  the 
"good  ohl  times/'  the  following  prices  of  articles  of 
everyday  consumption  sixty  years  ago,  is  appended : 
The  cost  of  a  dozen  needles  was  25  cents,  a  silk  hand- 
kerchief (bandana)  fl.25,  a  muslin  handkerchief  70 
cents,  a  yard  of  broadcloth  |7,  a  pound  of  pepper  70 
cents,  a  pair  of  cotton  hose  |1.40,  one  dozen  pewter 
plates  14.50,  a  pound  of  Hyson  tea  $2.50,  a  yard  of 
linen  70  cents,  a  pound  of  gunpowder  |1,  a  pound  of 
shot  15  cents.  Nails  were  sold  by  number,  not  by  the 
pound,  €.  g.,  fifty  ten-penny  nails  15  cents.  Brown 
sugar  was  sold  at  from  ten  to  fifteen  cents  per  pound 
[there  was  no  white  sugar  except  loaf,  which  was 
tAventy-five  cents  per  pound]  ;  Rio  coffee  was  twenty- 
five  cents ;  flour  six  dollars  per  barrel,  molasses  sixty 
cents  per  gallon,  and  bacon  from  eight  to  ten  cents 
per  i)ound.  Candles  were  five  cents  each.  Lighting 
by  gas  was  not  known  here  until  1858.  The  charge 
was  $6  per  thousand  feet — now^  it  is  $2. 

The  last  wooden  structure  on  the  business  portion 
of  Favetteville  street  was  demolished  but  a  short  while 
since,'  to  make  way  for  the  Carolina  Trust  Building, 
just  completed,  adjoining  the  Tucker  Building. 

Raleigh  during  the  Civil  War  had  a  match  factory. 
Mr.  William  Simpson,  the  pharmacist,  was  the  pro- 
prietor. The  operatives  were  boys  and  girls,  which 
were  employed  in  great  numbers. 

In  ISGl,  after  the  Civil  War  had  begun.  A.  W. 
Fraps  and  Phil.  Thiem,  anticipating  a  great  scarcity 
of  leather,  because  of  the  closing  of  the  Northern 
markets  to  Southern  trade,  with  that  foresight  and 


166  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

sagacity  worthy  of  enterprising  business  men,  opened 
a  factory  for  the  manufacture  of  wooden  shoes.  They 
made  two  different  kinds — one  with  wooden  soles 
only,  the  remainder  of  leather;  the  other  (of  boat-like 
shape)  was  entirely  of  wood,  except  a  small  flap  into 
which  to  place  the  strings.  They  were  lined  with  cot- 
ton or  felt.  It  was  thought  the  Confederate  govern- 
ment would  place  with  the  promoters  of  this  enter- 
prise big  contracts  to  supply  the  soldiers  with  these 
shoes,  but  this  was  a  mistake,  and  the  business  was 
soon  abandoned.  The  same  firm  continued,  however, 
to  manufacture  other  articles,  such  as  putty,  sand- 
paper, pencils,  curry-combs,  and  many  other  things 
for  home  consumption. 

A  substitute  had  now  to  be  found  also  for  coffee. 
To  the  ingenious  mind  this  was  comparatively  simple. 
This  substitute  consisted  principally  of  potatoes, 
which  were  first  cut  up,  dried  and  then  baked  ana 
ground.  Koasted  or  parched  corn,  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
etc.,  were  also  used  by  many  people.  An  Irishman 
by  the  name  of  Kelly  opened  a  factory  for  the  turning 
out  of  some  of  this  "coffee."  Some  uncharitable  peo- 
ple said  he  mixed  acorns  with  the  above  ingredients. 
He  soon  earned  the  sobriquet  of  "Coffee  Kelly." 

Messrs.  Keuster  and  Smethurst  secured  contracts 
for  the  manufacture  of  gun  caps,  and  in  1S62  Capt. 
B.  P.  Williamson  and  the  late  Col.  J.  M.  Heck  manu- 
factured belt  buckles  and  spurs  to  supply  the  Confed- 
erate cavalry.  Cartridges,  too,  were  manufactured; 
the  "plant"  was  at  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution, 
and  the  operatives  were  the  pupils  and  other  boys  and 
girls  of  the  city. 

Away  back  in  the  fifties,  in  "log  cabin  and  hard 
cider  times,"  political  enthusiasts  would  sometimes 
resort  to  methods  in  elections  that  would  put  to 
l>lush  many  of  the  tricks  and  schemes  heard  of  now. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  1G7 

One  instance  of  this  character  was  that  of  old  man 
Archie  Drake,  who  kept  a  liquor  shop  on  Hillsboro 
street,  near  the  railroad  bridge.  On  the  mornings  of 
election  days,  after  h)ading  up  his  '^heelers"  with  a 
quantity  of  his  liquid  goods  sufficient  to  arouse  their 
patriotism  ( ?)  he  would  arrange  them  into  a  com- 
pany, and  then,  in  the  centre  of  the  street,  single  file, 
they  would,  to  the  time  of  drum  and  fife,  march  to  the 
polls  in  a  body.  Arriving  there,  each  man  would  de- 
posit his  ballot  under  his  boss's  direction,  and  then 
return  to  the  shop  to  receive  the  reward  of  having 
performed  the  duty  of  a  patriot !  In  those  days  the 
law  did  not  recjuire  saloons  to  be  closed  on  election 
days,  as  now. 

No  sport  was  so  popular  in  this  State  in  the  good 
old  da^^s  as  cock-fights.  Sometimes  it  would  be  an- 
nounced in  the  pap:Ts  and  in  posters  that  festivals  of 
this  character  would  be  held  for  three  days  in  certain 
towns.  Warrerton  and  Pittsboro  had  quite  a  reputa- 
tion for  furnishirg  tliis  sport  to  the  public.  The 
stakes  were  sometimes  as  high  as  five  hundred  dollars. 

The  postage  on  letters  in  1827,  and  many  years  af- 
terward, was  six  cents  for  unj  distance  not  exceeding 
30  miles;  over  30  and  not  exceeding  SO  miles, 
ten  cents;  over  SO  and  not  exceeding  150  miles,  twelve 
and  a  half  cents:  over  150  and  not  exceeding  400 
miles,  eighteen  and  three-fourth  cents ;  over  400  miles, 
twenty-five  cents. 

In  the  latter  part  of  18'>3,  corn  meal  was  selling  for 
|12  per  bushel,  and  bacon  at  §3  per  pound.  The  per 
diem  of  legislators  was  §(>  per  day,  while  their  ex- 
penses Avere  not  less  than  |10  per  day.  Later,  in  18G4, 
a  suit  of  clothes  would  cost  a  thousand  dollars,  a  bar- 
rel of  flour  eiglit  hundred,  bacon,  a  dollar  and  a  half 
a  pound,  molasses  (home-made)  fifty  dollars  a  gallon. 
Hats  sold  for  three  hundred  dollars. 


168  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

THE   DAWN    OF   A    MOMENTOUS    ERA. 

The  incidents  ()f  May  20,  ISGl,  will  remain  as  per- 
manent in  the  history  of  Raleigh  as  the  granite  hall 
in  which  they  occurred.  From  that  eyentful  and  his- 
toric day  new  scenes,  new  incidents  and  a  dark  future 
wound  before  our  people.  It  was  a  turning  point  in 
its  history.  The  dark  clouds  of  the  approaching 
storm  arose  before  our  people.  The  following  pages 
will  tell  of  some  of  the  stirring  events  that  lay  in  the 
immediate  future. 

North  Carolinians,  and  especially  those  of  Raleigh, 
are  not  a  mercurial  people.  They  are  rather  slow  to 
move,  but  when  once  aroused,  they  enter  into  the 
cause  in  which  they  are  interested  with  an  earnestness 
unsurpassed  by  any.  The  exciting  times  of  the  latter 
part  of  1860  and  early  part  of  1861,  incident  to  the 
Presidential  election,  did  not  seriously  disturb  our 
people,  but  when  it  w^as  announced  that  Fort  Sumter 
had  been  bombarded  they  aw  oke  to  the  necessities  of 
the  occasion,  and  became  prepared  to  bear  their  part 
in  the  conflict  that  w^as  now  inevitable. 

The  Raleigh  Register,  in  its  issue  of  March  6,  1861, 
referring  to  Lincoln's  inauguration  and  his  policy^ 
said  :  ^'For  the  first  time  the  Federal  capital  wdll  bris- 
tle with  arms  to  protect  the  person  of  the  President 
from  violence,  and  the  property  of  the  Federal  govern- 
ment from  seizure  and  depredation.  These  will  con- 
stitute most  momentous  and  memorable  events 
throughout  coming  time." 

Later  the  same  paper  said,  in  referring  to  the  States 
that  had  seceded  from  the  Union :  ^^Just  let  them 
alone,  and  leave  them  to  work  out  the  problem  of  a 
separate  and  independent  government,  and  before 
Christmas  some  of  them  will  be  glad  enough  to  return 
to  the  fold  of  the  Union.     Texas  and  Florida  are  not 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  169 

able  to  support  themselves,  much  less  contribute  any- 
thing to  the  support  and  strength  of  the  new  Confed- 
eracy.-' 

A  month  or  so  afterward  the  same  paper  said: 
"Seven  States  have  left  tlie  Union,  declaring  they  will 
never  willingly  return  to  it.  We  believe  that  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  is  about  to  wage  a  war  of  coercion  against 
these  States ;  we  believe  that  in  this  war  the  remaining 
slaveholding  States  Avill  be  involved,  and  we  shall  be 
found  on  the  side  of  the  section  in  Avhich  we  Avere  born 
and  bred,  and  in  which  live  our  kindred  and  our 
friends.  If  this  makes  us  secessionists  then  so  let  us 
be  called.-' 

At  that  time  "State's  Rights"  or  secession  meetings 
were  being  held  all  over  the  State. 

The  first  official  information  that  a  conflict  be- 
tween the  Xorth  and  South  would  ensue  from  the  elec- 
tion of  Lincoln  was  by  the  following  telegram  from 
Simon  Cameron,  Secretary  of  War  of  the  United 
States,  sent  to  Governor  Ellis :  "To  J.  W.  Ellis,  Gov- 
ernor of  Xorth  Carolina:  Call  nuide  on  you  by  to- 
night's mail  for  two  regiments  of  military  for  immedi- 
ate service." 

The  Governor  promptly  replied  by  saying:  "I  can 
be  no  party  to  this  Avicked  Adolation  of  the  laws  of  the 
country  and  to  this  Avar  upon  the  liberties  of  the  peo- 
ple.    You  can  get  no  troops  from  North  Carolina.'' 

On  the  17th  of  April  Governor  Ellis  issued  a  procla- 
mation, in  Avhich,  after  alluding  to  the  foregoing  facts, 
he  exhorted  "all  good  citizens  throughout  the  State 
to  be  mindful  that  their  first  allegiance  is  due  to  the 
soA^ereignty  Avhich  protects  their  honor  and  dearesr 
interests,  as  their  first  serAdce  is  due  for  the  sacred  de- 
fense of  their  hearths,  and  of  the  soil  which  holds  tlic 
graves  of  our  glorious  dead." 
12 


170  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

THE  STARS  AND  BARS  UNFURLED. 

Things  were  then  getting  warm,  and  personal  en- 
counters between  champions  of  secession  and  ''Union 
men"  were  common.  Later  in  April  a  '^secession 
pole''  and  flag  were  raised  on  a  vacant  lot  on  Fayette- 
ville  street,  and  Avas  fired  upon  bv  a  ''Union  man," 
which  act  came  near  precipitating  a  riot.  Duncan 
Haywood  and  Basil  C.  Manly,  both  of  whom  were 
among  the  first  to  manifest  their  secession  proclivities 
by  wearing  upon  their  hats  a  red  cockade — the  badge 
of  secession — had  gone  to  this  place  with  a  secession 
or  Confederate  flag,  for  the  purpose  of  hoisting  it  on 
a  pole  which  had  been  erected  for  that  purpose.  On 
their  arrival,  with  their  friends,  they  found  a  number 
of  antagonists,  or  "Union  men,"  who  displayed  great 
opposition  to  the  raising  of  this  symbol  of  war.  One 
of  this  number  was  armed  with  a  shotgun,  who 
avowed  his  determination  to  shoot  down  the  flag  the 
instant  it  was  raised.  The  hot-headed  secessionists 
Avere  not  to  be  thus  deterred,  aud  proceeded  to  carry 
out  their  purpose.  By  this  time  a  reckless  young 
fellow,  by  the  name  of  Tom  Yates,  had  secreted  him- 
self under  an  old  shed  near  Wilmington  street.  The 
flag  was  hoisted,  but  no  sooner  had  its  folds  unfurled, 
than  bang !  went  Tom  Yates's  gun.  At  that  moment 
Wiley  Sauls,  a  daring  leader  of  the  "Union  men,"  ad- 
vanced to  the  pole,  declaring  his  intention  of  cutting 
down  the  flag.  One  of  those  Avho  had  been  promi- 
nent in  the  movement,  being  equally  determined,  at 
this  juncture  drew  a  pistol  and  threatened  Avar  upon 
Sauls  and  his  friends  if  the  emblem  of  State's  rights 
was  further  molested.  By  this  time  cooler  heads  had 
arrived  on  the  scene,  and  their  wise  counsel  prevail- 
ing, what  had  promised  a  serious  riot  was  averted. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  171 

The  young  men  who  had  shown  so  much  opposition 
to  the  secession  movement  in  this  and  other  ways, 
were  afterwards  among  the  first,  be  it  said  to  their 
credit,  to  shoulder  their  muskets  and  prove  their 
loyalty  to  their  native  land.  Many  of  them  are  sleep- 
ing to-day  on  Virginia's  soil. 

Shortly  after  the  occurrence  of  the  foregoing  inci- 
dent, a  large  and  enthusiastic  meeting  was  held,  to 
which  Avere  invited  all  parties  who  desired  "to  unite 
in  resisting  the  usurper  Lincoln,"  as  the  newly  elected 
President  was  termed.  Dr.  Fabius  J.  Haywood  (fa- 
ther of  Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood,  Jr.),  was  made  chairman 
of  the  meeting,  and  Mr.  C.  B.  Root,  secretary.  At 
this  meeting  the  reply  of  Governor  Ellis  to  Lincoln 
for  troops  was  heartily  endorsed.  Major  A.  M.  Lewis 
was  the  chairman  of  the  committee  to  draft  resolu- 
tions. 

The  most  exciting  time  ever  experienced  in  Raleigh 
was  on  the  20th  of  May,  1861,  the  day  on  which  the 
State  severed  its  connection  with  the  Union  by  the 
adoption  of  the  Secession  Ordinance.  This  was  done 
through  a  State  Convention,  which  had  been  called 
for  the  purpose  of  considering  what  should  be  the  atti- 
tude of  the  commonwealth  with  regard  to  the  seces- 
sion movement,  which  was  rife  throughout  the  South. 
As  soon  as  the  result  was  announced,  one  hundred 
guns  were  fired  in  the  Capitol  Square,  and  the  bells  of 
the  city  rung,  amid  the  deafening  shouts  of  an  excited 
multitude.     The  people  were  wild  I 

The  following  is  a  verbatim  copy  of  the  Ordinance 
of  Secession : 

"We,  the  people  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  in 
convention  assembled,  do  declare  and  ordain,  and  it  is 
hereby  declared  and  ordained,  that  the  ordinance 
adopted  by  the  State  of  North  Carolina  in  the  Con- 


172  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

yention  of  1789,  whereby  the  Constitution  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  Avas  ratified  and  adopted,  and  also  all  acts 
and  parts  of  acts  of  the  General  Assembly,  ratifying 
and  adopting  amendments  to  the  said  Constitution, 
are  hereby  repealed,  rescinded  and  abrogated. 

"We  do  further  declare  and  ordain,  that  the  Union 
now  subsisting  between  the  State  of  North  Carolina 
and  the  other  States  under  the  title  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  is  hereby  dissolved,  and  that  the 
State  of  North  Carolina  is  in  full  possession  and  exer- 
cise of  all  those  rights  of  sovereignty  which  belong 
and  appertain  to  a  free  and  independent  State." 

The  military  spirit  of  the  people  was  by  this  time 
fully  aroused.  Besides  organizations  for  field  duty, 
a  company  known  as  the  ''Home  Guard"  was  formed, 
composed  of  men  beyond  the  age  of  forty-five,  the  most 
active  members  of  which  were  to  patrol  the  city  every 
nisht  when  so  directed.  However,  a  communication 
was  sent  to  one  of  the  papers  signed  *'Laay,"  saying, 
''we  desire  no  such  company — let  them  go  where  they 
are  needed."  The  editor,  after  commending  the  lady's 
spirit,  commented  thus:  "Nearly  every  lady  in  town 
was  for  secession  long  before  the  war  begun,  and  now 
they  actually  Avant  all  the  men  to  leave  and  go  into 
the  field,  while  they  will  protect  themselves.  Hurrah 
for  the  ladies  of  Ealeigh!" 


PREPARATIONS    FOR  ThjE    CONFLICT. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  there  was  organized  in 
Raleigh  three  companies — one  of  artillery  and  two  of 
infantry.  Nearly  every  one  who  enlisted  at  that  time 
joined  one  or  the  other  of  these  organizations.     Still, 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  173 


there  were  some  who  united  themselves  with  other 
commands.  Their  names  are  herein  given,  as  well  as 
those  joining  the  home  companies.  Later,  in  1862, 
another  company  was  formed  here,  most  of  the  mem- 
bers of  which  had  resided  in  Raleigh. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  all  the  Raleigh 
boys  who  were  in  the  Confederate  service  in  any  ca- 
pacity— whether  as  officers  or  privates — at  any  time 
during  the  war,  from  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter  in 
1861,  to  the  surrender  at  Appomattox  in  1865 : 


TENTH   REGIMENT. — COMPANY   A. 

"  Forth  from  its  scabbard,  pure  and  bright 

Flashed  the  sword  of  Lee  ! 
Far  in  the  front  of  the  deadly-  fight, 
High  o'er  the  brave  in  the  cause  of  Right. 
Its  stainless  sheen,  like  a  beacon  light, 

Led  us  to  victory." 

—Rev.  Father  Ryan. 

This  company  was  first  known  as  Ramseur's  Bat- 
tery, and  organized  in  Raleigh  in  April,  1861,  with 
S.  D.  Ramseur  as  captain.  This  officer  was  after- 
ward promoted,  and  Basil  C.  Manly,  of  Raleigh,  com- 
missioned in  his  stead.  The  only  other  officers  of  this 
company  who  were  residents  of  Raleigh  at  the  time  of 
their  commission  were  B.  B.  Guion  and  Wm.  J. 
Saunders. 

The  non-commissioned  officers  were,  Phil.  H.  Sas- 
ser,  1st  Sergt. ;  Jas.  D.  Newsom,  2d  Sergt. ;  Jas.  Mc- 
Kimmon,  4th  Sergt. ;  Wm.  E.  Pell,  1st  Corp. ;  X.  W. 
West,  Artificer.  The  privates  were,  C.  R.  Harris,  C. 
Harward,  J.  S.  Harward,  E.  Telfair  Hall,  G.  W. 
Perry,  Samuel  Snow,  W.  A.  Wedding,  W.  H.  Bledsoe, 
J.  Pugh  Haywood,  Herbert  Bragg,  E.  F.  Page,  J.  Q. 
DeCarteret,  J.  J.  Iredell,  C.  T.  Iredell,  Geo.  3[.  Whit- 
ing, W.  F.  Ramsey,  Chas.  McKimmon,  W.  M.  Jones. 


174  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

FOURTEENTH  REGIMENT  — COMPANY  E. 

This  company  was  organized  in  1861,  with  George 
H.  Faribault  as  captain.  Other  captains  at  later 
periods  were,  Wm.  T.  Poole,  Jefferson  M.  Henson. 
Other  officers  were :  Marcellus  Thompson,  1st  Lieut. ; 
John  W.  Harrison,  2d  Lieut. ;  Jas.  Murray  Royster,  3d 
Lieut. 

The  non-commissioned  officers  were :  W.  H.  Hamil- 
ton, Wm.  H.  Finch,  Wm.  C.  Parker,  Wm.  H.  Vaughn, 
Albert  D.  Carter,  Jas.  J.  Lewis,  Washington  W. 
Overby,  Rufus  W.  Smith,  Joseph  Woodroe. 

None  of  the  privates  of  this  company,  except  Wash- 
ington Overby,  Sidney  Taylor  and  Joseph  Woodroe, 
were  residents  of  Raleigh,  and  hence  their  names  are 
omitted. 

FOURTEENTH  REGIMENT — COMPANY  K. 

This  company  was  organized  in  1861,  with  Wm.  H. 
Harrison  as  captain.  Captain  Harrison  resigned  in 
1862,  and  Joseph  Jones  was  promoted  to  this  rank. 
The  other  commissioned  officers  were:  Lieutenants 
Sion  H.  Rogers,  Pinckney  C.  Hardie,  Quentin  Busbee, 
Seaton  Gales,  John  S.  Bryan,  Chas.  W.  Beavers. 

The  non-commissioned  officers  were:  Jas.  D.  Hol- 
lister,  R.  C.  Badger,  E.  M.  Roberts,  Jas.  A.  Puttick, 
Peter  Suggs,  Rufus  H.  Ruth,  Austin  Moss,  Chas. 
Kruger,  Henry  Hahn,  Henry  Freibes. 

The  privates  were,  J.  Quint.  Bryan,  Peter  Blum, 
Wm.  Champion,  Wm.  Chamblee,  John  L.  Cooper, 
John  Driver,  Bryant  Dinkins,  R.  N.  Fennell,  Wm.  L 
Gooch,  Geo.  W.  High,  M.  Harrison,  Wm.  J.  Hall, 
George  Hood,  Thos.  G.  Jenkins,  Eldridge  Johnson, 
L.  N.  Keith,  F.  Kuester,  H.  H.  Martindale,  W.  T. 


HISTORICAL  KALEIGH. 


175 


Moss,  Geo.  D.  Miller,  W.  L.  Nowell,  R.  G.  Nowell, 
Wm.  H.  Putney,  J.  B.  Perkinson,  Henry  Pennington, 
David  W.  Royster,  J.  R.  Renn,  S.  A.  Smith,  I.  D, 
Smith,  Marion  Smith,  S.  W.  Smith,  Geo.  T.  Stronach, 
Jno.   W.   Svme,   Sim    Smith,  Wilev  Sauls,   Jno.   D. 


J.   C.   S.    T.rMSDEX. 

Died  1901 ;  aged  seventy  years. 

Thompson.  E.  M.  Wagstaff,  Sam'l  C.  White,  W.  W. 
Wynne. 

The  foregoing  lists  of  members  of  the  Tenth  and 
Fourteenth  Regiments  refer  to  the  men  as  they  en- 
listed, or  to  officers  as  they  were  commissioned  or  ap- 
pointed, when  entering  the  army.  This  fact  must  be 
considered  if  it  should  be  discovered  that  at  a  later 


176  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

loeriocl  any  priAate  or  officer  bore  a  rank  or  filled  a 
position  differing  from  that  herein  set  out. 

FORTY-SEVENTH    REGIMENT — COMPANY    C. 

This  company  was  organized  in  Kaleigh  in  Febru- 
ary, 1862,  with  Eyerard  Hall,  captain;  Campbell  T. 
Iredell,  1st  Lieutenant;  Dayid  W.  Whitaker  and  Geo. 
M.  Whiting,  2d  Lieutenants.  Other  members  of  this 
organization  Ayere :  Nat.  L.  Brown,  J.  C.  Syme,  Wm. 
J.  Hall,  L.  M.  Green,  George  B.  Moore,  AY.  P.  Brao^or, 
Jonas  Medlin,  Lieut.  Jas.  M.  Royster,  Joseph  Wood- 
ard,  E.  A.  Williams. 

Other  officers  and  men  of  this  regiment,  but  mem- 
bers of  other  companies,  Avere:  Col.  Sion  H.  Rogers, 
Chaplain  W.  S.  Lacy,  Capt.  Geo.  M.  Whiting,  Liieut. 
Jno.  T.  Womble,  Lieut.  Chas.  C.  Loyejoy,  Lieut.  C. 
Hutchings,  Jas.  F.  AndrcAys,  A.  D.  Eoyster,  Jno.  S. 
Primrose,  Mart.  Thompson.  Drum  Major  W.  D.  Smith, 
W.  C.  Stronach,  Richard  Putney,  Nicholas  Gill,  Geo. 
S.  Hines. 

The  folloAAing,  residents  of  Raleigh,  AA'ere  members 
of  A'arious  commands:  Lieut.  F.  H,  Busbee,  71st 
Reg. ;  Sherwood  Badger ;  George  Badger ;  Wm.  Car- 
ter, 31st  Reg. ;  Dr.  P.  E.  Hines,  Surgeon  1st  N.  C. 
Bethel  Reg.-^F.  J.  HayAyood,  Adj't.  5th  X.  C.  Reg.; 
C.  M.  Busbee,  Sergt.-Major  5tli  X.  C.  Reg. ;  Lieut. 
Jos.  Haywood,  Mallett's  Bat.;  Lieut.  Ethelred 
Jones,  12th  Va.  Regt. ;  J.  C.  :\Lircom.  Sgt.  Cummings 
Bat. ;  L.  D.  Womble,  Cumming's  Bat. ;  Major  H.  M. 
Miller,  Cox's  Brigade ;  W.  B.  Royster,  56th  Reg. ;  A.  B. 
Stronach,  Starr's  Bat. ;  Rey.  B.  Smedes,  Chaplain  5th 
Reg. ;  Lieut.  EdAyard  Smedes,  5th  Reg. ;  lyes  Smedes, 
Tucker's  CaA'alry;  Lieut.  A.  K.  Smedes;  Major  W.  J. 
Saunders ;  Courier  G.  L.  Tonnoffski,  17th  Reg. ;  C.  D. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  1T7 

Upchurch ;  Lieut.  Wm.  Haywood ;  Lieut.  Duncan  Hay- 
wood, Tth  Reg. ;  Geo.  Lovejoy,  Lieut.-Col.  14tli  Reg. ; 
G.  N.  Richardson,  52d  Reg.;  A.  J.  McAlpin,  Thos. 
Chrisman,  Major  Jas.  Iredell,  Henry  J.  Brown ;  Sin- 
gleton Lacy,  Va.  Reg. ;  Lieut.  Jno.  Bragg;  Capt.  A.  W. 
Lawrence;  Surgeon-General  Clias.  E.  Johnson,  Sur- 
geon-General E.Burke  Haywood,  Col.  Dan'l  G.  Fowle, 
Lieut.  Jno.  B.  Neathery,  Major  Jno.  C.  Winder,  Major 
A.  M.  Lewis;  Jas.  B.  Jordan,  Adjt.  26th  Reg.;  Major 
Jno.  Devereux,  Capt.  M.  A.  Bledsoe;  Major  Thos.  D. 
Hogg ;  Lieut.  Thad.  McGee ;  Lieut.  Chas.  H.  Thompson ; 
Capt.  Delamar  Husted;  Capt.  J.  R.  Smith,  TOth  Reg. ; 
W.  H.  Bledsoe,  Manly's  Bat.;  Hugh  Campbell,  70th 
Reg.;  Lieut.  Jno.  S.'  Pescud,  Reese's  Bat.;  J.  M. 
Towles,  TOth  Reg. ;  C.  S.  Weddon,  TOth  Reg. ;  Lieut 
Thos.  G.  Jenkins,  44th  Reg. ;  Lieut.  M.  B.  Barbee,  6th 
Reg. ;  Capt.  R.  S.  Tucker,  3d  Cav. ;  Lieut.  Cadwalader 
Iredell,  3d  Cav. ;  P.  H.  Young,  3d  Cav. ;  Capt.  Drury 
Lacy,  43d  Reg. ;  Lieut.-Col.  Ed.  Graham  Haywood,  Tth 
Reg. ;  Lieut.  Thos.  Badger,  43d  Reg. ;  Lieut.  Jas.  Mc- 
Kee,  Tth  Reg. ;  T.  P.  Devereux,  43d  Reg. 


EVENTS    AT    HOME. 

There  was  now  settled  conviction  in  the  minds  of  all 
that  war  was  inevitable,  and  that  although  the  conflict 
might  be  brief,  yet  hardship  and  deprivation  in  all 
probability  w^oufd  have  to  be  endured,  not  only  by  tho 
soldiers  in  the  field  but  by  their  loved  ones  at  home. 
Means  w^ere  early  sought  to  diminish,  as  much  as 
possible,  this  condition,  especially  in  so  far  as  the  fam- 
ilies of  the  soldiers  were  concerned.  The  first  action 
taken  in  this  direction  was'  the  holding  of  a  mass 


178  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

meeting,  at  which  resolutions  were  adopted  'instruct- 
ing the  mayor  and  commissioners  to  appropriate  an 
amount  sufficient  to  furnish  at  least  the  necessaries 
of  life  to  the  needy  families  of  those  who  may  enter 
the  volunteer  service  from  the  city,  during  their  ab- 
sence.'^  Hon.  John  H.  Bryan,  Major  Moses  A.  Bled- 
soe and  Rev.  T.  E.  Skinner  composed  the  committee  to 
draft  the  resolutions.  It  is  not  learned  what  amounts 
were  afterwards  realized  for  this  purpose,  but,  of 
course,  donations  were  liberal. 

The  battle  of  Bethel,  the  first  engagement  of  the 
war,  was  fought  within  a  month  after  the  State  had 
seceded  from  the  Union.  In  Raleigh  there  was  great 
rejoicing  over  the  news  of  our  victory,  announcing 
"the  defeat  of  4,500  of  Lincoln's  hirelings  by  1,160 
North  Carolinians  and  Virginians/'  as  a  current  news- 
paper stated  it.  This  was  the  battle  in  which  fell  the 
first  martyr  to  the  "Lost  Cause'' — Henry  Wyatt,  who, 
although  not  a  Raleigh  boy,  was  a  valiant  soldier. 

The  two  parties  at  this  time — the  Democratic  and 
the  Whig — were  known,  the  former  as  the  Disunion 
or  Secession  party,  the  latter  as  the  Conservatives. 
These,  though  nominally  favoring  secession,  were  in 
reality  Unionists.  In  other  words,  the  Whigs  reluc- 
tantly favored  the  war,  while  the  Democrats  were  anx- 
ious for  the  conflict.  The  two  leading  papers — the 
Register  and  the  Standard — represented  these  par- 
ties— the  former  the  Whigs  and  the  latter  the  Demo- 
crats. On  one  occasion,  in  1861,  Mr.  Jno.  W.  Syme, 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  Register,  having  taken  offense 
at  an  editorial  in  the  Standard,  challenged  its  editor. 
Mr.  Holden,  for  a  duel.  This  was  in  May,  1861,  be- 
fore the  State  had  formally  withdrawn  its  allegiance 
to  the  Union.  Mr.  Syme,  in  the  note  or  letter  consti- 
tuting the   challenge,  said  he  had  found  language 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  179 

used  which  was  highly  offensive  to  him.  He  added : 
"As  soon  as  I  can  procure  the  services  of  a  friend  you 
shall  hear  further  from  me  on  the  subject."  J.  W. 
Cameron  was  the  bearer  of  the  challenge. 

Mr.  Holden,  in  refusing  to  accept  the  challenge, 
replied :  "I  do  not  approve  of  or  practice  the  code  of 
the  duelist.  The  code  of  honor  is  barbarous  and  un- 
christian. If  I  wrong  a  man  I  will  right  him  and  do 
him  justice.  I  do  not  fear  you,  nor  any  one  else;  nor 
do  I,  when  I  know  I  am  right,  fear  the  public  opinion 
which  sustains  the  code  of  the  duelist."  This  was  the 
last  of  the  matter  and  no  more  was  heard  of  it. 

At  this  period  there  were  a  great  many  Unionists 
(as  they  were  called)  in  Raleigh,  and  much  feeling 
existed  between  these  and  the  secession  papers,  espec- 
ially the  ^tate  Journal^  which  was  extremely  violent 
in  its  denunciation  of  Union  men.  At  one  time  some 
of  these  latter  had  threatened  the  editor.  This  reached 
his  ears,  and  the  following  are  his  observations  in  the 
next  issue  of  his  paper :  "A  reign  of  terror  on  a  small 
scale  exists  in  Raleigh.  The  people  will  one  day  open 
their  eyes  to  its  originators.  We  have  been  notified 
that  a  body  of  one  hundred  men  were  ready  to  ^ride  us 
on  a  rail.'  They  may  do  so,  but  it  will  be  when  life  is 
extinct  and  w^hen  we  have  taken  some  of  them  with  us 
to  the  judgment  seat.     We  defy  the  whole  pack." 

The  news  of  the  Battle  of  Manassas,  which  was 
fought  on  July  21, 1861,  created  great  joy.  One  news- 
paper headed  the  article  announcing  the  battle  thus : 
"Another  great  victory !  The  plains  of  Manassas  ren- 
dered immortal  I  The  great  Army  of  the  Potomac 
routed  I  Victory  crowns  our  arms!  The  Hessians 
flee!  The  Confederates  pursue!  One  hundred  and 
sixty  thousand  men  on  the  field !  Great  slaughter  on 
both  sides!"     After  describing  the  battle,  the  paper 


180  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

thus  expresses  its  enthusiasm :  ''This  blow  Avill  shake 
the  Northern  Union  in  every  bone — the  echo  will 
reverberate  round  the  globe.  It  secures  tlie  indepen- 
dence of  the  Southern  Confederacy. '- 

Dr.  Chas.  E.  Johnson,  of  Raleigh,  who  was  then  Sur- 
geon-General of  the  State,  with  several  of  his  staff, 
was  at  once  dispatched  to  the  hospitals  near  Manas- 
sas, to  render  proper  assistance  to  the  wounded.  Some 
visible  signs  of  victory  soon  appeared,  for  in  the  early 
fall  of  that  year  more  than  two  hundred  Yankee  pris- 
oners passed  through  Raleigh — "on  their  way  to  Avin- 
ter  quarters  in  Columbia,"  as  one  paper  stated. 

The  first  Regimental  Hospital  was  organized  in 
May,  1861,  by  Dr.  P.  E.  Hines,  who  accompanied  the 
1st  Regiment  to  Yorktown  as  its  surgeon. 

The  first  military  hospital  for  North  Carolina 
troops  was  established  in  Raleigh  in  April,  1861,  by 
Dr.  E.  Burke  HayAvood.  The  memory  of  this  good 
man  is  revered  by  many  old  soldiers,  who  Avere  re- 
lieA^ed  of  much  pain  and  saved  from  an  untimely 
death  by  his  great  love,  skill  and  sympathy.  The  hos- 
pital was  subsequently  knoAvn  as  PettigrcAv  Hospital. 
Mr.  W.  H.  Dodd  Avas  for  some  time  hospital  steward. 


SACKING    OF    NEWSPAPER   OFFICES. 

For  more  than  tAvo  years  anterior  to  the  period 
herein  mentioned  there  had  not  been  entire  unanimity 
between  the  Raleigh  neAvspapers  in  regard  to  the  pol- 
icy thought  proper  for  the  Confederacy  to  pursue  in 
regard  to  the  war,  the  State  Journal  favoring  the  '^last 
man  and  last  dollar''  cotirse,  AA'hile  Mr.  Holdeu's  pa- 
per, the  Standard,  insisted  on  f>olicies  of  peace  on  less 
stringent  terms.     This  was  as  well  known  to  soldiers 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  181 

at  the  front  as  to  citizens  at  home,  and  their  disap- 
proval of  such  policy  culminated  in  disaster  to  the 
publication  of  the  paper  for  some  time.  The  soldiers 
who  sought  an  exi)ression  of  their  displeasure  were 
members  of  Col.  Wright's  regiment,  Benning's  (Geor- 
gia) Brigade,  and  the  opportunity  was  furnished 
them  while  being  delayed  in  Raleigh  a  few  hours  on 
their  wav  from  Northern  Virginia  to  Chicamauga  in 
1863. 

On  their  arrival  here,  one  night  in  September  of  the 
above  mentioned  year,  they  soon  learned  of  the  situa- 
tion of  the  Standcn-d  office,  Avhen  they  at  once  marched 
in  a  body  to  the  object  of  their  violence,  and  without 
ceremony  proceeded  to  batter  doAvn  the  doors  of  the 
building  from  Avhich  this  paper  had  been  published. 
They  grasped  everything  within  their  reach,  and  then 
the  work  of  destruction  began.  Nothing  upon  whicli 
they  could  lay  their  hands  Avas  spared  from  injury. 
Cases  of  type  were  emptied  on  the  floor,  and  many  of 
them  flung  into  the  street ;  the  ponderous  marble  slabs 
on  which  lay  the  pages  of  set  type,  ready  for  the  next 
issue,  Avere  turned  over,  throwing  the  type  into  a  huge 
heap  on  the  floor,  and  kegs  of  ink  turned  out  or  spilt 
over  everything.  For  some  unknown  cause  the  press 
escaped,  perhaps  because  it  was  in  another  part  of  the 
building. 

During  this  proceeding^  Gov.  Vance  Avas  made  ac- 
quainted with  the  affair,  who  lost  no  time  in  going 
rapidly  to  the  scene  to  aA-ert,  if  possible,  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  office.  He  arrived,  however,  too  late,  for 
the  soldiers  had  accomplished  their  purpose. 

Mr.  Holden  was  not  without  friends  and  supporters, 
so  on  the  day  following  they  proposed  to  be  aA^enged. 
About  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  town  bell  AA^as 
heard  to  ring  vigorously,  as  if  for  an  alarm  of  fire.  Of 


182  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

course  a  great  crowd  gathered,  as  usual,  at  the  market- 
house.  On  the  south  side  of  this,  on  the  site  of  G.  S. 
Tucker  &  Co.'s  store,  was  the  office  of  the  State  Jour- 
nal. Before  the  bell  had  ceased  ringing  it  was  ob- 
served that  a  scene  similar  to  the  one  above  described 
Avas  again  being  enacted  in  this  office — not  by  sol- 
diers this  time,  however,  but  by  ''Union  men,''  (or 
^'red  strings,"  as  they  were  sometimes  called),  and 
supporters  of  the  Standard's  peace  policy.  The  leader 
of  the  crowd  was  Mark  Williams,  a  man  of  great  de- 
termination, who  declared  his  intention  of  lending 
his  aid  toward  meting  out  to  the  Journal  the  same 
fate  as  had  been  suffered  by  the  Standard  the  night 
before.  No  less  than  forty  people,  mostly  young  men, 
joined  in  this  work  of  destruction,  and  but  a  fe^s 
minutes  were  required  to  show  how  intense  had  been 
their  spirit  of  retaliation.  Every  case  of  type  was 
pitched  out  of  the  windows,  and  all  the  other  printing 
material  of  every  description  rendered  absolutely 
worthless.  In  this  instance  the  printing-press  did  not 
escape — it  was  broken  to  pieces  and  so  completely  de- 
molished that  repair  was  beyond  hope. 

During  this  time  the  police  were  powerless,  for,  be- 
sides their  numerical  weakness,  their  inability  to  cope 
with  the  mob  was  augmented  by  their  knowledge  of 
the  violent  character  of  the  men  composing  the  mob. 

The  Journal  did  not  again  make  its  appearance. 
The  next  issue  of  the  Standard  was  delayed  for  more 
than  a  month. 


The  course  of  events  which  now  followed  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  though  of  vast  moment,  many  of 
them,  to  the  people  of  the  State  and  our  Southland, 
yet  as  they  touched  not  the  interests  of  Raleigh  more 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  183 

particularly  than  other  sections,  to  relate  them  here 
would  be  foreign  to  the  scope  and  purpose  of  this  pub- 
lication. Therefore,  after  an  account  of  the  closing 
scenes  of  the  great  drama,  as  witnessed  here,  and 
which  consisted  of  the  surrender  of  the  city  to  the 
Union  forces,  under  General  W.  T.  Sherman,  on  the 
13th  of  April,  1865;  a  brief  reference  to  the  Confed- 
erate Veterans ;  and  the  visit  of  President  Johnson  to 
his  native  city  in  1807,  our  story  of  Raleigh  of  the 
olden  times  will  close. 


SURRENDER  Of  RALEIGH  TO  FEDERAL  FORCES. 

It  was  not  until  the  arrival  of  Sherman's  army  iu 
Goldsboro,  iu  April,  1865,  and  his  long  halt  at  that 
place,  for  the  purpose  of  refitting  and  recruiting  his 
exhausted  troops,  that  the  people  of  Raleigh  enter- 
tained any  serious  apprehensions  of  being  visited  by 
the  enemy. 

JOHNSON'S   RETREAT. 

The  surrender  of  General  Lee,  which  took  place  on 
the  9th  of  April,  1865,  rendered  it  absolutely  necessary 
that  General  Johnson  should  retreat  as  rapidly  as  pos- 
sible to  Western  North  Carolina.  The  news  of  Lee's 
surrender  reached  Raleigh  on  the  10th,  and  it  was 
then  that  our  people  realized  the  fact  that  in  our  im- 
mediate vicinity  the  closing  acts  of  the  great  drama 
would  take  place,  and  that  in  all  probability  "an  army 
of  occupation"  would  be  quartered  upon  us  to  destroy 
what  little  of  our  substance  remained.  We  were  not 
long  in  suspense.  About  the  10th  of  April  the  ad- 
vance  of    Johnson's    retreating    army    entered    and 


184  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

passed  through  the  city.  It  was  trtily  a  sad  sight ;  the 
band  played  Dixie,  and  the  worn  out  veterans  seemed 
to  arouse  up  every  muscle  to  appear  in  their  best 
plight;  their  careworn  faces,  however,  told  the  sad 
tale,  and  silently  they  wended  their  way  westward. 
They  were  several  days  in  passing  through,  and,  as 
they  came,  the  news  was  communicated  that  the 
"Yankees"  were  near  at  hand. 

PREPARATIONS    FOR    A    FORMAL    SURRENDER. 

In  the  meantime  it  was  considered  best  that  the  city 
authorities  should  take  some  steps  for  the  proper  sur- 
render of  the  city,  which  Johnson's  retreat  Avould  nec- 
essarily leave  at  the  mercy  of  the  enemy.  A  meeting 
of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  then  called  Commissioners, 
was  called,  and  a  committee  appointed,  consisting  of 
several  members  of  that  body  and  some  four  or  five 
other  citizens.  The  duties  of  the  committee  thus  ap- 
pointed were  understood  to  be  somewhat  as  follows : 
They  were  expected  to  meet  the  advance  of  the  Federal 
army  a  short  distance  from  the  city  and  formally  sur- 
render the  same.  The  particular  manner  in  which 
the  programme  was  to  be  carried  out  was  left,  to  a 
great  extent,  to  Mayor  W.  H.  Harrison. 

The  night  of  the  12th  of  April  was  one  of  extreme 
anxiety.  Gen.  Wade  Hampton  with  his  cavalry  force 
occupied  the  city,  nor  did  many  of  them  leave  until 
within  a  few  hours  of  the  enemy's  approach  to  the  cor- 
porate limits.  Col.  Harrison  was  up  the  entire  night 
in  the  discharge  of  his  official  duty.  It  was  known 
that  many  of  Hampton's  Cavalry,  as  was  natural  un- 
der the  circumstances,  were  desperate  and  daring  men. 
and  the  titmost  vigilance  on  the  part  of  the  civil  au- 
tliorities  was  necessary  to  preserve  the  peace. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  185 


DEPARTURE   OF  THE   COMMITTEE. 

The  morning  of  the  13th  of  April  was  a  gloomy  one 
indeed.  A  stead}^  rain  had  set  in  and  the  sky  was 
draped  with  black  and  ominous  looking  clouds. 
About  sunrise  the  committee  procured  a  carriage  and 
proceeded  out  on  the  Holleman  road  to  a  point  where 
it  was  crossed  by  the  fortifications.  The  carriage 
contained,  among  others,  Kenneth  Rayner,  P.  F.  Pes- 
cud,  Mayor  Harrison,  Dr.  E.  B.  Haywood,  Alexander 
Creech  and  W.  E.  Richardson,  the  latter  riding  on  the 
seat  with  the  driver  and  carrying  a  staff  to  which  was 
attached  a  white  handkerchief  to  be  used  as  a  flag  of 
truce.  Arriving  at  their  destination  they  awaited, 
amidst  a  drenching  rain,  the  coming  of  the  enemy. 


About  8  o'clock,  from  the  summit  of  the  hill  beyond 
Walnut  Creek,  near  the  residence  of  the  late  W.  H. 
Holleman,  was  seen  a  body  of  horsemen  approaching 
Suddenly  they  were  observ^ed  to  halt  and  one  of  the 
foremost  leveled  a  field  spy-glass  towards  the  place 
occupied  by  the  committee.  Then  it  was  that  Mr. 
Richardson,  who  had  been  assigned  the  duty  of  waving 
the  flag  of  truce,  stuck  the  emblem  of  peace  on  the 
top  of  the  fortification.  A  few  minutes  afterward  a 
detachment  rode  up  to  the  committee,  the  officer  in 
charge  enquiring,  '^What  does  this  mean?''  Mr.  Rav- 
ner  replied  that  they  were  a  joint  delegation  of  city 
officials  and  citizens,  who,  in  the  absence  of  any  mili- 
tary organizations,  desired  to  surrender  the  city  and 
ask  protection  for  its  non-combatants  and  public  and 
private  property.  The  officer  replied  that  Gen.  Kil- 
patrick  alone  had  authority  to  arrange  terms  of  sur 
render. 
13 


186  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

AN  INTERVIEW  WITH  KILPATRICK. 

The  officer  with  his  escort  then  returned  to  the  main 
body  of  troops,  and  in  a  short  while  Gen.  Judson  Kil- 
patrick,  the  notorious  Federal  cavalry  commander, 
made  his  appearance  before  them.  Mr.  Rayner  stepped 
forward  and  said:  "This  is  Gen.  Kilpatrick,  I  pre- 
sume.'' "That  is  my  name,"  replied  Kilpatrick, 
"whom  do  I  address?"  "My  name,  sir,  is  Rayner — 
Kenneth  Rayner,"  replied  our  spokesman,  "and  1 
have  been  selected  to  formally  surrender  the  city  of 
Raleigh  to  Gen.  Sherman's  army."  Mr.  Rayner  made 
an  earnest  and  tender  appeal  for  the  protection  of  the 
city  and  her  people,  at  which  the  committee  found  it 
difficult  to  repress  their  feelings,  and  tears  moistened 
the  eyes  of  all.  Kilpatrick  received  the  words  of  the 
speaker  with  cold  indifference.  He  said  he  would  pro- 
tect the  lives  and  property  of  all  who  yielded  "obe- 
dience to  law  and  order,  but  should  pursue  with  re- 
lentless fury  all  traitors  in  armed  opposition  to  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  Union." 

The  committee  then  returned  to  the  city. 

AT  THE  enemy's  MERCY — AN  INCIDENT. 

In  a  short  while  after  the  committee  had  returned, 
Kilpatrick's  cavalry  began  to  enter  the  city.  Passing 
rapidly  up  Fayetteville  street  towards  the  capitol, 
suddenly  they  came  to  a  check,  and  at  the  same  in- 
stant was  heard  a  loud  exclamation,  "Hurrah  for  the 
Southern  Confederacy !"  accompanied  by  the  report  of 
a  pistol  in  the  hands  of  a  Confederate  officer,  mounted 
and  occupying  the  middle  of  the  street  between  what 
is  now  Hicks's  Pharmacy  and  the  Christian  Advocate 
office.    He  had  fired  at  Kilpatrick  advance.    Attempt- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  187 

ing  to  escape,  he  was  captured  and  carried  before  Kil- 
patrick  in  the  Capitol  Square. 

Said  the  orderly  having  the  prisoner  in  charge  to 
Kilpatrick,  "General,  here  is  the  man  who  fired  at  our 
advance." 

"To  whose  command  do  you  belong?''  asked  Kil- 
patrick. 

"I  belong  to  Hamilton's  Cavalry,  and  am  from 
Texas,"  replied  the  man. 

"Don't  you  know,  sir,  what  the  penalty  is  for  re- 
sisting after  terms  of  surrender  have  been  agreed 
upon?"  said  Kilpatrick. 

"I  knew  nothing  about  the  surrender,  and  I  didn't 
shoot  at  anybody." 

"I  understood,"  said  Kilpatrick,  "that  you  are  one 
of  these  fellows  who  have  been  breaking  open  stores, 
and  committing  robbery  during  last  night  and  early 
this  morning,  and  your  action  to-day  has  endangered 
the  lives  of  many  of  the  citizens  of  this  town;  you 
deserve  death,  sir.  Orderly,"  he  continued,  "take  this 
man  out  where  no  ladies  can  see  him,  and  hang  him." 

Efforts  were  made  by  some  of  our  prominent  citi- 
zens to  save  the  man  who  was  about  to  yield  up  his 
life  for  an  act  of  folly,  but  to  no  purpose-he  was 
taken  to  the  southeast  corner  of  what  was  then  known 
as  the  Eayner  Grove,  beyond  the  Governor's  Mansion, 
and  hung  to  a  tree,  under  which  he  was  buried.  His 
remains  were  afterwards  taken  up  and  deposited  near 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  Confederate  Cemetery. 

A  similar  incident,  ending  more  fortunately,  soon 
afterwards  took  place. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  surrender,  Lieutenant 
James,  of  the  Confederate  service,  who  had  been  at- 
tached to  the  Provost  Marshal's  office  here,  while  re- 
turning on  horseback  from  a  visit  to  lady  friends  in 


188 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


the  northeastern  part  of  the  city,  was  met  bv  some  of 
Kilpatrick's  Cavalry  who,  observing  that  he  wore  th«i 
uniform  of  a  Confederate  officer,  summoned  him  to 
surrender.  This  he  refused  to  do,  but  endeavored  to 
defend  himself  by  reaching  for  Jiis  pistol.  He  was, 
however,  overpowered  and  taken  prisoner.  This  was 
soon  after  Kilpatrick  had  so  summarily  disposed  of 


HOX,   N.   B.    BROUGHTON. 

Senator  from  Wake. 


the  unfortunate  Texan.  Being  also  carried  before 
Kilpatrick,  the  latter,  looking  the  young  officer  sternly 
in  the  face,  said : 

^^Who  are  you,  sir?'^ 

^*My  name,  sir,  is  James — Lieutenant  James,  of  tlie 
Confederate  service,'-  was  the  reply. 

^'Why  are  you  not  v.  itli  your  command?  What  are 
you  doing  straggling  about?  Are  you  a  spy?''  in- 
quired Kilpatrick. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  189 

"I  am  no  straggler  or  spy  either — I  am  attached  to 
the  Provost  ^rarshal's  office^  in  this  city,"  answered 
James. 

"Ah,  indeed,"  said  Kilpatrick,  "so  much  the  worse 
for  you,  sir;  you  must  have  known  of  the  surrender 
of  the  city,  and  yet,  as  1  am  informed,  you  showed 
fight  w^hen  my  men  attempted  to  arrest  you.'' 

"I  did  not  know  of  the  surrender,"  said  James;  "I 
had  been  visiting,  and  supposed  from  the  action  of 
your  men  that  a  skirmish  was  going  on  between  your 
advance  and  some  of  General  Hamilton's  rear.  Such 
being  my  impression,  I  attempted  to  defend  myself — 
I  would  do  so  again,  sir.'' 

"I  have  just  hung  a  man  for  an  ofPense  similar  to 
yours,  sir,''  said  Kilpatrick. 

"Very  well,  sir,''  said  James,  "you  have  me  in  your 
power — you  can  hang  me  if  you  like." 

As  this  w^as  said,  a  thrill  of  terror  ran  through  the 
bystanders,  for  there  were  numbers  of  our  citizens  on 
the  spot,  who  surely  thought  that  the  reply  would 
be  an  order  for  another  execution.  Kilpatrick  paused 
a  moment,  and  looking  the  young  officer  full  in  the 
face — the  latter  returning  the  gaze  in  a  bold  and  de- 
fiant manner — answered : 

"No,  I'll  not  hang  you.  Orderly,''  he  continued, 
addressing  the  man  in  charge  of  the  squad,  "take 
charge  of  this  young  man  until  further  orders." 

James  was  taken  from  the  guards  and  placed  in 
prison.     He  was  released  on  parole  in  a  few  days. 


190  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

THE  ASSASSINATION   Of   PRESIDENT   LINCOLN. 

News  of  the  assassination  of  the  President  was  re- 
ceived here  on  the  15th  of  April,  1865, — the  day  fol- 
lowing the  tragedy.  The  news  spread  rapidly  among 
the  soldiers  of  the  army  as  well  as  among  the  citizens 
of  the  town.  As  the  story  spread  from  mouth  to  mouth 
the  dimensions  of  the  affair  hugely  increased,  and  the 
perpetrators  of  the  deed  were  declared  to  be  promi- 
nent officers  of  the  Confederate  Government,  acting 
directly  under  instructions  from  President  Davis  and 
his  Cabinet.  Of  course  there  were  not  wanting  those 
who  sought  by  the  most  absurd  recitals  to  add  fuel  to 
the  flames  of  excitement,  in  the  hopes  of  exciting  the 
mob  element  of  the  Federal  army  to  wreak  vengeance 
upon  the  inhabitants  of  the  city,  and  thereby  afford  an 
excuse  for  plunder  and  other  outrageous  deeds  of  vio- 
lence. In  the  meantime  a  few  of  the  citizens  endeav- 
ored to  obtain  authentic  information  concerning  the 
assassination  from  General  Sherman,  but  without 
avail. 

A  NIGHT  OF  TERROR. 

On  the  15th,  night  fell  upon  our  people  in  a  state  of 
the  wildest  excitement  and  alarm.  All  kinds  of  ru- 
mors were  afloat  as  to  the  intention  of  the  army. 
Crowds  of  soldiers  were  to  be  seen  standing  at  the  cor- 
ners of  the  different  streets,  loud  in  their  expressions 
of  indignation,  and  open  in  their  declarations  to  have 
vengeance  for  what  they  termed  the  "rebel  murder." 
It  was  a  terrible  time.  Many  of  the  citizens  petitioned 
for  extra  guards.  Hundreds  of  people  sat  up  during 
the  entire  night,  expecting  every  moment  mob  vio- 
lence. About  9  o'clock  additional  alarm  was  created 
by  the  alarm  of  "fire  I"     Many  thought  that  the  work 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  191 

of  destruction  had  commenced.  Hundreds  of  citizens 
repaired  to  the  scene  of  the  flames,  but  the  cause  of 
excitement  was  happily  discovered  to  be  the  acciden- 
tal burning  of  a  deserted  workshop  in  the  remote 
southeastern  section  of  the  city.  The  remaining  por- 
tion of  the  night  passed  off  in  a  comparatively  quiet 
manner. 

It  is  authoritatively  stated  that  but  for  the  prompt 
action  of  Major-General  Logan  a  mob  would  have 
sacked  the  city  on  the  night  above  alluded  to.  He  had 
arrived  in  the  city  during  the  day  from  Morrisville, 
and  was,  in  the  early  part  of  the  night,  at  the  house  of 
a  well-known  citizen,  when  he  was  called  out  by  a  pri- 
vate soldier,  who  told  him  that  a  part  of  his  com- 
mand, encamped  near  the  Insane  Asylum,  were  on 
their  way  to  the  city  for  the  purpose  of  burning  it.  He 
immediately  mounted  his  horse  and  met.  the  mob  at 
the  bridge  over  Rocky  Branch,  where  with  mingled 
threats  and  entreaties  he  dissuaded  them  from  their 
vile  purpose. 

SHERMAN  SUSPENDS  A  NEWSPAPER. 

At  the  time  of  the  surrender  of  the  city,  among  other 
papers  published  here  was  the  Daily  Progress.  After 
Sherman's  occupation  this  journal  was  permitted  to 
continue  issuing  its  regular  editions.  The  late  Ool. 
W.  R.  Richardson,  of  Raleigh  ( father  of  our  esteemed 
townsman,  Mr.  Walter  Richardson),  was  one  of  the 
proprietors.  A  few  days  after  Lincoln's  assassination 
the  paper  was  seen  to  contain  an  article  reflecting 
upon  Sherman  for  allowing  private  property  to  be 
taken  for  army  purposes  without  compensation.  The 
property  alluded  to  was  the  residence  of  the  late  Dr. 
F.  J.  Haywood,  at  the  head  of  Fayetteville  street. 


192  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Early  in  the  forenoon  of  the  same  day  Col.  Richardson 
received  the  following  note  from  Gen.  Sherman,  run- 
ning somewhat  as  follows : 

''To  the  Proprietors  of  the  Progress: 

^^You  are  hereby  ordered  to  suspend  your  paper  and 
report  at  once  to  headquarters. 

(Signed)         '^W.  T.  Sherman.^' 

Col.  Richardson  prepared  as  soon  as  possible  to  obey 
the  summons,  while,  in  the  language  of  that  gentle 
man  himself,  "the  ghost  of  the  unfortunate  Texan 
flitted  before  him,  and  the  case-mated  walls  of  For- 
tress Monroe  angrily  frowned  in  prospect.''  Appear- 
ing before  Sherman,  the  latter  said,  ^'So  you  are  an 
editor?''  and  continued:  ''There  is  one  thing  I  wane 
you  newspaper  men  to  understand,  and  that  is,  you 
are  not  conducting  a  newspaper  in  Massachusetts  or 
New  York,  but  in  a  conquered  territory;  and  I'll  have 
you  to  understand  that  if  you  can't  carry  on  your  pa- 
pers without  reflecting  on  my  army,  I  am  determined 
that  they  shall  be  suspended." 

An  explanation  was  made  by  Col.  Richardson  which 
A\'as  deemed  sufficient  to  excuse  him  from  what  Sher- 
man thought  had  been  almost  treasonable,  and  the 
Progress  afterwards  made  its  appearance  as  usual. 

About  the  25th  of  April  Gen.  Sherman  left  the  army 
in  command  of  Schofield,  and  proceeded  to  Savannah, 
for  the  purpose  of  directing  matters  in  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia.  Upon  his  return  to  Raleigh  arrange- 
ments were  made  for  the  disposition  of  the  forces  un- 
der his  command.  The  Tenth  and  Twenty-third  Corps, 
together  with  Kilpatrick's  Cavalry  Division,  were  or- 
dered to  remain  in  North  Carolina  until  further  or- 
ders.    Most  of  the  remaining  portion  of  the  army  was 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGM.  193 

ordered  to  march  to  Washington,  where  a  grand  re- 
view took  place  on  the  24th  of  May.  On  the  30th  of 
the  same  month  Sherman  issued  his  farewell  orders  to 
his  troops. 


RETURN   OF   THE   CONFEDERATE   VETERANS. 
L.  O'B.  BRANCH  CAMP  515  U.  C.  V. 

Officers  : 

A.  B.  Stroxach,  Commander. 

J.  S.  Allen,  1st  Lieut.  Commander. 

W.  H.  Hughes,  2d  Lieut.  Commander. 

J.  C.  BiRDSONG,  Adjutant. 

R.  H.  Bradley,  R.  H.  Brooks,  Color  Bearers. 

W.  D.  Smith,  Drum  Major. 

Of  the  large  number  of  officers  and  men  in  Raleigh 
who  went  forth  to  battle  for  victory,  all  now  remain- 
ing, who  reside  still  in  their  boyhood  home,  to  tell  the 
story  of  their  struggles,  their  deprivations,  their 
hopes,  their  triumphs,  and  alas  I  their  defeat,  are  the 
following.  Most  of  these  are  members  of  the  above 
organization : 

Jas.  D.  Newsom,  N.  W.  West,  Telfair  Hall,  J.  Pugh 
Haywood,  Jos.  A.  Haywood,  Chas.  McKimmon,  J.  J. 
Lewis,  Chas.  W.  Beavers,  Wm.  L.  Gooch,  Wm.  J.  Hall, 
W.  Loftin  Nowell,  David  W.  Royster,  Sim.  Smith, 
Jno.  D.  Thompson,  W.  W.  Wynne,  J.  C.  Syme,  Alfred 
Lewds,  L.  M.  Greene,  C.  Hutchings,  [Nlart  Thompson, 
W.  D.  Smith,  Richard  Putney,  Dr.  F.  J.  Haywood, 
C.  M.  Busbee,  F.  H.  Busbee,  C.  R.  Harris,  J.  C.  Mar- 
com,  L.  D.  Womble,  W.  B.  Royster,  A.  B.  Stronach, 
W.  J.  Saunders,  Geo.  L.  Tonnoffski,  M.  A.  Bledsoe, 


194  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

Dr.  T.  D.  Hogg,  Dr.  Jas.  McKee,  T.  P.  Devereux,  Jno. 
S.  Pescud,  M.  B.  Barbee,  D.  H.  Young,  Thos.  Badger. 

"  Furl  that  banner  I     True  'tis  gory, 
Yet  'tis  wreathed  around  with  glory, 
And  'twill  live  in  song  and  story. 

Though  its  folds  are  in  the  dust. 
For  its  fame  on  brightest  pages, 
Penned  by  poets  and  by  sages. 
Shall  go  sounding  down  the  ages- 
Furl  its  folds  though  now  we  must." 

—Rev,  Father  Ryan. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  195 


MUNICIPAL  AFFAIRS  AFTER  THE  WAR. 

As  showing  the  condition  of  things  in  city  affairs 
shortly  after  the  termination  of  the  war,  the  following, 
it  is  thought,  may  prove  not  uninteresting : 

W.  W.  Holden  having  been  made  Provisional  Gov- 
ernor on  the  29th  of  May,  1865,  by  President  Johnson, 
the  former,  on  June  30,  appointed  W.  H.  Harrison, 
Mayor;  W.  R.  Richardson,  Treasurer;  J.  J.  Christo- 
phers, Clerk ;  J.  J.  Betts,  Chief  Constable.  The  Com- 
missioners were :  Alexander  Creech,  C.  M.  Farris  and 
Parker  Overby,  representing  the  Western  Ward;  W. 
R.  Richardson,  H.  Mahler  and  A.  L.  Lougee,  the  Mid- 
dle Ward;  N.  S.  Harp,  J.  J.  Overby  and  Hackney 
Pool,  the  Eastern  Ward. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Commissioners  on  July 
18th  of  same  year,  as  evidencing  the  loyalty  of  the 
citizens  of  Raleigh  to  the  United  States  Government, 
a  resolution  was  adopted,  as  follows:  ''Resolved^ 
That  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  city 
of  Raleigh,  derived  as  well  from  their  personal  inter- 
course as  from  well  accredited  reports,  that  the  citi- 
zens have  willingly  accepted  the  terms  of  peace  and 
restoration  to  the  Union,  tendered  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  are  now  loyal  and  obedient 
to  the  Federal  Government.'' 

It  was  not  until  October,  however,  that  it  was 
learned  that  we  were  free  from  military  rule,  for  on 
the  10th  of  that  month  it  was  ordered  by  the  Commis- 
sioners, "that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  wait  on  the 
Governor  and  Provost  Marshal  and  ascertain  if  the 
city  is  turned  over  to  the  civil  authorities."  At  the 
same  meeting  "W.  H.  &  R.  S.  Tucker  were  appointed 
auctioneers  for  the  city,"  as  was  also  B.  P.  Williamson 
&Co. 


196  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

The  committee  above  mentioned,  after  obeying  the 
instructions  of  the  Board,  at  a  subsequent  meeting 
reported  that  they  had  ''waited  on  the  Governor,  who 
so  understands  that  the  city  is  turned  over,"  etc. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Commissioners  on  October  25, 
it  was  "Ordered :  That  a  captain  of  the  police  of  the 
city  be  appointed,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  station 
himself  at  or  near  the  guardhouse  during  the  night 
(unless  otherwise  called  off  by  duty),  whose  duty  it 
shall  be,  in  case  of  riot  or  other  disorder,  to  cause  the 
town  bell  to  be  rung,  calling  the  entire  police  force  to 
repair  to  the  scene  of  disorder  and  quell  the  disturb- 
ance, and  afterwards  to  repair  to  their  respective 
beats.'' 

On  October  28,  it  was  ordained  by  the  Board  "that 
no  free  person  of  color  shall  serve  in  any  storehouse 
or  shop  within  the  corporation  where  ardent  spirits 
are  sold,  as  tapster  or  bar-keeper,  or  in  any  way  assist 
in  the  vending  of  such  ardent  spirits  in  such  store- 
house or  shop,  under  a  penalty  of  ten  dollars.''  Three 
days  thereafter  the  ordinance  was  repealed. 

Before  1867  the  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners seemed  to  have  been  secret,  as  it  is  found  by 
the  minutes  of  the  meeting  held  in  January  of  that 
year  that  "it  was  moved  and  agreed  that  the  doors  of 
the  mayor's  office  be  thrown  open  to  all  citizens  at  the 
time  of  the  meetings  of  the  Board.'' 

As  throwing  some  light  on  the  question  of  domestic 
animals  running  at  large,  it  may  be  interesting  to  the 
average  resident  of  Ealeigh  to  learn  that  at  a  meeting 
of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  about  that  time,  it  was 
"ordered  that  the  chief  of  police  be  allowed  two  per- 
sons two  days  in  each  week  for  the  purpose  of  taking 
up  all  hogs  and  goats  running  at  large,  and  that  they 
be  allowed  the  sum  of  |1.50  per  day  each  for  their  ser- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  19T 

The  city  seems  to  have  been  pushed  for  revenue,  too, 
about  this  time,  for  a  tax  of  fifteen  cents  was  impose^l 
"on  each  beef  and  five  cents  on  eacli  sheep  sold  on 
Market  Square.'' 


A    NOTABLE    EVENT. 

The  visit  of  President  Andrew  Johnson  to  Raleigh, 
the  place  of  his  birth,  on  June  3, 1867,  was  an  occasion 
of  much  interest,  not  merely  because  he  was  a  Presi- 
dent, but  for  the  additional  reason  that  it  was  here 
he  was  born  and  from  the  humblest  station  in  life  had 
risen  to  the  most  distinguished  position  in  the  gift  of 
the  people  of  the  United  States. 

The  President's  visit  was  occasioned  by  the  comple- 
tion of  the  monument  that  had  but  a  short  while  be 
fore  been  erected  to  the  memory  of  his  father,  Jacol> 
Johnson,  who  died  in  1712,  and  in  response  to  an 
invitation  by  the  city  to  be  present  at  the  memorial 
exercises  to  be  observed  on  June  1th,  following. 
The  President  was  accompanied  by  Secretary  of 
State  Seward,  whose  life  had  been  so  seriously  at- 
tacked on  the  night  of  President  Lincoln's  assassina- 
tion in  Washington,  and  Postmaster-General  Randall. 

The  President  and  party  were  met  at  the  depot  by 
a  large  concourse  of  people,  more  than  two-thirds  of 
whom  were  colored — the  other  third  being  made  up  of 
military.  State  and  municipal  authorities,  and  white 
citizens.  Gov.  Worth,  ExGovernors  Graham,  Swain, 
Manly  and  Bragg,  together  with  Judge  E.  G.  Reade, 
B.  F.  ^loore,  Esq.,  and  ^layor  Dallas  Haywoixl,  hon- 
ored the  occasion  with  their  presence. 

Mayor  Haywood  tendered  the  hospitalities  of  the 
city  in  a  brief  address,  when  the  President  responded 


198  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

by  returning  his  gratification  at  the  kindness  of  the 
citizens  of  his  native  town,  who  had  known  him  long- 
est and  best  and  who  thus  honored  him. 

After  the  arrival  of  the  distinguished  guests  at  the 
Yarborough  House,  Gov.  Worth  introduced  the  Presi- 
dent from  the  balcony,  to  the  large  audience  which 
had  gathered.  This  was  feelingly  responded  to  by 
Mr.  Johnson,  who  said,  among  other  things,  that  forty- 
one  years  before,  poor  and  penniless,  he  had  left  his 
native  town  to  make  his  way  in  the  world.  He  had 
ever  loved  his  native  State,  and  though  she  had  not 
been  to  him  a  cherishing  mother,  nevertheless  she  was 
his  mother.  He  would  not  discuss  political  matters, 
said  he,  but  invoked  all  to  stand  by  the  Union  and  the 
Constitution.  Before  closing  his  remarks,  he  ad- 
dressed himself  to  the  young  men  of  the  city  and  bade 
them  labor  to  make  themselves  men  of  learning,  dis- 
tinction and  power. 

On  Tuesday  the  President  gave  a  public  reception 
in  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  after  which,  accom- 
panied by  Secretary  Seward,  Postmaster-General  Ran- 
dall, the  State  and  municipal  authorities,  and  Ex- 
Governor  Swain  (who  was  orator  of  the  day),  he  re- 
paired to  the  City  Cemetery  (comer  of  Morgan  and 
East  streets)  to  witness  the  memorial  exercises  at  the 
erection  of  the  monument  of  his  father,  Jacob  John- 
son. Ex-Governor  Swain  then  delivered  the  address 
in  the  presence  of  a  vast  assembly. 

On  the  next  day  the  President  returned  to  Wash- 
ington. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  199 


RALEIGH'S    CENTENNIAL    CELEBRA- 
TION. 

In  1892,  it  was  thought  eminently  fitting  that  there 
should  be  celebrated  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  founding  of  the  city  of  Raleigh.  To  this  end,  an  ad- 
dress was  printed  and  sent  throughout  the  State  and 
to  a  great  number  of  distinguished  native  North  Caro- 
linians then  residing  in  other  States,  inviting  them 
to  be  present  on  the  18th,  19th  and  20th  of  October, 
to  join  in  the  festivities. 

Besides  a  festival  recalling  colonial  days,  and  a 
magnificent  pyrotechnic  display,  there  was  a  grand 
allegorical  and  trade  procession.  Appropriate  ser 
vices  were  held  in  all  the  churches,  but  the  most  elab- 
orate observance  took  place  at  the  Church  of  the 
Good  Shepherd  (Protestant  Episcopal),  in  commem- 
oration of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  con- 
secration on  American  soil  of  a  Bishop  of  the  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  Church.  This  was  at  the  morning 
service.  At  night  the  service  commemorated  the  Cen- 
tennial of  Raleigh  and  the  quadri-centennial  of  the 
landing  of  Columbus.  Hon.  Chas.  M.  Busbee,  of  Ra- 
leigh, delivered  an  able  address,  as  did  also  Hon.  Geo. 
T.  Winston. 

The  most  attractive  feature  of  the  celebration  was 
the  procession,  in  which  were  a  great  number  of 
"floats''  or  "cars,"  (as  they  were  called),  constructed 
to  represent  different  historical  events,  some  of  which 
were  the  following :  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  before  Queen 
Elizabeth ;  reception  of  Lafayette  in  Raleigh  in  1825, 
by  Governor  Burton.  Included  in  this  scene  was  a 
faithful  representation  of  Lafayette  and  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Haywood  before  Canova's  statue  of  Washington, 


200  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

during  Lafayette's  visit  to  Raleigh  the  above  men- 
tioned year. 

In  the  procession  also  was  a  fac  suiiilc  representa- 
tion of  the  ^^Tornado/'  the  first  locomotive  that  came 
to  Raleigh,  for  the  Raleigh  and  Gaston  Railroad,  with 
a  freight  car  attached,  the  original  coming  here  in 
1840.  One  of  its  first  engineers,  Mr.  Albert  Johnson, 
(now  deceased) — Avas  on  the  "fioat,"  and  held  the 
throttle  as  he  had  of  the  original  engine  fifty  years 
before.  Another  ^ 'float''  was  in  commemoration  of 
the  services  of  citizens  of  Raleigh  in  the  War  of  1812. 
This  was  represented  by  Hxe  Raleigh  gentlemen,  whose 
ancestors,  in  a  direct  line,  served  in  that  struggle. 
Four  veterans  of  the  Mexican  War  represented  that 
event,  viz.,  Messrs.  Mordecai  B.  Barbee,  H.  W.  Earp, 
Wm.  H.  High  and  W.  A.  Lamb.  Eight  ex-soldiers  of 
the  Civil  War,  attired  in  the  identical  grey  uniform 
they  had  worn  thirty  years  before,  honored  the  mem- 
ory of  the  Lost  Cause. 

On  Tuesday  evening,  the  18th,  Dr.  Kemp  P.  Battle 
delivered  an  historic  oration,  and  on  Wednesday  night 
a  grand  display  of  fireworks  Avas  witnessed  at  Moore 
Square  by  not  less  than  ten  thousand  people,  the  fes- 
tiAdties  of  the  Centennial  occasion  closing  on  Thurs- 
day night  with  a  magnificent  ball  at  Stronach's  audi- 
torium. 


HISTORICAL  RALKKJII.  201 

A    GLANCE    AT    RALElGh    Of   TO-DAY. 


THE  CITY  A  CENTRE.  FINANCIALLY.  INDUSTRIALLY  AND 

SOCIALLY-TME  EDUCATIONAL  HEART  Of  THE 

STATE-ITS  REMARKABLE  GROWTH  AND 

CONSTANT   DEVELOPMENT. 

IJaleigli  was  born  a  State  capital.  Tlie  Avise  men  of 
the  State  selected  the  location  when  it  was  a  primeval 
forest  because  it  possessed  every  natural  advantaiii(\ 
There  is  no  finer  climate  in  the  world.  It  was  built 
in  a  majiuiticent  natural  oak  forest.  It  is  on  an  ele- 
vation and  Avell  drained.  It  is  centrally  located,  and 
is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  sectiini,  whose  lands  are 
\\('ll  adapted  to  diversified  agriculture.  It  is  the 
capital  (.f  a  large  and  prosperous  county,  peopled  for 
genia'ations  by  a  tine  class  of  men  and  wonuMi,  noted 
f(U*  their  patriotism  and  their  hospitality. 

Born  as  the  political  centre  of  the  State,  many  years 
l)assed  before  its  people  appreciated  the  importance  of 
establishing  manufacturing  industries  that  would  give 
cmploynuuit  to  hundreds  of  skilled  workers.  But  the 
prc^sent  generation,  alive  to  the  industrial  activities 
of  the  times,  has  come  to  appreciate  that  city  growth 
and  manufacturing  are  synonymous  terms.  Within 
the  past  ten  or  tAvelve  years  three  large  cotton  facto- 
ries and  two  large  knitting  mills  have  been  established 
in  addition  to  other  industries  that  give  employment 
to  hundrc^ds  of  men  and  women.  The  success  of  the 
industries  that  have  been  established  has  been  so 
marked  that  the  establishment  of  others  is  on  foot, 
and  only  recently  the  stock  Avas  subscribed  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  collar  and  cuff  factory,  to  be  man- 
aged by  an  expert  from  Troy,  X.  T.,  the  centre  of  man- 


u 


20! 


mSTOKICAL  KALEKJII. 


ufactnre  of  collars  and  cutfs.  The  spirit  of  progress 
is  alive,  capitalists  at  home  and  abroad  have  their  eyes 
upon  Ivaleigh,  and  the  next  ten  years  will  witness  a 
development  that  will  double  Kaleigh's  manufactur- 
ing i)lants. 

The  cotton  and  tobacco  industri(^s  are  n^ferred  id  at 
length  hereafter. 


HON.    A.    >r.    I'OWELL 

Mayor  of  Raleigh. 


It  sliould  be  emphasized  that  lialeigh  is  the  educa- 
tional centre  of  North  Carolina.  More  young  men 
and  young  Avomen  are  educated  in  Kaleigh  than  in 
any  other  city  of  the  State,  and  the  fame  and  patron- 
age of  its  schools  and  colleges  are  not  conlincMl  to 
State  lines. 

It  is  likewise  and  naturally  a  centre  of  literary  life, 
embracing  manv  of  the  first  minds  in  the  State  and 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  203 

attracting  hither  men  of  talent  in  all  the  professions 
and  callings. 

In  Oakwood  Cemetery  are  monuments  erected  to 
the  memory  of  many  of  the  State's  distinguished  dead, 
and  in  Capitol  Square  within  the  past  few  years  a 
magnificent  monument  has  been  erected  to  the  mem- 
ory of  the  Confederate  dead,  and  a  speaking  bronze 
statue  of  Zebulon  Baird  Vance,  twice  a  resident  of 
Kaleigh  while  Governor  of  the  State.  Soon  a  bronze 
statue  of  Ensign  Worth  Bagley,  a  native  of  Ealeigh, 
the  first  to  give  his  life  for  his  country  in  the  Spanish- 
American  war,  and  the  only  naval  officer  to  be  killed 
in  that  war,  will  be  placed  in  Capitol  Square. 

As  a  resident  city,  Kaleigh  is  as  near  perfect  as  any 
city  could  be  desired.  Its  beautiful  homes;  wide 
macadamized  streets;  its  well-kept  lawns;  its  three 
parks  in  the  very  heart  of  the  city  and  its  large  and 
delightful  park 'in  the  western  limit;  its  Eaney  Li- 
brary, the  pride  of  the  city  and  the  best  public  li- 
brary that  is  to  be  found  anywhere  in  a  city  of  its 
size;  its  elegant  club  house,  a  dream  of  architectural 
beauty;  its  numerous  social,  historical  and  business 
societies — all  these  and  others  go  to  make  Raleigh  a 
thoroughly  delightful  residence  city.  Because  of  these 
advantages  retired  business  and  professional  men 
have  made  their  homes  in  the  capital  city,  and  it  is 
the  home  of  a  multitude  of  families  of  men  whose  busi- 
ness keeps  them  on  the  road. 

But  it  is  impossible  in  any  brief  space  to  enumerate 
the  advantages  that  Raleigh  offers  to  home-seekers, 
business  men  and  manufacturers.  Property  has  never 
been  placed  at  any  speculative  values,  but  can  be 
bought  cheaply  when  the  population  and  advantages 
of  the  city  are  considered.  There  are  many  openings 
for  profitable  investment.  The  city  is  on  the  eve  of  its 
greatest  expansion,  and  within  the  past  five  years  has 


204  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

built  more  residences  and  handsome  structures  than 
in  any  previous  ten  years,  and  the  development  is  but 
on  its  threshold. 

The  fine  water  power  on  the  Xeuse,  near  Raleigh, 
has  been  developed,  and  will  furnish  power  cheaply 
to  factories.  This  will  greatly  accelerate  the  manu- 
facturing growth. 

Raleigh's  material  advancement  is  at  this  time  more 
notable  than  at  any  previous  period.  In  almost  every 
line  of  business  and  commerce,  we  see  marked  evi- 
dences of  a  rapid,  but  not  mushroom  growth.  The 
cotton  manufacturing  industry  shows  signs  of  a 
steady  and  safe  increase.  All  the  three  large  cotton 
mills  in  Raleigh  have  been  enlarged,  the  demand  for 
their  products  necessitating  over-time  work,  and  the 
stock  has  risen  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  per  cent  in 
value  within  the  last  few  years.  The  two  knitting 
mills  are  in  a  most  flourishing  condition  also. 

At  the  Falls  of  Neuse,  near  the  city,  another  large 
cotton  mill  has  recently  been  established. 

At  Milburnie,  six  miles  from  the  city,  the  superb 
water-power  of  the  Neuse  River  is  being  used  by  a 
new  electric  company,  which  is  transmitting  the 
power  to  the  city  for  lighting  and  other  purposes. 

There  is  great  activity  and  success  in  all  the  estab- 
lished manufactures  in  Raleigh.  All  of  them  are  rtm- 
ning  on  full  time,  some  of  them  over-time,  and  there 
are  new  corporations  organized  for  new  manufactur- 
ing and  development  which  promises  big  things  in  the 
way  of  adding  to  Raleigh's  manufacturing  greatness. 
Already  it  has  a  multitude  of  small  industries  which 
will  grow  into  great  ones. 

The  most  conspicuous  advance  in  Raleigh  is  to  be 
seen  when  we  turn  to  the  consideration  of  the  work  of 
the  architects  and  contractors.  Ten  years  ago  Ra- 
leigh had  one  sole  architect,  who  was  not  kept  busy. 


HISTORICAL  KALEIGH.  205 

To-day  a  dozen  expert  and  experienced  graduates  of 
the  best  schools  of  architecture  have  a  large  clientele, 
and  there  is  an  increasing  demand  for  their  profes- 
sional services.  The  number  of  prosperous  firms  of 
contractors  and  builders  has  increased  even  more 
rapidly,  and  the  demand  for  new  factories,  new  stores 
and  new  homes  is  even  greater  than  the  army  of  con- 
tractors and  skilled  mechanics  can  keep  up  with. 

The  building  of  the  Baptist  Female  University,  the 
Capital  Club,  the  Tucker  Building,  the  Olivia  Raney 
Library,  the  Carolina  Trust  Company's  new  building, 
and  the  new  Presbyterian  church  marks  the  departure 
from  a  city  of  small  buildings  to  a  metropolitan  city. 
Those  buildings  set  the  pace  for  the  new  architecture 
that  is  transforming  Raleigh  into  a  modern  city. 

Raleigh's  crowning  glory  is  its  educational  primacy. 
The  centre  of  official  and  political  life  for  generations, 
it  has  alw^ays  been  noted  for  its  excellent  educational 
advantages.  The  youth  from  all  portions  of  the  State 
have  been  attracted  to  Raleigh  by  its  fine  schools  and 
colleges. 

SCHOOLS  AND  COLLEGES. 

With  its  numerous  schools  and  colleges,  Raleigh  can 
well  be  called  an  educational  center.  The  graded 
schools  are  models  of  their  kind. 

The  North  Carolina  College  of  Agriculture  and 
Mechanic  Arts  has  a  fine  site,  just  beyond  the  western 
corporate  limits.  The  college  is  of  brick,  with  Wake 
County  granite  and  Anson  brownstone.  It  has  a 
thorough  course,  with  military  features.  There  is  a 
magnificent  new  Textile  School  Building,  which  cost 
120,000,  and  the  new  Watauga  Hall,  which  will  cost 
125,000. 

St.  Mary's  School  for  young  ladies,  under  Episco- 
palian auspices,  is  famous  throughout  the  South.     It 


206  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

is  now  doing  a  greater  work  than  ever  under  the  presi- 
dency of  Rev.  T.  D.  Bratton,  and  its  career  of  useful- 
ness promises  much  for  the  future. 

Peace  Institute,  under  Presbyterian  patronage,  is 
another  well-known  school  for  young  ladies.  It  has 
an  able  corps  of  twenty  instructors,  and  its  patronage 
embraces  many  States.  Mr.  Jas.  Dinwiddle  is  the 
President. 

The  Baptist  Female  University  is  one  of  the  new  in- 
stitutions of  the  city,  and  has  been  remarkably  suc- 
cessful, having  a  splendid  faculty  and  possessing 
every  advantage  for  doing  the  best  work. 

The  Raleigh  Male  Academy  is  a  splendid  school  for 
boys,  in  its  twenty-fourth  year.  The  record  of  its 
students  in  universities  and  colleges  is  unexcelled. 
The  aim  of  this  school  is  to  teach  its  pupils  to  think 
and  reason  for  themselves — to  give  them  such  mental 
discipline  and  training  as  will  be  valuable  to  them  in 
after  life.  Mr.  Hugh  Morson  is  the  highly-efficient 
Principal. 

Shaw  University,  for  colored  people,  is  a  huge  brick 
structure.  Adjoining  is  Estey  Seminary  for  females, 
and  near  by  is  Leonard  Medical  College.  There  is 
also  a  law  department. 

A  medical  department  of  the  State  University  has 
been  established  in  the  city,  with  a  faculty  composed 
of  the  leading  physicians  and  surgeons  of  the  State. 
The  course  is  two  years,  and  is  intended  to  supplement 
the  regular  University  course  in  medicine.  Dr.  Hu- 
bert Royster,  so  eminent  for  his  superior  surgical 
skill,  is  the  Dean. 

St.  Augustine  Normal  School  is  a  large  institution 
for  the  education  of  the  colored  people.  It  has  many 
handsome  and  commodious  buildings. 

There  are  State  schools  for  the  white  and  colored 
blind,  and  the  colored  deaf  and  dumb  and  blind. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  207 

Two  orphanages  have  recently  been  established,  one 
for  Methodist  and  one  for  Catholic  children. 

The  University  of  North  Carolina  is  twenty-eight 
miles  west  of  the  city,  Wake  Forest  College  seventeen 
miles  north,  and  Trinity  College  twenty-eight  miles 
away. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

Raleigh  is  the  newspaper  center  of  the  State,  hav- 
ing two  large  morning  dailies,  and  one  evening  daily. 
Here  are  published  the  organs  of  the  Methodist,  Bap- 
tist and  Catholic  denominations.  There  are  two  week- 
lies devoted  entirely  to  farming. 

BANKS  AND  BANKERS. 

The  citv  has  five  banks,  all  sound  financial  institu- 
tions, as  follows :  The  Citizens  National  Bank,  incor- 
porated 1870,  capital  $100,000.  The  Commercial  and 
Farmers  Bank,  began  business  1891,  capital  |100,000. 
The  National  Bank  of  Raleigh,  incorporated  1885, 
capital  $225,000.  Raleigh  Savings  Bank,  commenced 
business  1887,  capital  $15,500.  Mechanics  Dime  Sav- 
ings Bank,  incorporated  in  1895,  capital  $15,000. 

Private  bankers  are  Grimes  &  Vass,  Raleigh  Loan 
and  Trust  Company,  and  Carolina  Trust  Company. 

INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 

The  North  Carolina  Home  Insurance  Company,  of 
Raleigh,  was  organized  as  a  fire  insurance  company 
in  1868. 

The  People's  Mutual  Benevolent  Association,  of 
Raleigh,  was  incorporated  in  1897. 

The  People's  Benefit  and  Relief  Association,  of 
North  Carolina,  is  a  colored  institution. 

The  Mechanics  and  Investors  Union  is  a  model 
building  and  loan  association. 


208  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


HOSPITALS  AND  INFIRMARIES. 

The  State  Hospital,  on  Dix  Hill,  overlooking  Ra- 
leigh, is  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  accommodating 
about  400  patients. 

The  Eex  Hospital  is  a  public  hospital  for  patients 
suffering  from  all  except  contagious  diseases. 

The  North  Carolina  Soldiers  Home  has  an  appro- 
priation from  the  State  Treasury,  and  also  receives 
voluntary  contributions. 

St.  Luke's  Home  for  Old  Ladies  is  managed  by  the 
King's  Daughters. 

Leonard  Medical  School  Hospital,  Shaw  Univer- 
sity, is  for  the  colored  people. 

St.  Agnes  Hospital  and  Training  School  for  Nurses, 
is  also  for  colored  people. 

MANUFACTURING  AND   BUILDING. 

The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  enterprises  that 
have  recently  been  added  to  the  industries  and  im- 
provements of  the  city. 

The  Melrose  Knitting  Mill,  for  manufacture  of 
men's  underAvear;  the  Williard  &  Ashe  Hosiery  Mill, 
for  which  a  new  brick  factory  has  been  erected;  the 
Copperville  Brick  Company,  with  the  most  approved 
steam  brick  machinery;  the  electric  plant  at  Milbur- 
nie,  on  Neuse  River;  a  large  cotton  mill  at  Falls  of 
Neuse,  owned  in  Raleigh;  Norwood  Cigar  Fac- 
tory; the  Pogue  plug  tobacco  factory,  in  new  quar- 
ters; large  additions  to  the  Caraleigh  Fertilizer 
Works ;  the  Cotton-seed  Oil  Mill ;  the  Caraleigh  Ging- 
ham Mills;  the  Raleigh  Yarn  Mill,  and  the  Pilot  Plaid 
Mills. 

The  Water  Company  has  greatly  enlarged  their 
plant.  An  entirely  new  system  of  works  and  mains 
have  been  put  in  by  the  Raleigh  Gas  and  Electric 
Company,  at  a  heavy  cost. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  209 

The  city  of  Raleigh  rejoices  in  the  completion  of  the 
Greater  Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway,  which  places  our 
city  on  the  through  route  from  Boston  to  Florida ;  it 
also  appreciates  the  advantages  of  being  on  the  line  of 
the  Southern  Railway  system— both  giving  to  our  citi- 
zens the  advantages^f  frequent  trains  and  competi- 
tive rates. 

This  city  now  has  free  rural,  as  well  as  city  postal 
deliveries^  and  with  greatly  increased  business  re- 
ported by  the  postofiBce,  banks,  manufacturers,  mer- 
chants, and  by  the  real  estate,  tobacco  and  cotton  op- 
erators, can  confidently  anticipate  a  continued  in- 
crease of  business  prosperity. 

The  Raleigh  Leaf  Tobacco  Company  has  been  organ- 
ized within  the  last  few  months,  for  dealing  in  and 
manufacturing  leaf  tobacco.  Two  warehouses  are 
already  in  active  operation. 

ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  AND  LIGHT  COMPANIES. 

The  Electric  City  Railroad,  run  by  the  Raleigh  Elec- 
tric Company,  is  about  five  miles  in  length.  It  en- 
ables passengers  to  visit  all  the  main  points  of  interest 
in  the  city,  including  the  State  Capitol  and  surround- 
ing Stat^  buildings.  Governor's  Mansion,  Pullen 
Park,  Brookside  Park,  Oakwood  Cemetery,  and  the 
various  schools  and  colleges.  It  has  lately  added  to 
its  line  and  equipment. 

The  Standard  Gas  and  Electric  Company  and  the 
Raleigh  Electric  Company  supply  electric  lights  to 
the  city,  the  first  company  supplying  both  gas  and 
electricity. 

There  is  also  an  electric  fire  alarm  system. 

THE  TUCKER  BUILDING. 

This  imposing  and  magnificent  building  is  located 
on  the  northwest  corner  of  Martin  and  Fayetteville 


210  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

streets,  facing  on  Martin  street,  opposite  the  post- 
office.  The  building  is  of  pressed  brick,  is  imposing 
in  appearance,  pleasing  in  design,  its  five  stories 
standing  forth  a  living  monument  to  the  memory  of 
Major  Tucker,  and  a  credit  to  the  thrift  and  progress 
of  the  capital  city.  The  building  is  five  stories  in 
height,  with  a  frontage  of  72  feet  on  Fayetteville 
street  and  68  feet  on  Martin  street. 

THE  CAROLINA  TRUST   BUILDING. 

The  handsome  office  building  of  the  Carolina  Trust 
Company  is  situated  on  Fayetteville  street,  near  the 
postoffice.  This  company  was  organized  early  in  the 
year  1901,  and  began  at  once  to  form  plans  for  the 
erection  of  its  building,  and  putting  in  the  most  mod- 
ern equipments  for  its  own  banking  and  trust  offices. 
These  are  located  on  the  first  floor.  The  upper  floors 
are  used  exclusively  for  offices  of  various  professions 
and  different  lines  of  business. 

On  June  13,  1D02,  the  building  was  completed  for 
occupancy,  and  on  July  22,  the  extensive  banking  ar- 
rangements and  furnishings  were  finished.  The  com- 
pany at  once  threw  open  its  doors  for  business.  This 
witnessed  a  change  to  meet  the  financial  conditions  of 
the  twentieth  century  and  the  demands  of  our  citizens 
for  an  institution  to  manage  estates  in  trust  and  put 
in  active  operation  the  industries  that  awaited  devel- 
opment. 

PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

The  State  Capitol  is  a  magnificent  building  of  gran- 
ite. It  is  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  architecture 
to  be  found  in  the  country,  140  by  160,  and  100  feet 
high.  When  it  was  completed  it  was  the  handsomest 
State  capitol  building  in  the  United  States,  and 
though  others  have  surpassed  it  in  size  and  modern 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  211 

conTeniences,  it  is  still  a  model  of  architectural 
beauty.  It  is  a  classic  structure,  with  many  attrac- 
tive features,  being  modelled  after  the  Parthenon,  the 
Lanthorn  of  Demosthenes,  the  Ionic  Temple  on  the 
Illisius,  the  Octagon  Tower  of  Andronicus,  and  the 
Acropolis  of  Athens. 

The  North  Carolina  Insane  i^sylum  is  730  feet  in 
length,  and  has  room  for  about  400  patients.  It  is 
situated  on  Dix  Hill,  a  beautiful  site,  and  is  one  of  the 
finest  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the  country. 

The  North  Carolina  Institution  for  the  Blind  occu- 
pies Caswell  Square.  The  colored  department  of  this 
institution  is  a  spacious  brick  building  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  city,  and  is  equipped  in  every  respect  for 
this  important  service. 

The  State  Penitentiary  is  a  splendid  building,  con- 
structed of  brick,  with  granite  enclosing  walls,  and 
was  about  twenty  years  in  construction.  It  is  a 
model  structure  of  its  kind. 

The  Agricultural  Department  contains  the  neces- 
sary offices,  the  State  Geological  Museum  (which  also 
is  a  museum  of  the  forestry,  mines,  fisheries,  agricul- 
ture, etc.,  of  the  State),  the  Corporation  Commission, 
and  the  rooms  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Sta- 
tion. A  large  addition  is  now  being  erected  which 
will  greatly  increase  the  attractiveness  of  the  Mu- 
seum. 

The  Supreme  Court  and  State  Library  Building 
fronts  Capitol  Square.  Its  exterior  is  plain,  but  it  is 
admirably  fitted  within.  The  State  Library  contains 
45,000  volumes,  and  many  portraits  of  citizens  emi- 
nent in  every  walk  of  life. 

The  Governor's  Mansion  is  built  of  brick  and  mar- 
ble, and  occupies  the  center  of  Burke  Square.  Its 
hall  is  adorned  with  portraits  of  the  Governors.  The 
beautiful  marble  from  the  Nantahala,  Macon  County, 


212  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

was  used  in  the  construction  of  portions  of  the  build- 
ing. 

The  Postoffice  Building  is  a  splendid  structure  of 
granite,  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  half  a  million  of 
dollars. 

Wake  County  Court  House  is  a  unique  building  of 
brick  and  brownstone.  It  is  supplied  with  spacious 
fire-proof  vaults  for  the  safe  keeping  of  records.  A 
statue  of  Justice  ornaments  the  exterior  of  the  struc- 
ture. 

There  are  five  graded  school  buildings,  all  splen- 
didly arranged  and  furnished  for  the  important  uses 
to  which  they  are  put. 

The  Town  Hall  contains  the  municipal  offices  and 
police  headquarters,  as  well  as  providing  a  spacious 
hall  for  public  meetings,  and  a  market  square. 

An  elegant  Union  railroad  passenger  station  has 
been  completed  at  a  cost  of  eighty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  is  an  adornment  to  the  city. 

The  State  Fair  Grounds,  with  spacious  buildings 
and  splendid  race-course,  are  located  two  miles  west 
of  the  capitol. 

The  Federal  and  Confederate  cemeteries  are  both 
on  the  eastera  boundaries.  They  are  well  kept,  and 
are  adorned  with  appropriate  monuments. 

CHURCHES. 

All  of  the  church  denominations  are  represented, 
and  the  sacred  edifices  are  of  very  handsome  archi- 
tecture, adding  considerably  to  the  beauty  of  the  city. 
There  are  four  Methodist,  four  Baptist,  two  Episco- 
pal, one  Catholic,  one  Christian,  one  Presbyterian, 
and  one  Primitive  Baptist  church,  besides  other 
congregations,  and  not  including  several  colored 
churches. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  213 

CITY   GOVERNMENT. 

The  city  is  splendidly  equipped  with  an  ample  sup- 
ply of  excellent  water,  an  efficient  Board  of  Health 
and  careful  sanitary  inspection,  a  complete  sewerage 
system,  a  city  hospital,  a  well-fitted  up  fire  depart- 
ment ;  it  has  an  Academy  of  Music,  Metropolitan  Hall, 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  a  Home  for 
Old  Ladies  and  Incurables. 

PUBLIC   ROADS. 

The  people  of  Raleigh  and  Raleigh  Township  real- 
ize the  vast  importance  of  good  roads,  and  much  at- 
tention is  being  given  to  the  improvement  of  the  pub- 
lic roads.  All  of  the  roads  leading  out  of  Raleigh 
have  already  been  macadamized  for  about  six  miles, 
and  the  work  is  being  pushed  on  to  the  great  advant- 
age of  the  locality  generally  and  to  the  enhancement 
of  real  estate  values.  It  is  only  a  matter  of  "time  when 
the  good  roads  will  penetrate  the  entire  county.  This 
improved  condition  of  our  roads  is  due,  mainly,  to  the 
genius  and  untiring  industry  of  Mr.  W.  C.  McMackin, 
Superintendent  of  Wake  County  Roads. 

The  Good  Roads  Convention  here  last  February  re- 
sulted in  still  more  active  work. 

IMPORTANCE. 

Being  the  State  capital,  Raleigh  is  naturally  the 
political  centre  of  the  State,  and  here  are  held  innu- 
merable important  meetings  and  conventions  of  all 
kinds.  This  fact  brings  considerable  business  of  every 
description  to  the  city,  and  occasions  the  presence  of 
many  strangers  almost  continually.  This  gives  a 
somewhat  cosmopolitan  air  to  the  place,  and  prevents 
any  appearance  of  provinciality  whatsoever.  As  the 
seat  of  the  State  government,  here  are  to  be  seen  the 
State  buildings  and  institutions,  including  the  State- 


214 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


house,  with  surrounding  park;  the  Governor's  Man- 
sion, the  State  Agricultural  Building,  State  Museum, 
containing  as  fine  an  exhibit  of  State  products  as  can 
be  found  in  any  State  of  the  Union.     The  Supreme 


CHARLES  F.    LU3ISDEN. 

City  Tax  Collector. 


Court  building  and  State  Library,  with  a  large  and 
valuable  collection  of  books  and  manuscripts,  is  open 
free  to  visitors,  and  is  a  place  of  much  interest. 


RALEIGH  CITY  GOVERNMENT. 

Raleigh  enjoys  the  blessing  of  a  good  and  wise  city 
government.     Her  Board   of  Aldermen   is   presided 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  215 

over  by  a  Mayor  whose  zeal  for  the  public  good  has 
won  for  him  the  sincere  regard  of  all  classes  of  our 
people.  This  officer  is  A.  M.  Powell,  Esq.  The  Po- 
lice Department  has  for  its  chief  Mr.  J.  H.  Mullins. 

Mr.  Powell  was  first  elected  in  1899.  He  met  every 
expectation  of  his  friends  and  the  public  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties,  and  proved  an  efficient  and  faith- 
ful officer.  Neither  was  any  mistake  made  in  electing 
him  for  a  second  term.  His  good  common  sense,  well- 
known  integrity  and  uprightness  of  character,  have 
proven  that  the  possession  of  these  qualities  in  a  judi- 
cial officer  are  quite  as  important  in  the  administra- 
tion of  justice  as  a  knowledge  of  technical  rules  of 
legal  procedure.  Seldom  do  the  guilty  escape,  and 
never  do  the  innocent  suffer,  when  he  is  in  control  of 
affairs. 

Mr.  Mullins  is  also  serving  his  second  term  as  Chief 
of  the  Police  Department,  having  been  first  elected  in 
1899.  No  man  occupying  a  similar  position  in  the 
State  has  filled  the  office  with  more  credit  to  himself 
and  his  constituency  than  Mr.  Mullins.  Besides  pos- 
sessing executive  ability  of  a  high  order,  his  personal 
qualities  are  such  as  to  have  won  for  him  the  esteem 
and  admiration  of  all. 

The  city  tax-collector  is  Mr.  Chas.  F.  Lumsden. 
Karely  does  one  find  such  a  happy  combination  of  per- 
sonal qualities  and  official  ability  as  are  possessed  by 
this  officer.  This  is  evidenced  by  his  continuance  in 
office,  for  he  is  now  filling  his  third  term.  Mr.  Lums- 
den is  a  public-spirited  citizen,  and  a  man  deeply  in- 
terested in  all  that  makes  for  his  fellow-man's  wel- 
fare ;  he  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  frater- 
nity. Odd  Fellows,  Eed  Men,  and  is  Chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Odd  Fellows  Orphan  Home, 
besides  occupying  other  positions  of  honor  and  trust. 


216  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


RALEIGH  S   WELL-PAVED   STREETS. 

Conspicuous  among  the  acts  of  the  city  government 
during  the  hist  few  years  was  the  issue  of  bonds  for 
street  improvements.  This  did  more  to  start  Ealeigh 
forward  than  anything  else  in  her  history.  It  opened 
up  streets  that  were  hitherto  nothing  but  alleys,  im- 
proved many  of  the  main  thoroughfares  and  enhanced 
the  value  of  property  all  over  the  city.  Those  who 
remember  Raleigh  before  the  issue  of  those  bonds  can 
speak  eloquently  on  the  tremendous  improvement 
wrought. 

There  were  two  issues,  the  lirst  of  §50,000  on  Octo- 
ber 1,  1897,  at  5  per  cent,  and  the  second  of  |100,000 
on  July  1, 1899,  at  4  per  cent.  Both  these  issues  were 
to  be  redeemed  in  thirty  years.  The  prices  they 
brought  speak  of  themselves  for  the  citv's  £crowth. 
The  §50,000  issue  brought  §109,327,  and  the  §100,000 
issue  §105,525.  In  188^1  a  §50,000  issue  of  5's  brought 
only  §105.25,  and  an  issue  of  850,000  5's  in  1890 
brought  only  §103.50.  Thus  the  §100,000  I's  in  1899 
brought  more  than  the  §100,000  5's  in  1899  and  1890. 

As  a  result  of  these  issues  of  bonds  in  1897  and  1899, 
Ealeigh  has  now  eight  miles  of  paved  and  macadam- 
ized streets,  and  thirty-two  miles  of  paved  and  curbed 
sidewalks.  The  material  used  on  the  sidewalks  is 
brick,  Belgian  blocks  and  granolithic  pavement.  The 
streets  for  heavy  traffic  are  paved  with  cobble  stones 
and  the  rest  with  macadam. 

This  movement  originated,  was  agitated  and  suc- 
cessfully carried  through,  principally,  by  the  energy 
and  business  ideas  of  Mr.  John  C.  Drewry,  for  several 
years  an  Alderman  and  Chairman  of  the  Street  Com- 
mittee. No  man  who,  without  compensation,  has  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  Alderman,  has  given  Raleigh 
more  valuable  service  than  Mr.  Drewry.  He  is  no  en- 
thusiast to  spring  sensational  matters  for  considera- 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  217 

tion,  but  liaving  accepted  tlie  call  of  his  constituents 
to  serve  the  city  as  representative  from  his  ward,  he  at 
once  concentrated  all  his  faculties  and  energies  to  in- 
augurate such  improvements  as  would  be  i^ermanent. 
This  he  thought  should  be  done  in  permanent  street 
Avork,  and  to-da}^  our  people  are  in  the  enjoyment  of 
thoroughfares  comparable  with  any  in  the  ^outh,  and 
the  credit  for  which  is  very  largely  due  to  the  wisdom, 
persistence  and  personal  supervision  of  Mr.  Drewry. 

In  1897  the  city  took  up  |10,000  of  the  funded  debt 
bonds,  sixes,  and  issued  |25,000  current  expense 
bonds,  lives.  These  sold  for  |109.45.  The  1898  more 
current  expense  bonds  were  issued  to  take  the  place  of 
125,000  fives  floating  debt  bonds.  These  sold  at  par 
on  the  very  day  that  war  was  declared  Avith  Spain. 
That  speaks  volumes  for  the  city's  credit.  Under  the 
circumstances  it  was  rather  remarkable  that  they 
could  be  sold  at  all. 

The  amount  of  the  sinking  fund  on  hand  March  1st 
was  |10,51G.  The  next  bonds  due  are  funded  debt 
bonds,  110,400,  at  0  per  cent,  on  July  1,  1907. 

TWO  SURE  EVIDENCES. 

The  two  best  evidences  of  a  city's  growing  prosper- 
ity is  to  be  found  in  its  postoffice  receipts  and  in  the 
deposits  in  its  banks.  By  this  test  Raleigh  stands 
among  the  first  cities  of  its  population  in  the  whole 
country.  In  1898  the  receipts  at  the  Raleigh  post- 
office  were  less  than  |30,000.  For  the  year  just  closed 
(June  30)  they  have  risen  to  over  |15,000. 

In  the  matter  of  bank  deposits  the  gain  for  1902 
over  1892,  a  period  of  ten  years,  was  over  one  hundred 
per  cent.     Here  is  the  statement  of  increase: 

Deposits  in  1^02 |2,074,027 

Deposits  in  1892 1,105,011 

15 


218  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

This  gain  is  a  fair  index  of  the  entire  growth  of  the 
business  and  manufacturing  expansion  of  the  city. 
Ten  years  ago  the  banks  of  Raleigh  had 

Capital  stock   $440,000 

Surplus  and  profits 04,709 

Total  capital  and  profits 534,709 

Total  deposits  ten  years  ago 1,165,611 

To-day : 

Capital  stock   455,000 

Surplus  and  profits 242.7<>2 

Total  capital  and  profits <  19 7, 762 

Total  deposits  now 2,074.027 


HISTORICAL  KALEIGH. 


219 


HORACE  B.  GREASON. 

Mr.  Greason  has  been  a  resident  of  Raleigh  since 
1890.  He  was  born  in  Stuyvesant  Falls,  N.  Y.,  in 
1859.  Later  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Cohoes, 
in  the  same  State,  where  he  worked  to  learn  the  busi- 


HORACE  B.   GREASOX, 

Superintendent  Raleigh  Cotton  Mills. 

ness  of  cotton  milling.  After  remaining  at  Cohoes 
for  eighteen  rears — nntil  1881 — he  removed  to  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  was  engaged  for  several  years  Avith 
the  Skenandoah  IMills.  It  Avas  there  his  duties  enabled 
him  to  familiarize  himself  with  every  detail  of  the 
business,  and  in  1890  his  proficiency  in  this  industry 
occasioned  tlie  securins:  of  his  services  bv  the  Raleiii'li 


:2o 


HISTOlilCAL  UALEKiH. 


Cotton  Mills.  Subsequently,  when  a  vaeancy  occurred 
in  the  position  of  Superintendent,  Mr.  Greason  was 
ehosen,  being  the  successful  competitor  over  a  large 
number  of  others,  who  were  regarded  as  experts  as 
well  as  himself.  In  1881  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Catherine  Grev,  of  Cohoes,  N.  Y.  Mr.  Grea- 
son  is  esteemed  as  one  of  our  substantial  citizens,  and 
is  popular  with  a  wide  circle  of  friends. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  221 


OLIVIA  RANEY  LIBRARY. 

Soiiieoue  has  beautifully  said:  "Carve  your  uauie 
on  hearts,  and  not  on  marble ;  those  who  loved  you  and 
were  helped  by  you  will  remember  you  when  the  mar- 
ble has  crumbled  and  forget-me-nots  have  perished.'* 

To  no  one  in  the  vast  domain  of  our  State  could  this 
sentiment  be  more  tittiugly  applied  than  to  Richard 
Beverly  Kaney,  the  donor  of  the  Olivia  Raney  Library 
to  the\vhite  people  of  Raleigh,  for  the  donation  ex- 
ceeds in  beneficence  any  before  bestowed  by  anyone 
upon  any  community  in  our  commonwealth.  It  was 
donated  by  Mr.  Raney  as  a  memoriam  to  his  deceased 
wife,  Olivia  Cowper  Raney,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Pulaski  Cowper,  of  this  city. 

The  Library  was  chartered  in  1899,  and  on  Febru- 
ary 1, 1900,  the  site  and  building,  together  with  nearly 
six  thousand  volumes  of  literature,  were  conveyed  to 
the  Olivia  Raney  Library  corporation.  The  cost  of 
this  gift  was  over  forty  thousand  dollars — "every 
available  dollar,"  it  was  said,  "of  the  owner's  means." 

The  building  is  of  terra  cotta  brick,  with  tile  roof, 
and  includes^  besides  the  reading-rooms  and  book- 
stacks,  parlors  for  gentlemen  and  ladies,  smoking- 
room,  trustees'  rooms,  librarians'  rooms,  drug  store, 
music  rooms,  and  one  of  the  finest  auditoriums  in  this 
section,  the  curtain  being  a  fine  painting  of  the  Taj 
Mahal,  in  Agra,  India. 

The  running  expenses  of  the  Library  are  about  two 
hundred  dollars  per  month,  of  which  sum  the  city  ap- 
propriates one  hundred  dollars;  the  remainder  is  real- 
ized from  the  rents  of  the  auditorium  above  and  the 
stores  underneath. 

The  very  efficient  and  obliging  librarians  are  Missei5 
Jennie  H.  Coffin  and  Theodora  Marshall. 


222  HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 

MALCUS   W.   PAGE. 

Malcus  W.  Page,  the  present  Sheriff  of  Wake 
CoimtT,  was  born  twelve  miles  north  of  Raleigh,  Feb- 
ruary 18, 1836.  His  first  public  service  for  the  county 
was  as  Register  of  Deeds,  to  which  office  he  was  ap- 
pointed in  1883  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  W.  W. 
White.     In  1884  he  was  elected  to  the  same  office. 


M.  W.   PAGE, 

Democratic  nomiuee  for  Sheriff. 


which  he  filled  during  the  term.  He  was  elected  to 
the  office  of  Sheriff  in  1890,  and,  with  the  exception 
of  one  term,  has  occupied  the  same  continuously  since. 
Few  men  could  be  mentioned  of  such  efficiency  and 
popularity  in  the  discharge  of  their  public  duties  as 
Malcus  W.  Page.  On  August  2,  last,  he  was  again 
honored  with  the  nomination  for  the  same  office  by  the 
primaries,  and  this  is  equivalent  to  an  election  for  an- 
other term. 


HISTORICAL  KALEIGH.  223 


RALEIGM  TOBACCO  MARKET. 

The  tobacco  market  of  Raleigh  dates  back  to  Sept. 
26,  1884,  when  the  Stronachs  opened  the  old  Pioneer 
Warehouse,  at  the  corner  of  Wilmington  and  Davie 
streets,  for  the  sale  of  leaf  tobacco.  Mr.  Frank  Stron- 
acli  selling  the  first  pound  ever  sold  on  the  market. 
Subsequently,  the  Capital  Tobacco  Warehouse,  at  the 
corner  of  Davie  and  Blount  streets,  was  erected  by 
a  stock  company  of  enterprising  citizens,  and  the  first 
sale  held  on  November  12th  of  the  same  year.  To 
further  meet  the  demands  of  this  growing  industry, 
Capt.  Thos.  L.  Love  at  once  commenced  building,  and 
soon  completed  his  large  warehouse,  on  the  corner  of 
Blood  worth  and  Davie  streets,  which  was  leased  to 
Messrs.  Moore  k  Proctor,  who  opened  it  for  business 
on  the  23d  of  December,  under  the  name  of  the  Farm- 
ers Warehouse.  Thus,  with  the  Pioneer,  Capital  and 
Farmers  warehouses  our  market  developed  rapidly. 

In  the  early  days  of  1885,  Mr.  Wm.  C.  Stronach  con- 
tracted for  the  large  and  commodious  warehouse  on 
Wilmington,  between  Davie  and  Cabarrus  streets. 
The  opening  sale  was  held  on  April  15,  1885,  under 
the  happiest  auspices,  with  the  largest  quantities  of 
the  golden  weed  on  the  floors  ever  seen  here. 

In  September,  1885,  Mr.  Jos.  E.  Pogue  moved  his 
large  manufacturing  plant  from  Henderson  to  Ra- 
leigh, and  has  since  been  successfully  engaged  here 
in  the  manufacture  of  some  of  the  most  meritorious 
and  popular  brands  of  chewing  tobacco  ever  put  upon 
the  market. 

During  the  following  years,  1886  and  1887,  Messrs. 
T.  L.  Love  and  ^L  A.  Parker  each  built  large  prize- 
houses,  and  Mr.  Chas.  L.  Hervey,  of  Kinston,  opened 
another  plug  factory.     Soon  afterward  Mr.  Phil.  Tay- 


224  HISTOKICAL  KALEIGH. 

lor  retired  from  the  grocery  Ijiisiuess  here,  and  built 
a  large  and  substantial  plug  tobacco  factory  at  the 
corner  of  Cabarrus  and  Blount  streets,  thus  giving 
Raleigh  three  tobacco  warehouses  and  three  tobacco 
factories. 

Mr.  Jesse  G.  Ball  about  this  time  commenced  the 
manufacture  of  smoking  tobacco,  having  bought  out 
Mr.  A.  li.  Love.  The  business  interests  of  IJaleigh  re- 
ceived a  great  impetus  from  the  tobacco  business  thus 
developed. 

At  a  later  period  Messrs.  Latta  &  Myatt  erected  a 
large  prize-house  on  Blount  street,  corner  of  Martin, 
and  Messrs.  Julius  Lewis  &  Co.  built  the  largest  and 
best  e(iuipped  prize-house  in  the  city,  at  the  corner  of 
Wilmington  and  Cabarrus  streets,  but  which  was  un- 
fortunately consumed  by  fire  in  the  spring  of  1901. 

The  Raleigh  Leaf  Tobacco  Company  was  organized 
in  January,  1902,  with  ample  capital,  and  propose  to 
build  a  large  stemmery  and  re-drying  establishment. 
They  Avill  handle  the  first  year,  perhaps,  two  millioTi 
pounds  of  to1)acc()  for  l)oth  export  and  domestic  trade. 
A  large  number  of  native  operatives  will  be  employed. 

Vigorous  and  concerted  efforts  are  now  being  made 
by  the  progressive  element  of  our  city  to  put  the  to- 
bacco market  on  a  higher  plane  of  activity.  A  leading 
tobacconist  says  that  if  Raleigh  had  done  her  full 
duty  during  the  last  ten  or  twelve  years,  she  would 
to-day  be  enjoying  a  ten-million-pound  leaf  market, 
and  her  population  and  trade  practically  doubled.  It 
is  evident,  however,  that  Raleigh  will  in  future  prov(? 
true  to  herself  and  do  her  full  duty  by  this  important 
industry. 

At  present  the  Capital  Warehouse  is  being  success- 
fully nmnaged  by  Messrs.  Canady  and  Knott,  two  ex- 
perienced tobacconists,  who  recently  came  to  Raleigh 
from  Oxford. 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  Z'liy 

The  Farmers  Warehouse  is  also  beiug  couducted  by 
two  most  active  and  successful  youug  warehousemen, 
Messrs.  Cheatham  and  Mitchell,  formerly  of  Oxford. 

Mr.  R.  F.  Knott,  one  of  the  leading  leaf  tobacco 
dealers  in  the  State,  has  recently  moved  to  Raleigh, 
and  is  a  most  important  factor  in  the  re-establishment 
of  our  tobacco  industry. 

Mr.  C.  P.  Sellers,  formerly  of  Greensboro,  has  be- 
come the  Raleigh  representative  of  the  American  To- 
bacco Company,  and  is  doing  wonders  for  the  Raleigh 
market. 

The  Imperial  Tobacco  Company  has  signified  its  in- 
tention of  placing  a  man  on  the  Raleigh  market,  as 
well  as  other  leading  manufacturers  in  this  country 
and  abroad. 

The  Raleigh  market  has  taken  on  a  new  lease  of  life, 
and  the  best  evidence  of  this  fact  is  its  large  daily  sales 
of  the  golden  weed,  the  sales  in  one  day  during  this 
season  having  been  as  much  as  eighty  thousand 
pounds. 


226 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


CAPT.  JOSEPH  J.   BERNARD. 

Capt.  Bernard  is,  in  its  broadest  sense,  a  represent- 
ative man.  He  has  been  the  incumbent  of  the  office  of 
Kegister  of  Deeds  since  February  1,  l:  01,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacanc}^  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  W.  H.  Hood.  No  man  who  ever  occupied 
this  position  has  exhibited  more  skill  and  abilitv  in 


CAPT.   J.   J.   BERNARD, 

Democratic  nominee  for  Register  of  Deeds. 

the  discharge  of  his  duties,  or  exercised  more  judg- 
ment in  the  convenient  arrangement  of  his  office,  than 
has  the  present  incumbent.  Among  the  people  of 
Wake  this  is  common  knowledge,  as  was  evidenced  by 
his  recent  victory  at  the  primaries,  and  by  his  nomi- 
nation for  this  office  for  the  ensuing  term,  on  August 
2,  1902. 

In  1885,  Capt.  Bernard  was  elected  bookkeeper  of 
the  State  Penitentiary,  but  in  1898  was  displaced  by 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH.  227 

the  Fusion  Board  under  Governor  Russell.  Since 
1S77  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  State  Guard,  and  at 
present  is  captain  of  the  Raleigh  Light  Infantry.  He 
is  among  the  progressive,  public-spirited  young  Demo- 
crats of  his  county,  a  man  of  high  integrity,  generous 
impulses  and  a  most  charitable  disposition.  His  char- 
acter is  without  blemish.  Capt.  Bernard  is  a  de- 
scendant of  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  highly  esteemed 
Wake  county  families,  being  a  grandson  of  Rev. 
Wm.  White,  of  St.  Mary's  Township,  who,  in  his  life- 
time, was  a  man  of  much  infltience  in  his  community. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Penny  and  W.  H.  Hood  are  Capt. 
Bernard's  efficient  and  courteous  clerks. 


Ii28  HISTORICAL  liALEIGH. 


THE  COTTON  AND  GROCERS'  EXCHANGE. 

In  1874  the  merchants  here  organized  the  Kaleigh 
Board  of  Trade,  which  a  few  years  later  grew  into  the 
Cotton  and  Grocers'  Exchange. 

The  object  of  this  association  was  for  the  purpose  of 
uniting  the  individual  efforts  of  the  cotton  dealers  and 
grocers  of  Raleigh,  and  fostering  and  maintaining 
Avhatever  pertained  to  the  advancement  of  Raleigh  as 
a  cotton  market,  and  of  Xorth  Carolina  as  a  cotton 
producing  State. 

The  efforts  of  the  Exchange  have  been  wisely  direc- 
ted; the  surrounding  country  has  been  benefitted  as 
well  as  the  city,  and  Raleigh  has  enjoyed  for  a  gener- 
ation the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best  cotton 
markets  in  the  State. 

The  quality  of  cotton  grown  in  this  section  has  no 
superior  in  the  upland  section  of  the  cotton  belt. 

The  system  of  weighing  cotton  at  Raleigh  is  emi- 
nently just  and  fair  to  all  parties;  the  County  Com- 
missioners elect  two  of  the  weighers  from  among  the 
farmers,  and  the  Cotton  and  Grocers'  Exchange  re- 
commend one,  and  the  County  Commissioners  elect 
him.  The  cotton  is  weighed  on  standard  and  well- 
tested  scales  by  sworn  and  bonded  cotton  weighers, 
and  by  men  whose  integrity  prompts,  and  whose  oath 
and  bond  compel  them,  to  give  fair  and  impartial 
weights.  Under  this  system  but  few  complaints  have 
arisen ;  the  buyer  knows  that  he  will  get  what  he  pays 
for,  and  the  seller  is  convinced  that  justice  will  be 
done  him.  Mill  owners  generally  recognize  our 
weighers'  certificates,  and  complaints  from  either  side 
are  rare. 

The  Exchange  has  induced  the  railroad  companies 
to  establish  conveniences  for  handling  and  shipping 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


229 


c-ottou  that  give  the  market  advantages  over  almost 
anv  interior  X-otton  market  in  this  section. 

Fin-merlv  a  large  percentage  of  the  cotton  sold  on 
this  market  was  exported,  but  in  recent  years  the  es- 
tablishment of  cotton  mills  at  Raleigh  and  adjacent 
towns  has  enabled  the  farmers  to  sell  their  cotton 
here  at  very  satisfactory  prices  to  State  mills. 

The  Kaleigh  Cotton  and  Grocers'  Exchange  will 
continue  to  do  all  in  its  power  towards  maintaining 
the  highest  prices  for  cotton,  and  it  will  always  try  to 
make  Raleigh  the  leading  interior  cotton  market  of 
this  section.  Xo  market  has  better  facilities  for  stor- 
ing and  handling  cotton.  It  has  large  and  commodi- 
ous warehouses,  and  ample  funds  may  be  secured 
from  the  banks  for  making  advances  on  cotton  stored. 

The  buvers  are  prepared  to  give  the  highest  price  for 
anv  number  of  bales  that  may  be  offered  any  day  in  the 
vear ;  thev  can  handle  to  advantage  every  bale  of  cot- 
ton that  may  be  hauled  or  shipped  here.  Our  mer- 
chants are,  and  always  have  been,  reasonable  in  their 
charo-es  for  handling  cotton,  and  these  charges  are 
probablv  less  than  those  of  any  market  where  the  same 
advantaVs  are  offered.  Besides  this,  every  grower  of 
cotton  has  the  privilege  of  selling  his  own  cotton  from 
the  Avao'ons,  thus  avoiding  any  warehouse  charges 
whatever.  This  custom  does  not  prevail  in  the  larger 
markets  of  the  South. 

The  cotton  men  here  are  among  our  most  enterpris- 
inii'  and  energetic  citizens,  and  have  worked  year  in 
and  year  out  to  establish  a  market  that  would  meet  the 
demands  of  our  cotton  producers. 


230 


HISTORICAL  RALEIGH. 


MR.    HERBEKT    E.    NORRIS. 


Wake  County 


ator  is  a  young  man  in  the  ftill  vigor 


Democratic  nominee  for  State  Sen- 
of  robust  man- 
hood, a  sound  thinker,  and  a  ready  and  logical  deba- 
ter, whose  legal  attainments  have  made  him  a  promi- 
nent figure  at  the  Raleigh  Bar.     His  practical  knowl- 


H.   E.   NORRIS, 

Dsmocratic  nominee  for  Senate. 

edge  of  farming,  his  thorotigh  understanding  of  the 
people's  needs  and  wants,  his  acknowledged  ability  as 
a  speaker  upon  the  hustings,  caused  his  many  friends 
to  urge  him  into  the  campaign  for  State  Senator. 
With  a  number  of  aspirants  already  in  the  field,  when 
Mr.  Norris  announced  his  candidacy  all  others  with- 
drew, thus  gracefully  acknowledging  him  eminently 
equipped  to  represent  the  metropolitan  district  in  th^ 
Senate.  His  unanimous  nomination  is  but  the  guar- 
antee of  his  election. 

THE   END. 


!  Slli 


! 


216    Fayetteville    Street 

RALEIGH,  N.  C. 


A 


Best  Laundr}'  in  the  State. 

Everything  guaranteed. 

Shirts,  Collars  and  Cuffs  a  specialt\- 


J.    K.    MARSHALL,    PROPRIETOR 


PHONE  87. 


Union  Central  Lik  Insurance 
Company 

Is  the  Best  Company  in  the  World 


She  is  paying 
to  people  in  North  Car- 
olina larger  Annual  Cash  Divi- 
dends  than    any   other  Compan3^     She 
has  for  over  30  years  issued  Modern  Policies  so 
much  boasted  of  b}-  other  companies  now  just  issuing  them. 
We    give    a     Double     Life  -  Long     Savings,     in 
giving     3'ou     the     Lowest      Rate      and 
returning   to   3'ou    the    Largest 
Cash    Dividends. 


5;.   .^    Good   Agents   Wanted    S>    ?^ 

Address 

CARY  J.  HUNTER. 

*^   Superintendent  Virginia  and  North  Carolina^,   *r* 

RALEIGH.   N.   C. 


Chartered  in  1820  v€       -«,  Assets  $60,000,000 


% 


I  Jiztna  Uh  Insurance  Company  | 

I  of  fiartford.  Conn.  | 

A  The     Largest     Company     in     the     World     Writing  O^ 

$  Life,  Accident  and  Health  Insurance  5 


I  Eyery  DesiroDie  Form  oi  Life,  flccideoi  onfl  Heoim  insorance  Policies  issoefl. 


*  Address  S? 


i 


THe  Company,  or  J.  D.  BOUSHALL,  Manager, 


CLbe  IRational  Bank  of  IRalefdbt 

RALaiGH,  N,  C.  % 

Capital  Paid  in, ^225,000  00  % 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits,     100,000.00 

H  new  Vault, 

Which  is  entirely  fire-proof  and  burglar-proof,  has  been  added,     J 
the  doors  controlled  by  combination  automatic  and  time  locks.       % 

f  Safe  Deposit  Boxes 

of  the  very  latest  design,  the  convenience  of  which  can  not  be  ap- 
preciated until  they  are  seen,  and  all  are  invited  to  see  them. 

The  renter  of  the  box  has  the  key,  and  no  one  can  gain  access  to 
the  contents  of  the  box  without  the  presence  of  the  renter,  and 
if  he  should  lose  his  key,  the  finder  could  not  gain  access  to  the  -f 
box,  the  contents  of  which  can  be  known  only  to  the  renter. 
There  is  ample  room  in  the  boxes  for  the  filing  of  deeds,  valuable 
papei-s,  wills,  bonds,  stocks,  etc.,  and  perfect  security  is  obtained 
for  very  moderate  cost. 

Directors : 

_^    Chas.  H.  Belvin,  F.  O.  Moring,  J.  A.  Briggs, 

r     .Tos.  B.  Batchelor,  C.  M.  Busbee,  T.  B.  Crowder. 

|.    Chas.  E.  Johxsox,  W.  W.  Vass,  Julius  Lewis.       J 

ii..Al..MililLli,i,'ll]l].i,nill^]li„.!llll) ■lilli.ii.,llllll:i..,!tl^]l.i..tlilll».illHllliiirlliij lOl lll!i rtillli lllL...,..lll!l.,„.iHlH dill Ulli lllillmillllllUnig 


& 


DANIEL  ALLEN  (H 
COo   SHOE    STORE 


Some  of  the  rea- 
sons why  we  sell 
far  more  SHOES 
than  any  other 
Store  in   Raletgh  are- 


RALEIGH. 

North  Carolin^L. 


We  sell  at  smaller  profits. 

We  select  Better  and  Nobbier 
Styles. 

We  sell  nothing  but  Leather 
and  guarantee  ever}'^  pair. 

We  wait  on  you  courteously. 

We  have  the  largest  stock  in 
the  State  to  select  from. 

We  have  nothing  but  New  Shoes 

We  buy  more  Shoes  and  conse- 
quently get  them  cheaper, 
hence  we  can  sell  them 
cheaper. 

It  costs  you  nothing  to  see  them. 


DANIEL    ALLEN    &    CO. 
V  V  SHOE   STORE  v  V 


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